Collection of validation models
Information
This package contains validation models for the classes in
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.
Note that most validation models contain simple input data
which may not be realistic, but for which the correct
output can be obtained through an analytic solution.
The examples plot various outputs, which have been verified against these
solutions. These model outputs are stored as reference data and
used for continuous validation whenever models in the library change.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.ExamplesPackage (Icon for packages containing runnable examples).
Package Content
Name |
Description |
ControlledFlowMachine
|
Fans with different control signals as input |
ControlledFlowMachineDynamic
|
Fans with different control signals as input and a dynamic speed signal |
FlowControlled_dp
|
Fan with zero mass flow rate and head as input |
FlowControlled_dpSystem
|
Demonstration of the use of prescribedPressure |
FlowControlled_m_flow
|
Fan with zero mass flow rate and mass flow rate as input |
PowerEuler
|
Power calculation comparison among three mover types, using Euler number computation for m_flow and dp |
PowerExact
|
Power calculation comparison among three mover types, using exact power computation for m_flow and dp |
PowerSimplified
|
Power calculation comparison among three mover types, using simplified power computation for m_flow and dp |
PressureCurve
|
Displays the pressure curve of the mover |
PumpCurveConstruction
|
Validation model that tests that the pump curve is properly extrapolated to V=0 and dp=0 |
PumpCurveDerivatives
|
Check for monotoneously increasing pump curve relations between y, dp and m_flow |
Pump_stratos
|
Stratos pumps with speed as input |
Pump_y_stratos
|
Model validation using a Wilo Stratos 80/1-12 pump |
SpeedControlled_y
|
Fan with zero mass flow rate and control signal y as input |
SpeedControlled_y_linear
|
Pump with linear characteristic for pressure vs. flow rate |
BaseClasses
|
Package with base classes for Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation |
Fans with different control signals as input
Information
This example demonstrates the use of the flow model with four different configurations.
At steady-state, all flow models have the same mass flow rate and pressure difference.
Note that
addPowerToMedium=false
since otherwise,
Dymola computes the enthalpy change of the component as a fraction
(k*m_flow+P_internal)/m_flow
which leads to an error because of
0/0
at zero flow rate.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples), Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.BaseClasses.ControlledFlowMachine.
Modelica definition
model ControlledFlowMachine
extends Modelica.Icons.Example;
extends Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.BaseClasses.ControlledFlowMachine(
fan1(addPowerToMedium=false, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.FixedInitial),
fan2(
addPowerToMedium=false,
use_inputFilter=false,
energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.FixedInitial),
fan3(
addPowerToMedium=false,
use_inputFilter=false,
energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.FixedInitial));
end ControlledFlowMachine;
Fans with different control signals as input and a dynamic speed signal
Information
This example demonstrates the use of the flow model with four different configurations.
At steady-state, all flow models have the same mass flow rate and pressure difference.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples), Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.BaseClasses.ControlledFlowMachine.
Modelica definition
Fan with zero mass flow rate and head as input
Information
This example demonstrates and tests the use of a flow machine whose mass flow rate is reduced to zero.
The fans have been configured as steady-state models.
This ensures that the actual speed is equal to the input signal.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples), Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.BaseClasses.FlowMachine_ZeroFlow (Base class to test flow machines with zero flow rate).
Parameters
Type | Name | Default | Description |
replaceable package Medium | Air | Medium model |
MassFlowRate | m_flow_nominal | 1 | Nominal mass flow rate [kg/s] |
PressureDifference | dp_nominal | 500 | Nominal pressure difference [Pa] |
Modelica definition
model FlowControlled_dp
extends Modelica.Icons.Example;
extends Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.BaseClasses.FlowMachine_ZeroFlow(
gain(k=dp_nominal),
redeclare Buildings.Fluid.Movers.FlowControlled_dp floMacSta(
redeclare package Medium =
Medium,
m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal,
use_inputFilter=false,
energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState),
redeclare Buildings.Fluid.Movers.FlowControlled_dp floMacDyn(
redeclare package Medium =
Medium,
m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal,
use_inputFilter=false,
energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.FixedInitial));
equation
connect(gain.y, floMacSta.dp_in);
connect(gain.y, floMacDyn.dp_in);
end FlowControlled_dp;
Demonstration of the use of prescribedPressure
Information
This example demonstrates and tests the use of
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.FlowControlled_dp
movers that use parameter
prescribeSystemPressure
.
The mass flow rates and actual pressure heads of the two configurations are compared.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).
Parameters
Modelica definition
model FlowControlled_dpSystem
extends Modelica.Icons.Example;
package Medium =
Buildings.Media.Air;
parameter Modelica.Units.SI.MassFlowRate m_flow_nominal=0.1
;
parameter Modelica.Units.SI.PressureDifference dp_nominal=100
;
Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Ramp y(
duration=0.5,
startTime=0.25,
height=-dp_nominal,
offset=dp_nominal)
;
Sources.Boundary_pT sou(
redeclare package Medium = Medium,
nPorts=2)
;
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.FlowControlled_dp floConDp(
redeclare package Medium = Medium,
energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState,
allowFlowReversal=false,
m_flow_nominal=1,
use_inputFilter=false) ;
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.FlowControlled_dp floConDpSystem(
redeclare package Medium = Medium,
energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState,
allowFlowReversal=false,
m_flow_nominal=1,
use_inputFilter=false,
prescribeSystemPressure=true)
;
Buildings.Fluid.FixedResistances.PressureDrop heaCoi2(
redeclare package Medium = Medium,
m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal,
dp_nominal=dp_nominal/2) ;
Sensors.RelativePressure senRelPre(
redeclare package Medium = Medium)
;
Sources.Boundary_pT sin(
redeclare package Medium = Medium,
nPorts=4) ;
MixingVolumes.MixingVolume zone2(
redeclare package Medium = Medium,
V=50,
m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal,
nPorts=2,
energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.FixedInitial)
;
Buildings.Fluid.FixedResistances.PressureDrop heaCoi1(
redeclare package Medium = Medium,
m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal,
dp_nominal=dp_nominal/2) ;
Actuators.Dampers.Exponential dam2(
redeclare package Medium = Medium,
from_dp=true,
use_inputFilter=false,
dpDamper_nominal=10,
m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal/2)
;
MixingVolumes.MixingVolume zone1(
redeclare package Medium = Medium,
V=50,
m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal,
nPorts=2,
energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.FixedInitial)
;
Actuators.Dampers.Exponential dam1(
redeclare package Medium = Medium,
from_dp=true,
use_inputFilter=false,
dpDamper_nominal=10,
m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal/2)
;
Actuators.Dampers.Exponential dam3(
redeclare package Medium = Medium,
from_dp=true,
use_inputFilter=false,
dpDamper_nominal=10,
m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal/2)
;
Actuators.Dampers.Exponential dam4(
redeclare package Medium = Medium,
from_dp=true,
use_inputFilter=false,
dpDamper_nominal=10,
m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal/2)
;
MixingVolumes.MixingVolume zone3(
redeclare package Medium = Medium,
V=50,
m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal,
nPorts=3,
energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.FixedInitial)
;
MixingVolumes.MixingVolume zone4(
redeclare package Medium = Medium,
V=50,
m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal,
nPorts=2,
energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.FixedInitial)
;
Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Ramp y1(
duration=0.5,
height=1,
offset=0,
startTime=0)
;
Buildings.Fluid.FixedResistances.PressureDrop duct3(
redeclare package Medium = Medium,
dp_nominal=dp_nominal/2,
m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal/2) ;
Buildings.Fluid.FixedResistances.PressureDrop duct4(
redeclare package Medium = Medium,
dp_nominal=dp_nominal/2,
m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal/2) ;
Buildings.Fluid.FixedResistances.PressureDrop duct1(
redeclare package Medium = Medium,
dp_nominal=dp_nominal/2,
m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal/2) ;
Buildings.Fluid.FixedResistances.PressureDrop duct2(
redeclare package Medium = Medium,
dp_nominal=dp_nominal/2,
m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal/2) ;
equation
connect(y.y, floConDp.dp_in);
connect(y.y, floConDpSystem.dp_in);
connect(zone2.ports[1], sin.ports[1]);
connect(senRelPre.p_rel, floConDpSystem.dpMea);
connect(floConDp.port_a, sou.ports[1]);
connect(floConDpSystem.port_a, sou.ports[2]);
connect(zone1.ports[1], sin.ports[2]);
connect(heaCoi1.port_a, floConDp.port_b);
connect(heaCoi2.port_a, floConDpSystem.port_b);
connect(dam2.port_b, zone1.ports[2]);
connect(dam1.port_b, zone2.ports[2]);
connect(zone3.ports[1], sin.ports[3]);
connect(zone4.ports[1], sin.ports[4]);
connect(dam3.port_b, zone3.ports[2]);
connect(zone4.ports[2], dam4.port_b);
connect(y1.y, dam2.y);
connect(senRelPre.port_b, zone3.ports[3]);
connect(senRelPre.port_a, heaCoi2.port_b);
connect(duct3.port_b, dam3.port_a);
connect(duct4.port_b, dam4.port_a);
connect(duct2.port_a, heaCoi1.port_b);
connect(heaCoi1.port_b, duct1.port_a);
connect(duct1.port_b, dam2.port_a);
connect(duct2.port_b, dam1.port_a);
connect(duct3.port_a, heaCoi2.port_b);
connect(duct4.port_a, heaCoi2.port_b);
connect(y1.y, dam1.y);
connect(y1.y, dam3.y);
connect(y1.y, dam4.y);
end FlowControlled_dpSystem;
Fan with zero mass flow rate and mass flow rate as input
Information
This example demonstrates and tests the use of a flow machine whose mass flow rate is reduced to zero.
The fans have been configured as steady-state models.
This ensures that the actual speed is equal to the input signal.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples), Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.BaseClasses.FlowMachine_ZeroFlow (Base class to test flow machines with zero flow rate).
Parameters
Type | Name | Default | Description |
replaceable package Medium | Air | Medium model |
MassFlowRate | m_flow_nominal | 1 | Nominal mass flow rate [kg/s] |
PressureDifference | dp_nominal | 500 | Nominal pressure difference [Pa] |
Modelica definition
model FlowControlled_m_flow
extends Modelica.Icons.Example;
extends Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.BaseClasses.FlowMachine_ZeroFlow(
gain(k=m_flow_nominal),
redeclare Buildings.Fluid.Movers.FlowControlled_m_flow floMacSta(
redeclare package Medium =
Medium,
m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal,
use_inputFilter=false,
energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState),
redeclare Buildings.Fluid.Movers.FlowControlled_m_flow floMacDyn(
redeclare package Medium =
Medium,
m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal,
use_inputFilter=false,
energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.FixedInitial));
equation
connect(gain.y, floMacSta.m_flow_in);
connect(gain.y, floMacDyn.m_flow_in);
end FlowControlled_m_flow;
Power calculation comparison among three mover types, using Euler number computation for m_flow and dp
Information
This example is identical to
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.PowerSimplified,
except that the efficiency of the flow controlled pumps
pump_dp
and pump_m_flow
is estimated by using the Euler number and its correlation as implemented in
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.Euler.
The figure below shows the approximation error for the
power calculation where the speed y differs from
the nominal speed ynominal.
Extends from Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.PowerSimplified (Power calculation comparison among three mover types, using simplified power computation for m_flow and dp).
Parameters
Type | Name | Default | Description |
MassFlowRate | m_flow_nominal | 3 | Nominal mass flow rate [kg/s] |
Stratos30slash1to8 | per | | Pump performance data |
Generic | perPea | perPea(final powerOrEfficien... | Peak condition |
Modelica definition
model PowerEuler
extends Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.PowerSimplified(
pump_dp(per=perPea),
pump_m_flow(per=perPea));
parameter Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Data.Generic perPea(
final powerOrEfficiencyIsHydraulic=per.powerOrEfficiencyIsHydraulic,
final etaHydMet=
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.Types.HydraulicEfficiencyMethod.EulerNumber,
final etaMotMet=
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.Types.MotorEfficiencyMethod.NotProvided,
final peak=
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.Euler.getPeak(
pressure=per.pressure,
power=per.power))
;
end PowerEuler;
Power calculation comparison among three mover types, using exact power computation for m_flow and dp
Information
This example is identical to
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.PowerSimplified, except that the
performance data for the flow controlled pumps
pump_dp
and pump_m_flow
contain
the pressure curves and efficiency curves.
The plot below shows that this leads to a computation of the power consumption
that is identical to the one from the speed controlled pump pump_y
.
Extends from Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.PowerSimplified (Power calculation comparison among three mover types, using simplified power computation for m_flow and dp).
Parameters
Modelica definition
Power calculation comparison among three mover types, using simplified power computation for m_flow and dp
Information
This example compares the power consumed by pumps that
take three different control signals.
Each pump has identical mass flow rate and pressure rise.
Note that for the instances
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.FlowControlled_dp
and
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.FlowControlled_m_flow,
we had to assign the efficiencies (otherwise the default constant
efficiency of 0.7 would have been used).
In these models, the power consumption is computed
using similarity laws, but using the mass flow rate as opposed
to the speed, because speed is not known in these two models.
This is an approximation at operating points in which
the speed is different from the nominal speed y_nominal
because similarity laws are valid for speed and not for
mass flow rate.
The figure below shows the approximation error for the
power calculation where the speed y differs from
the nominal speed ynominal.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).
Parameters
Modelica definition
model PowerSimplified
extends Modelica.Icons.Example;
package Medium =
Buildings.Media.Water ;
parameter Modelica.Units.SI.MassFlowRate m_flow_nominal=3
;
parameter Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Data.Pumps.Wilo.Stratos30slash1to8 per
;
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_y pump_y(
redeclare package Medium = Medium,
per=per,
use_inputFilter=false,
energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyStateInitial)
;
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.FlowControlled_dp pump_dp(
redeclare package Medium = Medium,
redeclare Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Data.Pumps.Wilo.Stratos30slash1to8 per(
pressure(V_flow={0,0}, dp={0,0}),
etaHydMet=Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.Types.HydraulicEfficiencyMethod.Efficiency_VolumeFlowRate,
etaMotMet=Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.Types.MotorEfficiencyMethod.Efficiency_VolumeFlowRate,
efficiency(V_flow={0}, eta={0.3577})),
use_inputFilter=false,
m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal,
energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyStateInitial)
;
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.FlowControlled_m_flow pump_m_flow(
redeclare package Medium = Medium,
m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal,
redeclare Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Data.Pumps.Wilo.Stratos30slash1to8 per(
pressure(V_flow={0,0}, dp={0,0}),
etaHydMet=Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.Types.HydraulicEfficiencyMethod.Efficiency_VolumeFlowRate,
etaMotMet=Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.Types.MotorEfficiencyMethod.Efficiency_VolumeFlowRate,
efficiency(V_flow={0}, eta={0.3577})),
use_inputFilter=false,
energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyStateInitial)
;
Buildings.Fluid.Sources.Boundary_pT bou(
nPorts=3,
redeclare package Medium = Medium) ;
Buildings.Fluid.FixedResistances.PressureDrop[3] res(
redeclare each package Medium = Medium,
each m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal,
each dp_nominal=40000) ;
Buildings.Fluid.Sources.Boundary_pT sink(
nPorts=3,
redeclare package Medium = Medium);
Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Ramp y(
y(unit="1"),
duration=100,
startTime=10,
height=(3400 - 2400)/3040,
offset=2400/3040) ;
Modelica.Blocks.Sources.RealExpression dpSet(y=pump_y.port_b.p - pump_y.port_a.p)
;
Modelica.Blocks.Sources.RealExpression m_flowSet(y=pump_y.port_a.m_flow)
;
Modelica.Blocks.Routing.Multiplex3 result;
equation
connect(bou.ports[1], pump_y.port_a);
connect(pump_dp.port_a, bou.ports[2]);
connect(pump_m_flow.port_a, bou.ports[3]);
connect(pump_y.port_b, res[1].port_a);
connect(pump_dp.port_b, res[2].port_a);
connect(pump_m_flow.port_b, res[3].port_a);
connect(sink.ports[1:3], res.port_b);
connect(m_flowSet.y, pump_m_flow.m_flow_in);
connect(result.u1[1], pump_y.P);
connect(result.u2[1], pump_dp.P);
connect(result.u3[1], pump_m_flow.P);
connect(dpSet.y, pump_dp.dp_in);
connect(y.y, pump_y.y);
end PowerSimplified;
Displays the pressure curve of the mover
Information
This model validates the pressure curve that is specified in the instance per
and provided to the mover.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).
Parameters
Type | Name | Default | Description |
Density | rho_default | Medium.density_pTX(p=Medium.... | Default medium density [kg/m3] |
Generic | per | per(pressure(V_flow={0.94541... | Performance data |
Modelica definition
model PressureCurve
extends Modelica.Icons.Example;
package Medium =
Buildings.Media.Air ;
parameter Modelica.Units.SI.Density rho_default=
Medium.density_pTX(
p=Medium.p_default,
T=Medium.T_default,
X=Medium.X_default) ;
parameter Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Data.Generic per(
pressure(V_flow={0.945419103313839, 2.83300844704353, 4.71734892787522},
dp={ 3010.50788091068, 2632.22416812609, 830.122591943958}))
;
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_y mov(
redeclare final package Medium = Medium,
energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState,
per=per,
addPowerToMedium=false,
y_start=1) ;
Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Constant one(
final k=1) ;
Buildings.Fluid.Sources.MassFlowSource_T bou1(
redeclare final package Medium = Medium,
final use_m_flow_in=true,
nPorts=1) ;
Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Ramp ram(
height=per.V_flow_max*rho_default,
duration=1,
offset=0) ;
Buildings.Fluid.Sources.Boundary_pT bou2(
redeclare final package Medium = Medium,
nPorts=1) ;
equation
connect(one.y, mov.y);
connect(ram.y, bou1.m_flow_in);
connect(bou1.ports[1], mov.port_a);
connect(mov.port_b, bou2.ports[1]);
end PressureCurve;
Validation model that tests that the pump curve is properly extrapolated to V=0 and dp=0
Information
This example tests whether the construction of the pump curve is correct implemented
for the cases where no data point is given at zero head, zero mass flow rate, or both.
Each pump is identical, but different points on the pump curve are specified.
However, the pump curves are linear and hence, because the pump curves are linearly
extrapolated, all four pumps need to give the same flow rate.
Implementation
The pump curves are such that the protected parameter curve
of the pumps have different values. This then tests the correct extrapolation.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).
Parameters
Type | Name | Default | Description |
MassFlowRate | m_flow_nominal | 1 | Nominal mass flow rate at zero pump head [kg/s] |
VolumeFlowRate | V_flow_nominal | m_flow_nominal/1000 | Nominal mass flow rate at zero pump head [m3/s] |
PressureDifference | dp_nominal | 10000 | Nominal pump head at zero mass flow rate [Pa] |
Modelica definition
model PumpCurveConstruction
extends Modelica.Icons.Example;
package Medium =
Buildings.Media.Water ;
parameter Modelica.Units.SI.MassFlowRate m_flow_nominal=1
;
parameter Modelica.Units.SI.VolumeFlowRate V_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal/1000
;
parameter Modelica.Units.SI.PressureDifference dp_nominal=10000
;
Actuators.Valves.TwoWayLinear val1(
redeclare package Medium = Medium,
m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal,
use_inputFilter=false,
dpValve_nominal=dp_nominal/1000,
from_dp=false) ;
Sources.Boundary_pT sou(
redeclare package Medium = Medium,
use_p_in=false,
nPorts=8,
p=101325,
T=293.15) ;
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_y pum(
redeclare package Medium = Medium,
energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState,
use_inputFilter=false,
per(pressure(V_flow={0,0.5*V_flow_nominal,V_flow_nominal}, dp={dp_nominal,
0.5*dp_nominal,0})),
inputType=Buildings.Fluid.Types.InputType.Constant)
;
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_y pum_dp(
redeclare package Medium = Medium,
energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState,
use_inputFilter=false,
per(pressure(V_flow={0.5*V_flow_nominal,0.75*V_flow_nominal,V_flow_nominal},
dp={0.5*dp_nominal,0.25*dp_nominal,0})),
inputType=Buildings.Fluid.Types.InputType.Constant)
;
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_y pum_m_flow(
redeclare package Medium = Medium,
energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState,
use_inputFilter=false,
per(pressure(V_flow={0,0.25*V_flow_nominal,0.5*V_flow_nominal}, dp={
dp_nominal,0.75*dp_nominal,0.5*dp_nominal})),
inputType=Buildings.Fluid.Types.InputType.Constant)
;
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_y pum_no(
redeclare package Medium = Medium,
energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState,
use_inputFilter=false,
per(pressure(V_flow={0.25*V_flow_nominal,0.5*V_flow_nominal,0.75*
V_flow_nominal}, dp={0.75*dp_nominal,0.5*dp_nominal,0.25*dp_nominal})),
inputType=Buildings.Fluid.Types.InputType.Constant)
;
Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Ramp yVal(
duration=1,
offset=1,
height=-0.99) ;
Actuators.Valves.TwoWayLinear val2(
redeclare package Medium = Medium,
m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal,
use_inputFilter=false,
dpValve_nominal=dp_nominal/1000,
from_dp=false) ;
Actuators.Valves.TwoWayLinear val3(
redeclare package Medium = Medium,
m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal,
use_inputFilter=false,
dpValve_nominal=dp_nominal/1000,
from_dp=false) ;
Actuators.Valves.TwoWayLinear val4(
redeclare package Medium = Medium,
m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal,
use_inputFilter=false,
dpValve_nominal=dp_nominal/1000,
from_dp=false) ;
equation
connect(pum.port_a, val1.port_b);
connect(val1.port_a, sou.ports[1]);
connect(yVal.y, val1.y);
connect(pum_dp.port_a, val2.port_b);
connect(pum_m_flow.port_a, val3.port_b);
connect(sou.ports[2], val2.port_a);
connect(val3.port_a, sou.ports[3]);
connect(yVal.y, val2.y);
connect(yVal.y, val3.y);
connect(val4.port_a, sou.ports[4]);
connect(val4.port_b, pum_no.port_a);
connect(yVal.y, val4.y);
connect(pum_no.port_b, sou.ports[5]);
connect(pum_m_flow.port_b, sou.ports[6]);
connect(pum_dp.port_b, sou.ports[7]);
connect(pum.port_b, sou.ports[8]);
end PumpCurveConstruction;
Check for monotoneously increasing pump curve relations between y, dp and m_flow
Information
This example checks if the pump similarity law implementation results in
monotoneously increasing or decreasing relations between dp
,
m_flow
and y
.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).
Parameters
Modelica definition
model PumpCurveDerivatives
extends Modelica.Icons.Example;
package Medium =
Modelica.Media.Water.ConstantPropertyLiquidWater;
parameter Data.Pumps.Wilo.Stratos80slash1to12 per ;
Buildings.Fluid.Sources.Boundary_pT sou(
redeclare package Medium = Medium,
nPorts=2) ;
Buildings.Fluid.Sources.Boundary_pT sin(
redeclare package Medium =Medium,
nPorts=2) ;
Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Ramp m_flow(
height=60/3.6,
offset=0,
duration=1,
startTime=0) ;
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_y pump1(
y_start=1,
redeclare package Medium = Medium,
energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState,
per=per,
use_inputFilter=false) ;
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_y pump2(
y_start=1,
redeclare package Medium = Medium,
energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState,
per=per,
use_inputFilter=false) ;
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.FlowControlled_m_flow forcedPump1(
redeclare package Medium = Medium,
m_flow_nominal=3,
energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState,
use_inputFilter=false) ;
Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Constant y1(k=1000/2610) ;
Modelica.Blocks.Math.Min min1
;
Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Constant mMax_flow(k=40/3.6)
;
FixedResistances.PressureDrop res(
redeclare package Medium = Medium,
m_flow_nominal=40/3.6,
dp_nominal=7e4) ;
Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Ramp y2(
duration=1,
startTime=0,
height=100/2610,
offset=0) ;
Sensors.RelativePressure relPre(
redeclare package Medium =
Medium);
Modelica.Blocks.Continuous.Derivative ddp_dm_flow(
initType=Modelica.Blocks.Types.Init.InitialState,
x_start=-11502.5)
;
Buildings.Fluid.Sensors.RelativePressure relPre1(
redeclare package Medium = Medium);
Modelica.Blocks.Continuous.Derivative ddp_dy(initType=Modelica.Blocks.Types.Init.InitialState)
;
Sensors.MassFlowRate senMasFlo(
redeclare package Medium = Medium)
;
Modelica.Blocks.Continuous.Derivative dm_flow_dy(initType=Modelica.Blocks.Types.Init.InitialState)
;
equation
connect(sou.ports[1], pump1.port_a);
connect(forcedPump1.port_a, pump1.port_b);
connect(pump1.y, y1.y);
connect(pump2.port_a, sou.ports[2]);
connect(forcedPump1.m_flow_in, min1.y);
connect(min1.u1, m_flow.y);
connect(mMax_flow.y, min1.u2);
connect(forcedPump1.port_b, sin.ports[1]);
connect(res.port_b, sin.ports[2]);
connect(y2.y, pump2.y);
connect(ddp_dm_flow.u, relPre.p_rel);
connect(relPre1.port_b, pump2.port_a);
connect(relPre1.port_a, pump2.port_b);
connect(ddp_dy.u, relPre1.p_rel);
connect(senMasFlo.port_a, pump2.port_b);
connect(senMasFlo.port_b, res.port_a);
connect(senMasFlo.m_flow, dm_flow_dy.u);
connect(relPre.port_b, pump1.port_b);
connect(relPre.port_a, pump1.port_a);
end PumpCurveDerivatives;
Stratos pumps with speed as input
Information
This example demonstrates and tests the use of a flow machine that uses
a performance data from a Stratos pump.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples), Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.BaseClasses.FlowMachine_ZeroFlow (Base class to test flow machines with zero flow rate).
Parameters
Type | Name | Default | Description |
replaceable package Medium | Air | Medium model |
MassFlowRate | m_flow_nominal | floMacSta.per.pressure.V_flo... | Nominal mass flow rate [kg/s] |
PressureDifference | dp_nominal | floMacSta.per.pressure.dp[3]/2 | Nominal pressure difference [Pa] |
Stratos25slash1to6 | per | | |
Connectors
Type | Name | Description |
replaceable package Medium | Medium model |
Modelica definition
model Pump_stratos
extends Modelica.Icons.Example;
extends Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.BaseClasses.FlowMachine_ZeroFlow(
redeclare package Medium =
Buildings.Media.Water,
gain(k=1),
m_flow_nominal=floMacSta.per.pressure.V_flow[3]*1000,
dp_nominal=floMacSta.per.pressure.dp[3]/2,
redeclare Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_y floMacSta(
redeclare package Medium = Medium,
use_inputFilter=false,
per=per),
redeclare Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_y floMacDyn(
redeclare package Medium = Medium,
use_inputFilter=false,
per=per));
parameter Data.Pumps.Wilo.Stratos25slash1to6 per;
equation
connect(gain.y, floMacSta.y);
connect(gain.y, floMacDyn.y);
end Pump_stratos;
Model validation using a Wilo Stratos 80/1-12 pump
Information
This example provides a validation for the speed-controlled model.
A Wilo Stratos 80/1-12 pump is simulated for five different speeds for load
that changes with time.
The resulting curves for the pump head and mass flow rate are plotted
using colored lines over the pump data sheet.
The resulting figures are shown below.
Pump heads:
Pump electrical power:
The figures are adapted from the
Wilo Stratos 80/1-12 data sheet.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).
Parameters
Modelica definition
model Pump_y_stratos
extends Modelica.Icons.Example;
package Medium =
Modelica.Media.Water.ConstantPropertyLiquidWater;
parameter Data.Pumps.Wilo.Stratos80slash1to12 per ;
Buildings.Fluid.Sources.Boundary_pT sou(
redeclare package Medium = Medium,
nPorts=5) ;
Buildings.Fluid.Sources.Boundary_pT sin(
redeclare package Medium =Medium,
nPorts=5) ;
Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Ramp m_flow(
startTime=100,
duration=800,
height=60/3.6,
offset=0) ;
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_y pump1(
y_start=1,
redeclare package Medium = Medium,
energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState,
per=per) ;
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_y pump2(
y_start=1,
redeclare package Medium = Medium,
energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState,
per=per) ;
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_y pump3(
y_start=1,
redeclare package Medium = Medium,
energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState,
per=per) ;
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_y pump4(
y_start=1,
redeclare package Medium = Medium,
energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState,
per=per) ;
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_y pump5(
y_start=1,
redeclare package Medium = Medium,
energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState,
per=per) ;
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.FlowControlled_m_flow forcedPump1(
redeclare package
Medium = Medium, m_flow_nominal=3,
energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState)
;
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.FlowControlled_m_flow forcedPump2(
redeclare package
Medium = Medium, m_flow_nominal=3,
energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState)
;
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.FlowControlled_m_flow forcedPump3(
redeclare package
Medium = Medium, m_flow_nominal=3,
energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState)
;
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.FlowControlled_m_flow forcedPump4(
redeclare package
Medium = Medium, m_flow_nominal=3,
energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState)
;
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.FlowControlled_m_flow forcedPump5(
redeclare package
Medium = Medium, m_flow_nominal=3,
energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState)
;
Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Constant y1(k=2960/2610) ;
Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Constant y2(k=2610/2610) ;
Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Constant y3(k=1930/2610) ;
Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Constant y4(k=3300/2610) ;
Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Constant y5(k=900/2610) ;
Modelica.Blocks.Math.Min min1
;
Modelica.Blocks.Math.Min min2
;
Modelica.Blocks.Math.Min min3
;
Modelica.Blocks.Math.Min min4
;
Modelica.Blocks.Math.Min min5
;
Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Constant mMax_flow1(k=40/3.6)
;
Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Constant mMax_flow2(k=55/3.6)
;
Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Constant mMax_flow3(k=40/3.6)
;
Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Constant mMax_flow4(k=22/3.6)
;
Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Constant mMax_flow5(k=16/3.6)
;
equation
connect(sou.ports[1], pump1.port_a);
connect(forcedPump1.port_a, pump1.port_b);
connect(pump1.y, y1.y);
connect(pump2.port_a, sou.ports[2]);
connect(pump3.port_a, sou.ports[3]);
connect(pump4.port_a, sou.ports[4]);
connect(pump5.port_a, sou.ports[5]);
connect(pump2.port_b, forcedPump2.port_a);
connect(pump3.port_b, forcedPump3.port_a);
connect(pump4.port_b, forcedPump4.port_a);
connect(pump5.port_b, forcedPump5.port_a);
connect(y2.y, pump2.y);
connect(y3.y, pump3.y);
connect(y4.y, pump4.y);
connect(y5.y, pump5.y);
connect(forcedPump1.m_flow_in, min1.y);
connect(min1.u1, m_flow.y);
connect(min2.y, forcedPump2.m_flow_in);
connect(min2.u1, m_flow.y);
connect(min3.y, forcedPump3.m_flow_in);
connect(min5.y, forcedPump5.m_flow_in);
connect(min4.y, forcedPump4.m_flow_in);
connect(min3.u1, m_flow.y);
connect(min4.u1, m_flow.y);
connect(min5.u1, m_flow.y);
connect(mMax_flow1.y, min1.u2);
connect(mMax_flow2.y, min2.u2);
connect(min3.u2, mMax_flow3.y);
connect(mMax_flow4.y, min4.u2);
connect(mMax_flow5.y, min5.u2);
connect(forcedPump1.port_b, sin.ports[1]);
connect(forcedPump2.port_b, sin.ports[2]);
connect(forcedPump3.port_b, sin.ports[3]);
connect(forcedPump4.port_b, sin.ports[4]);
connect(forcedPump5.port_b, sin.ports[5]);
end Pump_y_stratos;
Fan with zero mass flow rate and control signal y as input
Information
This example demonstrates and tests the use of a flow machine whose mass flow rate is reduced to zero.
The fans have been configured as steady-state models.
This ensures that the actual speed is equal to the input signal.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples), Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.BaseClasses.FlowMachine_ZeroFlow (Base class to test flow machines with zero flow rate).
Parameters
Type | Name | Default | Description |
replaceable package Medium | Air | Medium model |
MassFlowRate | m_flow_nominal | 1 | Nominal mass flow rate [kg/s] |
PressureDifference | dp_nominal | 500 | Nominal pressure difference [Pa] |
Modelica definition
model SpeedControlled_y
extends Modelica.Icons.Example;
extends Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.BaseClasses.FlowMachine_ZeroFlow(
gain(k=1),
redeclare Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_y floMacSta(
redeclare package Medium =
Medium,
per(pressure(V_flow={0,m_flow_nominal,2*m_flow_nominal}/1.2,
dp={2*dp_nominal,dp_nominal,0})),
use_inputFilter=false,
energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState),
redeclare Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_y floMacDyn(
redeclare package Medium =
Medium,
per(pressure(V_flow={0,m_flow_nominal,2*m_flow_nominal}/1.2,
dp={2*dp_nominal,dp_nominal,0})),
use_inputFilter=false,
energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.FixedInitial));
equation
connect(gain.y, floMacDyn.y);
connect(gain.y, floMacSta.y);
end SpeedControlled_y;
Pump with linear characteristic for pressure vs. flow rate
Information
This example demonstrates and tests the use of a flow machine whose speed is reduced to zero.
In the top model, the pressure drop across the pump is constant, and in the bottom model,
the mass flow rate across the pump is constant.
In the top model, a small flow resistance has been added since a pump with zero speed cannot
produce a non-zero pressure raise. For this operating region, the pressure drop ensures that
the model is non-singular.
The fans have been configured as steady-state models.
This ensures that the actual speed is equal to the input signal.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).
Parameters
Modelica definition
model SpeedControlled_y_linear
extends Modelica.Icons.Example;
package Medium =
Buildings.Media.Water ;
parameter Modelica.Units.SI.MassFlowRate m_flow_nominal=0.5
;
parameter Modelica.Units.SI.PressureDifference dp_nominal=10000
;
Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Ramp y(
offset=1,
duration=0.5,
startTime=0.25,
height=-1) ;
Buildings.Fluid.Sources.Boundary_pT sou(
redeclare package Medium = Medium,
use_p_in=false,
p=300000,
T=293.15,
nPorts=1);
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_y pumFixDp(
redeclare package Medium = Medium,
energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState,
per(pressure(V_flow=2/1000*{0,m_flow_nominal}, dp={2*dp_nominal,0})),
use_inputFilter=false) ;
Buildings.Fluid.Sources.Boundary_pT sou1(
redeclare package Medium = Medium,
use_p_in=false,
p(displayUnit="Pa") = 300000 + 0.01*dp_nominal,
T=293.15,
nPorts=1);
Buildings.Fluid.FixedResistances.PressureDrop dp1(
redeclare package Medium = Medium,
m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal,
dp_nominal=0.01*dp_nominal) ;
Buildings.Fluid.Sources.MassFlowSource_T sou2(
redeclare package Medium = Medium,
nPorts=1,
m_flow=m_flow_nominal*0.01,
T=293.15);
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_y pumFixM_flow(
redeclare package Medium = Medium,
energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState,
per(pressure(V_flow=2/1000*{0,m_flow_nominal}, dp={2*dp_nominal,0})),
use_inputFilter=false) ;
Buildings.Fluid.Sources.Boundary_pT sou3(
redeclare package Medium = Medium,
use_p_in=false,
p(displayUnit="Pa") = 300000 + 0.01*dp_nominal,
T=293.15,
nPorts=1);
equation
connect(pumFixDp.port_b, sou1.ports[1]);
connect(dp1.port_b, pumFixDp.port_a);
connect(dp1.port_a, sou.ports[1]);
connect(pumFixM_flow.port_b, sou3.ports[1]);
connect(sou2.ports[1], pumFixM_flow.port_a);
connect(y.y, pumFixDp.y);
connect(y.y, pumFixM_flow.y);
end SpeedControlled_y_linear;