Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Examples.DCMachines

Test examples of DC machines

Information

This package contains test examples of DC machines.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.ExamplesPackage (Icon for packages containing runnable examples).

Package Content

Name Description

DCPM_Start Test example: DC with permanent magnet starting with voltage ramp

DCEE_Start Test example: DC with electrical ecxitation starting with voltage ramp

DCSE_Start Test example: DC with serial excitation starting with voltage ramp

DCSE_SinglePhase Test example: DC with serial excitation starting with voltage ramp

DCPM_Temperature Test example: Investigate temperature dependecy of a DCPM motor

DCPM_Cooling Test example: Cooling of a DCPM motor

DCPM_QuasiStationary Test example: Compare DCPM motors transient - quasistationary

DCPM_withLosses Test example: Investigate influence of losses on DCPM motor performance

Name	Description
DCPM_Start	Test example: DC with permanent magnet starting with voltage ramp
DCEE_Start	Test example: DC with electrical ecxitation starting with voltage ramp
DCSE_Start	Test example: DC with serial excitation starting with voltage ramp
DCSE_SinglePhase	Test example: DC with serial excitation starting with voltage ramp
DCPM_Temperature	Test example: Investigate temperature dependecy of a DCPM motor
DCPM_Cooling	Test example: Cooling of a DCPM motor
DCPM_QuasiStationary	Test example: Compare DCPM motors transient - quasistationary
DCPM_withLosses	Test example: Investigate influence of losses on DCPM motor performance

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Examples.DCMachines.DCPM_Start

Test example: DC with permanent magnet starting with voltage ramp

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Examples.DCMachines.DCPM_Start

Information

Test example: Permanent magnet DC machine started with an armature voltage ramp
A voltage ramp is applied to the armature, causing the DC machine to start, and accelerating inertias.
At time tStep a load step is applied.
Simulate for 2 seconds and plot (versus time):

dcpm.ia: armature current
dcpm.wMechanical: motor's speed
dcpm.tauElectrical: motor's torque

Default machine parameters of model DC_PermanentMagnet are used.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Parameters

Type Name Default Description

Voltage Va 100 Actual armature voltage [V]

Time tStart 0.2 Start of armature voltage ramp [s]

Time tRamp 0.8 Armature voltage ramp [s]

Torque TLoad 63.66 Nominal load torque [N.m]

Time tStep 1.5 Time of load torque step [s]

Inertia JLoad 0.15 Load's moment of inertia [kg.m2]

Type	Name	Default	Description
Voltage	Va	100	Actual armature voltage [V]
Time	tStart	0.2	Start of armature voltage ramp [s]
Time	tRamp	0.8	Armature voltage ramp [s]
Torque	TLoad	63.66	Nominal load torque [N.m]
Time	tStep	1.5	Time of load torque step [s]
Inertia	JLoad	0.15	Load's moment of inertia [kg.m2]

Modelica definition

model DCPM_Start 
  "Test example: DC with permanent magnet starting with voltage ramp"
  extends Modelica.Icons.Example;
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Voltage Va=100 "Actual armature voltage";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Time tStart=0.2 "Start of armature voltage ramp";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Time tRamp=0.8 "Armature voltage ramp";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Torque TLoad=63.66 "Nominal load torque";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Time tStep=1.5 "Time of load torque step";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Inertia JLoad=0.15 "Load's moment of inertia";

  Machines.BasicMachines.DCMachines.DC_PermanentMagnet dcpm;
  Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Ramp ramp(
    duration=tRamp,
    height=Va,
    startTime=tStart);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.SignalVoltage signalVoltage;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground ground;
  Modelica.Mechanics.Rotational.Components.Inertia loadInertia(
                                                    J=JLoad);
  Modelica.Mechanics.Rotational.Sources.TorqueStep loadTorqueStep(
                                                          startTime=tStep,
      stepTorque=-TLoad,
    useSupport=false);
equation 
  connect(ramp.y, signalVoltage.v);
  connect(signalVoltage.p, dcpm.pin_ap);
  connect(signalVoltage.n, ground.p);
  connect(dcpm.pin_an, signalVoltage.n);
  connect(loadInertia.flange_b, loadTorqueStep.flange);
  connect(dcpm.flange, loadInertia.flange_a);
end DCPM_Start;

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Examples.DCMachines.DCEE_Start

Test example: DC with electrical ecxitation starting with voltage ramp

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Examples.DCMachines.DCEE_Start

Information

Test example: Electrically separate excited DC machine started with an armature voltage ramp
A voltage ramp is applied to the armature, causing the DC machine to start, and accelerating inertias.
At time tStep a load step is applied.
Simulate for 2 seconds and plot (versus time):

dcee.ia: armature current
dcee.wMechanical: motor's speed
dcee.tauElectrical: motor's torque
dcee.ie: excitation current

Default machine parameters of model DC_ElectricalExcited are used.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Parameters

Type Name Default Description

Voltage Va 100 Actual armature voltage [V]

Time tStart 0.2 Start of armature voltage ramp [s]

Time tRamp 0.8 Armature voltage ramp [s]

Voltage Ve 100 Actual excitation voltage [V]

Torque TLoad 63.66 Nominal load torque [N.m]

Time tStep 1.5 Time of load torque step [s]

Inertia JLoad 0.15 Load's moment of inertia [kg.m2]

Type	Name	Default	Description
Voltage	Va	100	Actual armature voltage [V]
Time	tStart	0.2	Start of armature voltage ramp [s]
Time	tRamp	0.8	Armature voltage ramp [s]
Voltage	Ve	100	Actual excitation voltage [V]
Torque	TLoad	63.66	Nominal load torque [N.m]
Time	tStep	1.5	Time of load torque step [s]
Inertia	JLoad	0.15	Load's moment of inertia [kg.m2]

Modelica definition

model DCEE_Start 
  "Test example: DC with electrical ecxitation starting with voltage ramp"
  extends Modelica.Icons.Example;
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Voltage Va=100 "Actual armature voltage";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Time tStart=0.2 "Start of armature voltage ramp";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Time tRamp=0.8 "Armature voltage ramp";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Voltage Ve=100 "Actual excitation voltage";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Torque TLoad=63.66 "Nominal load torque";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Time tStep=1.5 "Time of load torque step";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Inertia JLoad=0.15 "Load's moment of inertia";

  Machines.BasicMachines.DCMachines.DC_ElectricalExcited dcee;
  Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Ramp ramp(
    duration=tRamp,
    height=Va,
    startTime=tStart);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.SignalVoltage signalVoltage;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground ground;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.ConstantVoltage constantVoltage(V=Ve);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground groundExcitation;
  Modelica.Mechanics.Rotational.Components.Inertia loadInertia(
                                                    J=JLoad);
  Modelica.Mechanics.Rotational.Sources.TorqueStep loadTorqueStep(
                                                          startTime=tStep,
      stepTorque=-TLoad,
    useSupport=false);
equation 
  connect(ramp.y, signalVoltage.v);
  connect(signalVoltage.p, dcee.pin_ap);
  connect(signalVoltage.n, ground.p);
  connect(dcee.pin_an, ground.p);
  connect(constantVoltage.n, groundExcitation.p);
  connect(dcee.pin_ep, constantVoltage.p);
  connect(dcee.pin_en, constantVoltage.n);
  connect(loadInertia.flange_b, loadTorqueStep.flange);
  connect(dcee.flange, loadInertia.flange_a);
end DCEE_Start;

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Examples.DCMachines.DCSE_Start

Test example: DC with serial excitation starting with voltage ramp

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Examples.DCMachines.DCSE_Start

Information

Test example: Series excited DC machine started with a series resistor
At constant source voltage, a series resistor limiting the armature current, is reduced according to a ramp, causing the DC machine to start, and accelerating inertias against load torque quadratic dependent on speed, finally reaching nominal speed.
Simulate for 2 seconds and plot (versus time):

dcse.ia: armature current
dcse.wMechanical: motor's speed
dcse.tauElectrical: motor's torque

Default machine parameters of model DC_SeriesExcited are used.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Parameters

Type Name Default Description

Voltage Va 100 Actual armature voltage [V]

Time tStart 0.1 Start of resistance ramp [s]

Time tRamp 0.9 Resistance ramp [s]

Torque TLoad 63.66 Nominal load torque [N.m]

AngularVelocity wLoad 1410*2*Modelica.Constants.pi... Nominal load speed [rad/s]

Inertia JLoad 0.15 Load's moment of inertia [kg.m2]

Type	Name	Default	Description
Voltage	Va	100	Actual armature voltage [V]
Time	tStart	0.1	Start of resistance ramp [s]
Time	tRamp	0.9	Resistance ramp [s]
Torque	TLoad	63.66	Nominal load torque [N.m]
AngularVelocity	wLoad	14102Modelica.Constants.pi...	Nominal load speed [rad/s]
Inertia	JLoad	0.15	Load's moment of inertia [kg.m2]

Modelica definition

model DCSE_Start 
  "Test example: DC with serial excitation starting with voltage ramp"
  extends Modelica.Icons.Example;
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Voltage Va=100 "Actual armature voltage";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Time tStart=0.1 "Start of resistance ramp";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Time tRamp=0.9 "Resistance ramp";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Torque TLoad=63.66 "Nominal load torque";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.AngularVelocity wLoad(displayUnit="1/min")=1410*2*Modelica.Constants.pi/60 
    "Nominal load speed";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Inertia JLoad=0.15 "Load's moment of inertia";

  Machines.BasicMachines.DCMachines.DC_SeriesExcited dcse;
  Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Ramp ramp(
    duration=tRamp,
    startTime=tStart,
    height=-1,
    offset=1);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.ConstantVoltage constantVoltage(V=Va);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground ground;
  Modelica.Mechanics.Rotational.Components.Inertia loadInertia(
                                                    J=JLoad);
  Modelica.Mechanics.Rotational.Sources.QuadraticSpeedDependentTorque
    quadraticLoadTorque(
    w_nominal=wLoad,
    TorqueDirection=false,
    tau_nominal=-TLoad,
    useSupport=false);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.VariableResistor variableResistor;
equation 
  connect(constantVoltage.n, ground.p);
  connect(loadInertia.flange_b, quadraticLoadTorque.flange);
  connect(dcse.pin_an, dcse.pin_ep);
  connect(dcse.pin_en, constantVoltage.n);
  connect(dcse.flange, loadInertia.flange_a);
  connect(constantVoltage.p, variableResistor.p);
  connect(variableResistor.n, dcse.pin_ap);
  connect(ramp.y, variableResistor.R);
end DCSE_Start;

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Examples.DCMachines.DCSE_SinglePhase

Test example: DC with serial excitation starting with voltage ramp

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Examples.DCMachines.DCSE_SinglePhase

Information

Test example: Series excited DC machine at singlephase AC voltage started with a series resistor
At sinusoidal source voltage, a series resistor limiting the armature current, is reduced according to a ramp, causing the DC machine to start, and accelerating inertias against load torque quadratic dependent on speed, finally reaching nominal speed.
Simulate for 2 seconds and plot (versus time):

dcse.ia: armature current
dcse.wMechanical: motor's speed
dcse.tauElectrical: motor's torque

Default machine parameters of model DC_SeriesExcited are used.
Note:
Since both the field and the armature current are sinusoidal, the waveform of the torque is the square of sine. Due to the additional inductive voltage drops, output of the motor is lower, compared to the same motor (DCSE_Start) at DC voltage.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Parameters

Type Name Default Description

Voltage Va 100 Actual armature voltage RMS [V]

Time tStart 0.1 Start of resistance ramp [s]

Time tRamp 0.9 Resistance ramp [s]

Torque TLoad 63.66 Nominal load torque [N.m]

AngularVelocity wLoad 1410*2*Modelica.Constants.pi... Nominal load speed [rad/s]

Inertia JLoad 0.15 Load's moment of inertia [kg.m2]

Type	Name	Default	Description
Voltage	Va	100	Actual armature voltage RMS [V]
Time	tStart	0.1	Start of resistance ramp [s]
Time	tRamp	0.9	Resistance ramp [s]
Torque	TLoad	63.66	Nominal load torque [N.m]
AngularVelocity	wLoad	14102Modelica.Constants.pi...	Nominal load speed [rad/s]
Inertia	JLoad	0.15	Load's moment of inertia [kg.m2]

Modelica definition

model DCSE_SinglePhase 
  "Test example: DC with serial excitation starting with voltage ramp"
  extends Modelica.Icons.Example;
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Voltage Va=100 "Actual armature voltage RMS";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Time tStart=0.1 "Start of resistance ramp";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Time tRamp=0.9 "Resistance ramp";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Torque TLoad=63.66 "Nominal load torque";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.AngularVelocity wLoad(displayUnit="1/min")=1410*2*Modelica.Constants.pi/60 
    "Nominal load speed";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Inertia JLoad=0.15 "Load's moment of inertia";

  Machines.BasicMachines.DCMachines.DC_SeriesExcited dcse;
  Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Ramp ramp(
    duration=tRamp,
    startTime=tStart,
    height=-1,
    offset=1);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.SineVoltage constantVoltage(V=sqrt(2)*Va, freqHz=50);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground ground;
  Modelica.Mechanics.Rotational.Components.Inertia loadInertia(
                                                    J=JLoad);
  Modelica.Mechanics.Rotational.Sources.QuadraticSpeedDependentTorque
    quadraticLoadTorque(
    w_nominal=wLoad,
    TorqueDirection=false,
    tau_nominal=-TLoad,
    useSupport=false);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.VariableResistor variableResistor;
equation 
  connect(constantVoltage.n, ground.p);
  connect(loadInertia.flange_b, quadraticLoadTorque.flange);
  connect(dcse.pin_an, dcse.pin_ep);
  connect(dcse.pin_en, constantVoltage.n);
  connect(dcse.flange, loadInertia.flange_a);
  connect(constantVoltage.p, variableResistor.p);
  connect(variableResistor.n, dcse.pin_ap);
  connect(ramp.y, variableResistor.R);
end DCSE_SinglePhase;

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Examples.DCMachines.DCPM_Temperature

Test example: Investigate temperature dependecy of a DCPM motor

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Examples.DCMachines.DCPM_Temperature

Information

Test example: Investigate influence of armature temperature on a DCPM motor
The motor starts at no-load speed, then a load step is applied.
Beginning with the load step, the armature temperature rises exponentially from 20 degC to 80 degC.
Simulate for 3 seconds and plot (versus time):

dcpm.ia: armature current
dcpm.wMechanical: motor's speed
dcpm.tauElectrical: motor's torque
thermalAmbientDCPM.Q_flow_a: motor's armature losses

Default machine parameters are used, but:

The aramature winding material is set to Copper.
Armature reference temperature is set to 80 degC.
Nominal armature temperature is set to 80 degC.

So the machine is at the beginning in cold condition, ending in warm condition (with the same armature resistance as the unmodified machine).

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
Voltage	Va	100	Actual armature voltage [V]
Voltage	Ve	100	Actual excitation voltage [V]
AngularVelocity	w0	Modelica.SIunits.Conversions...	No-load speed [rad/s]
Torque	TLoad	63.66	Nominal load torque [N.m]
Inertia	JLoad	0.15	Load's moment of inertia [kg.m2]

Modelica definition

model DCPM_Temperature 
  "Test example: Investigate temperature dependecy of a DCPM motor"
  extends Modelica.Icons.Example;
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Voltage Va=100 "Actual armature voltage";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Voltage Ve=100 "Actual excitation voltage";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.AngularVelocity w0=Modelica.SIunits.Conversions.from_rpm(1500) 
    "No-load speed";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Torque TLoad=63.66 "Nominal load torque";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Inertia JLoad=0.15 "Load's moment of inertia";

  Machines.BasicMachines.DCMachines.DC_PermanentMagnet dcpm(           wMechanical(start=
         w0, fixed=true),
    alpha20a(displayUnit="1/K") = Machines.Thermal.Constants.alpha20Copper,
    useThermalPort=true,
    TaNominal=353.15,
    TaRef=353.15);

  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.ConstantVoltage armatureVoltage(V=Va);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground groundArmature;
  Modelica.Mechanics.Rotational.Components.Inertia loadInertia(J=JLoad);
  Modelica.Mechanics.Rotational.Sources.TorqueStep loadTorque(
    useSupport=false,
    stepTorque=-TLoad,
    offsetTorque=0,
    startTime=0.1);
  Machines.Thermal.DCMachines.ThermalAmbientDCPM thermalAmbientDCPM(useTemperatureInputs=true);
  Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Exponentials exponential(
    offset=293.15,
    outMax=60,
    riseTime=3600,
    riseTimeConst=0.5,
    fallTimeConst=0.5,
    startTime=0.1);
  Blocks.Sources.Constant const(k=293.15);
equation 
  connect(loadInertia.flange_b, loadTorque.flange);
  connect(dcpm.flange, loadInertia.flange_a);

  connect(armatureVoltage.n, groundArmature.p);
  connect(armatureVoltage.p,dcpm. pin_ap);
  connect(armatureVoltage.n,dcpm. pin_an);
  connect(exponential.y, thermalAmbientDCPM.TArmature);
  connect(const.y, thermalAmbientDCPM.TPermanentMagnet);
  connect(dcpm.thermalPort, thermalAmbientDCPM.thermalPort);
end DCPM_Temperature;

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Examples.DCMachines.DCPM_Cooling

Test example: Cooling of a DCPM motor

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Examples.DCMachines.DCPM_Cooling

Information

Test example: Demonstrate cooling of a DCPM motor
The motor starts at no-load speed, then load pulses are applied.
The cooling circuit consists of armature's thermal capacitance, a thermal conductance between armature and core, core's thermal capacitance and a thermal conductance between core and coolant. The coolant flow circuit consists of inlet, volume flow, a pipe connected to the core and the outlet.
Please note:

All unused heat ports of the thermal port (i.e., without loss sources in the machine: brush, stray, friction, permanent magnet) have to be connected to a constant temperature source.
The thermal capacitances (i.e., time constants) are unusual small to provide short simulation time!
The coolant is a theoretical coolant with specific mass = 1 kg/m3 and cp = 1 J/kg.K.
The thermal conductances as well as the coolant flow are parametrized such way, that:

the total coolant's temperature rise is 10 K (over coolant inlet)
the core's temperature rise is 27.5 K (over coolant's average temperature between inlet and outlet)
the armature's temperature rise is 55 K (over coolant's average temperature between inlet and outlet)

Simulate for 25 seconds and plot (versus time):

armature.T: armature temperature
core.T: core temperature
cooling.T: coolant temperature at outlet

Therefore the armature temperature would reach nominal armature temperature at constant nominal load.
Default machine parameters are used, but:

The aramature winding material is set to Copper.
Armature reference temperature is set to 80 degC.
Nominal armature temperature is set to 80 degC.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Parameters

Type Name Default Description

Voltage Va 100 Actual armature voltage [V]

Voltage Ve 100 Actual excitation voltage [V]

AngularVelocity w0 Modelica.SIunits.Conversions... No-load speed [rad/s]

Torque TLoad 63.66 Nominal load torque [N.m]

Inertia JLoad 0.15 Load's moment of inertia [kg.m2]

Temperature TAmbient 293.15 Ambient temperature [K]

HeatCapacity Ca 20 Armature's heat capacity [J/K]

HeatCapacity Cc 50 Core's heat capacity [J/K]

ThermalConductance G_armature_core 2*Losses/dTArmature Heat conductance armature - core [W/K]

ThermalConductance G_core_cooling 2*Losses/dTArmature Heat conductance core - cooling [W/K]

VolumeFlowRate CoolantFlow 50 Coolant flow [m3/s]

Type	Name	Default	Description
Voltage	Va	100	Actual armature voltage [V]
Voltage	Ve	100	Actual excitation voltage [V]
AngularVelocity	w0	Modelica.SIunits.Conversions...	No-load speed [rad/s]
Torque	TLoad	63.66	Nominal load torque [N.m]
Inertia	JLoad	0.15	Load's moment of inertia [kg.m2]
Temperature	TAmbient	293.15	Ambient temperature [K]
HeatCapacity	Ca	20	Armature's heat capacity [J/K]
HeatCapacity	Cc	50	Core's heat capacity [J/K]
ThermalConductance	G_armature_core	2*Losses/dTArmature	Heat conductance armature - core [W/K]
ThermalConductance	G_core_cooling	2*Losses/dTArmature	Heat conductance core - cooling [W/K]
VolumeFlowRate	CoolantFlow	50	Coolant flow [m3/s]

Modelica definition

model DCPM_Cooling "Test example: Cooling of a DCPM motor"
  extends Modelica.Icons.Example;
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Voltage Va=100 "Actual armature voltage";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Voltage Ve=100 "Actual excitation voltage";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.AngularVelocity w0=Modelica.SIunits.Conversions.from_rpm(1500) 
    "No-load speed";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Torque TLoad=63.66 "Nominal load torque";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Inertia JLoad=0.15 "Load's moment of inertia";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Temperature TAmbient=293.15 "Ambient temperature";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.HeatCapacity Ca=20 "Armature's heat capacity";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.HeatCapacity Cc=50 "Core's heat capacity";
  final parameter Modelica.SIunits.Power Losses=dcpm.Ra*dcpm.IaNominal^2 
    "Nominal Losses";
  final parameter Modelica.SIunits.Temperature T0=293.15 
    "Reference temperature 20 degC";
  final parameter Modelica.SIunits.TemperatureDifference dTCoolant=10 
    "Coolant's temperature rise";
  final parameter Modelica.SIunits.TemperatureDifference dTArmature=dcpm.TaNominal-T0-dTCoolant/2 
    "Armature's temperature rise over coolant";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.ThermalConductance G_armature_core=2*Losses/dTArmature 
    "Heat conductance armature - core";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.ThermalConductance G_core_cooling=2*Losses/dTArmature 
    "Heat conductance core - cooling";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.VolumeFlowRate CoolantFlow=50 "Coolant flow";
  Machines.BasicMachines.DCMachines.DC_PermanentMagnet dcpm(
    wMechanical(start=w0, fixed=true),
    alpha20a(displayUnit="1/K") = Machines.Thermal.Constants.alpha20Copper,
    useThermalPort=true,
    TaNominal=353.15,
    TaRef=353.15);

  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.ConstantVoltage armatureVoltage(V=Va);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground groundArmature;
  Modelica.Mechanics.Rotational.Components.Inertia loadInertia(J=JLoad);
  Modelica.Mechanics.Rotational.Sources.Torque loadTorque(
    useSupport=false);
  Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Pulse pulse(
    amplitude=-1.5*TLoad,
    offset=0,
    period=1);
  Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Components.HeatCapacitor armature(C=Ca, T(start=
         TAmbient, fixed=true));
  Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Components.ThermalConductor armatureCore(G=
        G_armature_core);
  Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Components.HeatCapacitor core(C=Cc, T(start=
          TAmbient, fixed=true));
  Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Components.ThermalConductor coreCooling(G=
        G_core_cooling);
  Modelica.Thermal.FluidHeatFlow.Sources.Ambient inlet(
      constantAmbientTemperature=TAmbient);
  Modelica.Thermal.FluidHeatFlow.Sources.VolumeFlow volumeFlow(
                           T0=TAmbient, constantVolumeFlow=CoolantFlow);
  Modelica.Thermal.FluidHeatFlow.Components.HeatedPipe cooling(tapT=0.5, T0=
        TAmbient);
  Modelica.Thermal.FluidHeatFlow.Sources.Ambient outlet(
      constantAmbientTemperature=TAmbient);
  Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Sources.FixedTemperature fixedTemperature(T=
        TAmbient);
protected 
  Machines.Interfaces.DCMachines.ThermalPortDCPM thermalPort;
equation 
  connect(loadInertia.flange_b, loadTorque.flange);
  connect(dcpm.flange, loadInertia.flange_a);

  connect(armatureVoltage.n, groundArmature.p);
  connect(armatureVoltage.p,dcpm. pin_ap);
  connect(armatureVoltage.n,dcpm. pin_an);
  connect(armature.port, armatureCore.port_a);
  connect(armatureCore.port_b, core.port);
  connect(core.port, coreCooling.port_a);
  connect(pulse.y, loadTorque.tau);
  connect(coreCooling.port_b, cooling.heatPort);
  connect(cooling.flowPort_b, outlet.flowPort);
  connect(inlet.flowPort, volumeFlow.flowPort_a);
  connect(volumeFlow.flowPort_b, cooling.flowPort_a);
  connect(dcpm.thermalPort, thermalPort);
  connect(armature.port, thermalPort.heatPortArmature);
  connect(core.port, thermalPort.heatPortCore);
  connect(fixedTemperature.port, thermalPort.heatPortStrayLoad);
  connect(fixedTemperature.port, thermalPort.heatPortFriction);
  connect(fixedTemperature.port, thermalPort.heatPortBrush);
  connect(fixedTemperature.port, thermalPort.heatPortPermanentMagnet);
end DCPM_Cooling;

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Examples.DCMachines.DCPM_QuasiStationary

Test example: Compare DCPM motors transient - quasistationary

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Examples.DCMachines.DCPM_QuasiStationary

Information

Test example: Compare DCPM motors transient and quasistationary
The motors start at no-load speed, then load pulses are applied.
Simulate for 2 seconds and plot (versus time):

dcpm1.ia: armature current of transient model
dcpm1.wMechanical: motor's speed of transient model
dcpm1.tauElectrical: motor's torque of transient model
dcpm2.ia: armature current of quasistationary model
dcpm2.wMechanical: motor's speed of quasistationary model
dcpm2.tauElectrical: motor's torque of quasistationary model

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
Voltage	Va	100	Actual armature voltage [V]
Voltage	Ve	100	Actual excitation voltage [V]
AngularVelocity	w0	Modelica.SIunits.Conversions...	No-load speed [rad/s]
Torque	TLoad	63.66	Nominal load torque [N.m]
Inertia	JLoad	0.15	Load's moment of inertia [kg.m2]

Modelica definition

model DCPM_QuasiStationary 
  "Test example: Compare DCPM motors transient - quasistationary"
  extends Modelica.Icons.Example;
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Voltage Va=100 "Actual armature voltage";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Voltage Ve=100 "Actual excitation voltage";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.AngularVelocity w0=Modelica.SIunits.Conversions.from_rpm(1500) 
    "No-load speed";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Torque TLoad=63.66 "Nominal load torque";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Inertia JLoad=0.15 "Load's moment of inertia";
  Machines.BasicMachines.DCMachines.DC_PermanentMagnet dcpm1(
          wMechanical(start=w0, fixed=true), alpha20a(displayUnit="1/K"));

  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.ConstantVoltage armatureVoltage(V=Va);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground groundArmature;
  Modelica.Mechanics.Rotational.Components.Inertia loadInertia1(J=JLoad);
  Modelica.Mechanics.Rotational.Sources.Torque loadTorque1(useSupport=false);
  Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Pulse pulse(
    amplitude=-1.5*TLoad,
    offset=0,
    period=1);
  Machines.BasicMachines.QuasiStationaryDCMachines.DC_PermanentMagnet
    dcpm2(wMechanical(start=w0, fixed=true), alpha20a(displayUnit="1/K"));
  Modelica.Mechanics.Rotational.Components.Inertia loadInertia2(J=JLoad);
  Modelica.Mechanics.Rotational.Sources.Torque loadTorque2(useSupport=false);
equation 
  connect(loadInertia1.flange_b, loadTorque1.flange);
  connect(dcpm1.flange, loadInertia1.flange_a);

  connect(armatureVoltage.n, groundArmature.p);
  connect(armatureVoltage.p, dcpm1.pin_ap);
  connect(armatureVoltage.n, dcpm1.pin_an);
  connect(pulse.y, loadTorque1.tau);
  connect(loadInertia2.flange_b,loadTorque2. flange);
  connect(dcpm2.flange,loadInertia2. flange_a);
  connect(pulse.y, loadTorque2.tau);
  connect(armatureVoltage.p, dcpm2.pin_ap);
  connect(armatureVoltage.n, dcpm2.pin_an);
end DCPM_QuasiStationary;

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Examples.DCMachines.DCPM_withLosses

Test example: Investigate influence of losses on DCPM motor performance

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Examples.DCMachines.DCPM_withLosses

Information

Test example: Investigate influence of losses on DCPM motor performance
Both motors are started with a voltage ramp applied to the armature, causing the DC machines to start, and accelerating inertias. Both machines are loading with a quadratic speed depenedent load torque.
The first machine dcpm1 uses default machine parameters of model DC_PermanentMagnet, the second machine dcpm2 is parametrized with additional losses:

	dcpm1	dcpm2
Armature voltage	100	100	V
Armature current	100	100	A
Inner voltage	95.0	94.5	V
Nominal speed	1425.0	1417.5	rpm
Armature resistance	0.05000	0.03864	Ohm
Temperature coefficient	n/a	0.00392	1/K
Reference temperature	n/a	20	degC
Operation temperature	n/a	95	degC
Brush voltage drop	n/a	0.5	V
Electrical input	10,000	10,000	W
Armature copper losses	500	500	W
Core losses	n/a	200	W
Stray load losses	n/a	50	W
Friction losses	n/a	100	W
Brush losses	n/a	50	W
Mechanical output	9,500	9,100	W
Nominal torque	63,66	61,30	Nm

Note: The reference values (voltage, current, speed) are already propagated to the loss records, using the nominal operation point.
See:
Anton Haumer, Christian Kral, Hansjörg Kapeller, Thomas Bäuml, Johannes V. Gragger
The AdvancedMachines Library: Loss Models for Electric Machines
Modelica 2009, 7^th International Modelica Conference

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Parameters

Type Name Default Description

Voltage Va 100 Actual armature voltage [V]

Time tStart 0.2 Start of armature voltage ramp [s]

Time tRamp 0.8 Armature voltage ramp [s]

Torque TLoad1 63.66 Nominal load torque [N.m]

AngularVelocity wLoad1 1425*2*pi/60 Nominal load speed [rad/s]

Torque TLoad2 61.30 Nominal load torque [N.m]

AngularVelocity wLoad2 1417.5*2*pi/60 Nominal load speed [rad/s]

Inertia JLoad 0.15 Load's moment of inertia [kg.m2]

Type	Name	Default	Description
Voltage	Va	100	Actual armature voltage [V]
Time	tStart	0.2	Start of armature voltage ramp [s]
Time	tRamp	0.8	Armature voltage ramp [s]
Torque	TLoad1	63.66	Nominal load torque [N.m]
AngularVelocity	wLoad1	14252pi/60	Nominal load speed [rad/s]
Torque	TLoad2	61.30	Nominal load torque [N.m]
AngularVelocity	wLoad2	1417.52pi/60	Nominal load speed [rad/s]
Inertia	JLoad	0.15	Load's moment of inertia [kg.m2]

Modelica definition

model DCPM_withLosses 
  "Test example: Investigate influence of losses on DCPM motor performance"
  extends Modelica.Icons.Example;
  import Modelica.Constants.pi;
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Voltage Va=100 "Actual armature voltage";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Time tStart=0.2 "Start of armature voltage ramp";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Time tRamp=0.8 "Armature voltage ramp";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Torque TLoad1=63.66 "Nominal load torque";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.AngularVelocity wLoad1=1425*2*pi/60 
    "Nominal load speed";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Torque TLoad2=61.30 "Nominal load torque";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.AngularVelocity wLoad2=1417.5*2*pi/60 
    "Nominal load speed";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Inertia JLoad=0.15 "Load's moment of inertia";

  Machines.BasicMachines.DCMachines.DC_PermanentMagnet dcpm1;
  Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Ramp ramp(
    duration=tRamp,
    height=Va,
    startTime=tStart);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.SignalVoltage signalVoltage;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground ground;
  Modelica.Mechanics.Rotational.Components.Inertia loadInertia1(J=JLoad);
  Modelica.Mechanics.Rotational.Sources.QuadraticSpeedDependentTorque
    loadTorque1(
      useSupport=false,
    tau_nominal=-TLoad1,
    TorqueDirection=false,
    w_nominal=wLoad1);
  Machines.BasicMachines.DCMachines.DC_PermanentMagnet dcpm2(
    frictionParameters(PRef=100),
    alpha20a(displayUnit="1/K") = Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Thermal.Constants.alpha20Copper,
    coreParameters(PRef=200),
    strayLoadParameters(PRef=50),
    brushParameters(V=0.5),
    TaOperational=368.15,
    wNominal=148.44025288212,
    TaNominal=368.15,
    Ra=0.03864,
    TaRef=293.15);

  Modelica.Mechanics.Rotational.Components.Inertia loadInertia2(J=JLoad);
  Modelica.Mechanics.Rotational.Sources.QuadraticSpeedDependentTorque
    loadTorque2(
      useSupport=false,
    tau_nominal=-TLoad2,
    TorqueDirection=false,
    w_nominal=wLoad2);
equation 
  connect(ramp.y, signalVoltage.v);
  connect(signalVoltage.n, ground.p);
  connect(loadInertia1.flange_b, loadTorque1.flange);
  connect(dcpm1.flange, loadInertia1.flange_a);
  connect(loadInertia2.flange_b, loadTorque2.flange);
  connect(dcpm2.flange, loadInertia2.flange_a);
  connect(signalVoltage.p, dcpm1.pin_ap);
  connect(signalVoltage.p, dcpm2.pin_ap);
  connect(signalVoltage.n, dcpm1.pin_an);
  connect(signalVoltage.n, dcpm2.pin_an);
end DCPM_withLosses;

Automatically generated Fri Nov 12 16:28:38 2010.