Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Examples

Information

This package contains examples that demonstrate the usage of the components of the Electrical.Analog library.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Library2 (Icon for library where additional icon elements shall be added).

Package Content

Name	Description
CauerLowPassAnalog	Cauer low pass filter with analog components
CauerLowPassOPV	Cauer low pass filter with operational amplifiers
CauerLowPassSC	Cauer low-pass filter with operational amplifiers and switched capacitors
CharacteristicIdealDiodes	Characteristic of ideal diodes
CharacteristicThyristors	Characteristic of ideal thyristors
ChuaCircuit	Chua's circuit, ns, V, A
DifferenceAmplifier	Simple NPN transistor amplifier circuit
HeatingMOSInverter	Heating MOS Inverter
HeatingNPN_OrGate	Heating NPN Or Gate
HeatingResistor	Heating resistor
HeatingRectifier	Heating rectifier
NandGate	CMOS NAND Gate (see Tietze/Schenk, page 157)
OvervoltageProtection
Rectifier	B6 diode bridge
ShowSaturatingInductor	Simple demo to show behaviour of SaturatingInductor component
ShowVariableResistor	Simple demo of a VariableResistor model
SwitchWithArc
ThyristorBehaviourTest
AmplifierWithOpAmpDetailed	Simple Amplifier circuit which uses OpAmpDetailed
CompareTransformers
ControlledSwitchWithArc
Utilities	Utility components used by package Examples

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Examples.CauerLowPassAnalog

Information

The example Cauer Filter is a low-pass-filter of the fifth order. It is realized using an analog network. The voltage source V is the input voltage (step), and the R2.p.v is the filter output voltage. The pulse response is calculated.

The simulation end time should be 60. Please plot both V.p.v (input voltage) and R2.p.v (output voltage).

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
Inductance	l1	1.304	filter coefficient I1 [H]
Inductance	l2	0.8586	filter coefficient I2 [H]
Capacitance	c1	1.072	filter coefficient c1 [F]
Capacitance	c2	1/(1.704992^2*l1)	filter coefficient c2 [F]
Capacitance	c3	1.682	filter coefficient c3 [F]
Capacitance	c4	1/(1.179945^2*l2)	filter coefficient c4 [F]
Capacitance	c5	0.7262	filter coefficient c5 [F]

Modelica definition

model CauerLowPassAnalog 
  "Cauer low pass filter with analog components"

  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Inductance l1=1.304 "filter coefficient I1";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Inductance l2=0.8586 "filter coefficient I2";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Capacitance c1=1.072 "filter coefficient c1";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Capacitance c2=1/(1.704992^2*l1) 
    "filter coefficient c2";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Capacitance c3=1.682 "filter coefficient c3";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Capacitance c4=1/(1.179945^2*l2) 
    "filter coefficient c4";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Capacitance c5=0.7262 "filter coefficient c5";
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground G;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Capacitor C1(C=c1);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Capacitor C2(C=c2);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Capacitor C3(C=c3);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Capacitor C4(C=c4);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Capacitor C5(C=c5);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Inductor L1(L=l1);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Inductor L2(L=l2);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Resistor R1;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Resistor R2;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.StepVoltage V(startTime=1, offset=0);
equation 
  connect(R1.n,C1. p);
  connect(C1.n,G. p);
  connect(R1.n,C2. p);
  connect(L1.p,C2. p);
  connect(L1.p,C1. p);
  connect(L1.n,C2. n);
  connect(C2.n,C3. p);
  connect(C2.n,C4. p);
  connect(L1.n,C3. p);
  connect(L1.n,C4. p);
  connect(L2.p,C4. p);
  connect(C2.n,L2. p);
  connect(C3.p,L2. p);
  connect(L2.n,C4. n);
  connect(L2.n,C5. p);
  connect(L2.n,R2. p);
  connect(R2.n,G. p);
  connect(C4.n,C5. p);
  connect(C4.n,R2. p);
  connect(C3.n,G. p);
  connect(C5.n,G. p);
  connect(C1.n,C3. n);
  connect(C1.n,C5. n);
  connect(R2.n,C5. n);
  connect(R2.n,C3. n);
  connect(R2.n,C1. n);
  connect(C5.p,R2. p);
  connect(R1.p, V.p);
  connect(V.n, G.p);
end CauerLowPassAnalog;

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Examples.CauerLowPassOPV

Information

This model is identical to the CauerLowPassAnalog example, but inverting. To get the same response as that of the CauerLowPassAnalog example, a negative voltage step is used as input.

The simulation end time should be 60. Please plot both V.v (which is the inverted input voltage) and OP5.p.v (output voltage). Compare this result with the CauerLowPassAnalog result.

During translation some warnings are issued concerning resistor values (Value=-1 not in range[0,1.e+100]). Do not worry about it. The negative values are o.k.

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
Capacitance	l1	1.304	filter coefficient i1 [F]
Capacitance	l2	0.8586	filter coefficient i2 [F]
Capacitance	c1	1.072	filter coefficient c1 [F]
Capacitance	c2	1/(1.704992^2*l1)	filter coefficient c2 [F]
Capacitance	c3	1.682	filter coefficient c3 [F]
Capacitance	c4	1/(1.179945^2*l2)	filter coefficient c4 [F]
Capacitance	c5	0.7262	filter coefficient c5 [F]

Modelica definition

model CauerLowPassOPV 
  "Cauer low pass filter with operational amplifiers"

  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Capacitance l1=1.304 "filter coefficient i1";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Capacitance l2=0.8586 "filter coefficient i2";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Capacitance c1=1.072 "filter coefficient c1";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Capacitance c2=1/(1.704992^2*l1) 
    "filter coefficient c2";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Capacitance c3=1.682 "filter coefficient c3";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Capacitance c4=1/(1.179945^2*l2) 
    "filter coefficient c4";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Capacitance c5=0.7262 "filter coefficient c5";
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Capacitor C1(C=c1 + c2);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Capacitor C2(C=c2);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Capacitor C3(C=l1);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Capacitor C4(C=c4);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Capacitor C5(C=c2);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Resistor R1;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Resistor R2;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Resistor R3;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Ideal.IdealOpAmp3Pin Op1;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground G;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Resistor R4(R=-1);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Resistor R5(R=-1);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Ideal.IdealOpAmp3Pin Op2;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Ideal.IdealOpAmp3Pin Op3;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground G1;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Resistor R6;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Resistor R7;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Capacitor C6(C=c2 + c3 + c4);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Resistor R8(R=-1);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Resistor R9(R=-1);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Resistor R10;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Ideal.IdealOpAmp3Pin Op4;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Ideal.IdealOpAmp3Pin Op5;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Capacitor C7(C=l2);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Capacitor C8(C=c4);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Capacitor C9(C=c4 + c5);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Resistor R11;
protected 
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.NegativePin n1;
protected 
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.NegativePin n2;
protected 
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.NegativePin n3;
protected 
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.NegativePin n4;
protected 
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.NegativePin n5;
protected 
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.PositivePin p1;
protected 
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.NegativePin n6;
protected 
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.NegativePin n7;
protected 
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.NegativePin n8;
protected 
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.PositivePin p2;
protected 
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.PositivePin out1;
protected 
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.PositivePin p3;
protected 
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.NegativePin n9;
protected 
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.NegativePin n10;
protected 
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.NegativePin n11;
public 
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground G2;
protected 
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.NegativePin n12;
protected 
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.NegativePin n13;
protected 
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.PositivePin p4;
protected 
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.NegativePin n14;
public 
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground G3;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground G4;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.StepVoltage V(startTime=1);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground Ground1;
equation 
  connect(Op1.in_p, G.p);
  connect(G1.p, Op2.in_p);
  connect(R1.n, n1);
  connect(n1, Op1.in_n);
  connect(C2.n, n1);
  connect(R2.n, n2);
  connect(n1, n2);
  connect(n2, n3);
  connect(n3, C1.p);
  connect(n3, R3.p);
  connect(C1.n, n4);
  connect(R3.n, n4);
  connect(n4, Op1.out);
  connect(R4.p, Op1.out);
  connect(C5.p, Op1.out);
  connect(R4.n, n5);
  connect(n5, Op2.in_n);
  connect(C3.p, n5);
  connect(R5.n, n5);
  connect(R5.p, p1);
  connect(C2.p, p1);
  connect(C3.n, n6);
  connect(n6, Op2.out);
  connect(R2.p, n6);
  connect(Op2.out, R7.p);
  connect(R7.n, n7);
  connect(n7, Op3.in_n);
  connect(C5.n, n7);
  connect(R6.n, n8);
  connect(n7, n8);
  connect(C6.p, p2);
  connect(n8, p2);
  connect(C4.n, p2);
  connect(C6.n, Op3.out);
  connect(R9.p, Op3.out);
  connect(Op3.out, out1);
  connect(p1, out1);
  connect(out1, C8.p);
  connect(C4.p, p3);
  connect(p3, R8.p);
  connect(R8.n, n9);
  connect(n9, n10);
  connect(R9.n, n10);
  connect(n10, Op4.in_n);
  connect(n9, C7.p);
  connect(C7.n, n11);
  connect(R6.p, n11);
  connect(n11, Op4.out);
  connect(Op4.out, R10.p);
  connect(G2.p, Op3.in_p);
  connect(R11.n, n12);
  connect(p3, n12);
  connect(C9.n, n13);
  connect(n12, n13);
  connect(n13, Op5.out);
  connect(C9.p, p4);
  connect(R11.p, p4);
  connect(R10.n, n14);
  connect(p4, n14);
  connect(Op5.in_n, n14);
  connect(C8.n, n14);
  connect(Op4.in_p, G3.p);
  connect(Op5.in_p, G4.p);
  connect(V.p, Ground1.p);
  connect(V.n, R1.p);
end CauerLowPassOPV;

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Examples.CauerLowPassSC

Information

This model is identical to the CauerLowPassAnalog example, but inverting. To get the same response as that of the CauerLowPassAnalog example, a negative voltage step is used as input.

This model is identical to the CauerLowPassOPV example. But the resistors are realized by switched capacitors. There are two such resistors Rp (of value +1), and Rn (of value -1). In this models the switching clock source is included. In a typical switched capacitor circuit there would be a central clock source.

The simulation end time should be 60. Please plot both V.v (which is the inverted input voltage) and OP5.p.v (output voltage). Compare this result with the CauerLowPassAnalog result.

Due to the recharging of the capacitances after switching the performance of simulation is not as good as in the CauerLowPassOPV example.

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
Capacitance	l1	1.304	filter coefficient i1 [F]
Capacitance	l2	0.8586	filter coefficient i2 [F]
Capacitance	c1	1.072	filter coefficient c1 [F]
Capacitance	c2	1/(1.704992^2*l1)	filter coefficient c2 [F]
Capacitance	c3	1.682	filter coefficient c3 [F]
Capacitance	c4	1/(1.179945^2*l2)	filter coefficient c4 [F]
Capacitance	c5	0.7262	filter coefficient c5 [F]

Modelica definition

model CauerLowPassSC 
  "Cauer low-pass filter with operational amplifiers and switched capacitors"
model Rn "negative resistance"
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Time clock=1 "clock";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Resistance R(min=Modelica.Constants.eps)=1 
      "Resistance";
  Modelica.Blocks.Sources.BooleanPulse BooleanPulse1(period=clock);

  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Capacitor Capacitor1(C=clock/R);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Ideal.IdealCommutingSwitch IdealCommutingSwitch1;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Ideal.IdealCommutingSwitch IdealCommutingSwitch2;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground Ground1;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground Ground2;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.NegativePin n1;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.NegativePin n2;
equation 
  connect(IdealCommutingSwitch1.p,Capacitor1. p);
  connect(Capacitor1.n,IdealCommutingSwitch2. p);
  connect(IdealCommutingSwitch2.control,BooleanPulse1. y);
  connect(IdealCommutingSwitch1.control,BooleanPulse1. y);
  connect(Ground2.p,IdealCommutingSwitch2. n2);
  connect(IdealCommutingSwitch2.n1,n2);
  connect(n1, IdealCommutingSwitch1.n2);
  connect(Ground1.p, IdealCommutingSwitch1.n1);
end Rn;

model Rp "positive resistance"

  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Time clock=1 "clock";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Resistance R(min=Modelica.Constants.eps)=1 
      "Resistance";
  Modelica.Blocks.Sources.BooleanPulse BooleanPulse1(period=clock);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Capacitor Capacitor1(C=clock/R);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Ideal.IdealCommutingSwitch IdealCommutingSwitch1;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Ideal.IdealCommutingSwitch IdealCommutingSwitch2;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground Ground1;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground Ground2;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.NegativePin n1;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.NegativePin n2;
equation 
  connect(IdealCommutingSwitch1.p, Capacitor1.p);
  connect(Capacitor1.n, IdealCommutingSwitch2.p);
  connect(IdealCommutingSwitch2.control, BooleanPulse1.y);
  connect(IdealCommutingSwitch1.control, BooleanPulse1.y);
  connect(Ground1.p, IdealCommutingSwitch1.n2);
  connect(Ground2.p, IdealCommutingSwitch2.n2);
  connect(IdealCommutingSwitch1.n1, n1);
  connect(IdealCommutingSwitch2.n1, n2);
end Rp;

  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Capacitance l1=1.304 "filter coefficient i1";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Capacitance l2=0.8586 "filter coefficient i2";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Capacitance c1=1.072 "filter coefficient c1";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Capacitance c2=1/(1.704992^2*l1) 
    "filter coefficient c2";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Capacitance c3=1.682 "filter coefficient c3";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Capacitance c4=1/(1.179945^2*l2) 
    "filter coefficient c4";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Capacitance c5=0.7262 "filter coefficient c5";
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Capacitor C1(C=c1 + c2);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Capacitor C2(C=c2);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Capacitor C3(C=l1);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Capacitor C4(C=c4);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Capacitor C5(C=c2);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Ideal.IdealOpAmp3Pin Op1;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground G;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Ideal.IdealOpAmp3Pin Op2;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Ideal.IdealOpAmp3Pin Op3;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground G1;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Capacitor C6(C=c2 + c3 + c4);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Ideal.IdealOpAmp3Pin Op4;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Ideal.IdealOpAmp3Pin Op5;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Capacitor C7(C=l2);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Capacitor C8(C=c4);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Capacitor C9(C=c4 + c5);
protected 
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.NegativePin n1;
protected 
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.NegativePin n2;
protected 
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.NegativePin n3;
protected 
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.NegativePin n4;
protected 
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.NegativePin n5;
protected 
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.PositivePin p1;
protected 
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.NegativePin n6;
protected 
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.NegativePin n7;
protected 
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.NegativePin n8;
protected 
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.PositivePin p2;
protected 
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.PositivePin out1;
protected 
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.PositivePin p3;
protected 
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.NegativePin n9;
protected 
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.NegativePin n10;
protected 
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.NegativePin n11;
public 
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground G2;
protected 
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.NegativePin n12;
protected 
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.NegativePin n13;
protected 
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.PositivePin p4;
protected 
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.NegativePin n14;
public 
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground G3;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground G4;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.StepVoltage V(startTime=1);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground Ground1;
  Rn R4(clock=0.1);
  Rn R5(clock=0.1);
  Rn R8(clock=0.1);
  Rn R9(clock=0.1);
  Rp R1(clock=0.1);
  Rp R2(clock=0.1);
  Rp R3(clock=0.1);
  Rp Rp1(clock=0.1);
  Rp R7(clock=0.1);
  Rp R10(clock=0.1);
  Rp R11(clock=0.1);
equation 
  connect(Op1.in_p,G. p);
  connect(G1.p,Op2. in_p);
  connect(n1,Op1. in_n);
  connect(C2.n,n1);
  connect(n1,n2);
  connect(n2,n3);
  connect(n3,C1. p);
  connect(C1.n,n4);
  connect(n4,Op1. out);
  connect(C5.p,Op1. out);
  connect(n5,Op2. in_n);
  connect(C3.p,n5);
  connect(C2.p,p1);
  connect(C3.n,n6);
  connect(n6,Op2. out);
  connect(n7,Op3. in_n);
  connect(C5.n,n7);
  connect(n7,n8);
  connect(C6.p,p2);
  connect(n8,p2);
  connect(C4.n,p2);
  connect(C6.n,Op3. out);
  connect(Op3.out,out1);
  connect(p1,out1);
  connect(out1,C8. p);
  connect(C4.p,p3);
  connect(n9,n10);
  connect(n10,Op4. in_n);
  connect(n9,C7. p);
  connect(C7.n,n11);
  connect(n11,Op4. out);
  connect(G2.p,Op3. in_p);
  connect(p3,n12);
  connect(C9.n,n13);
  connect(n12,n13);
  connect(n13,Op5. out);
  connect(C9.p,p4);
  connect(p4,n14);
  connect(Op5.in_n,n14);
  connect(C8.n,n14);
  connect(Op4.in_p,G3. p);
  connect(Op5.in_p,G4. p);
  connect(V.p, Ground1.p);
  connect(R4.n2, n5);
  connect(Op1.out, R4.n1);
  connect(R5.n1, p1);
  connect(R5.n2, n5);
  connect(p3, R8.n1);
  connect(R8.n2, n9);
  connect(Op3.out, R9.n1);
  connect(R9.n2, n10);
  connect(R1.n1, V.n);
  connect(R1.n2, n1);
  connect(R2.n2, n2);
  connect(R2.n1, n6);
  connect(R3.n1, n3);
  connect(R3.n2, n4);
  connect(Rp1.n2, n8);
  connect(Rp1.n1, n11);
  connect(Op2.out, R7.n1);
  connect(R7.n2, n7);
  connect(R10.n1, Op4.out);
  connect(R10.n2, n14);
  connect(R11.n2, n12);
  connect(R11.n1, p4);
end CauerLowPassSC;

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Examples.CharacteristicIdealDiodes

Information

Three examples of ideal diodes are shown:

the totally ideal diode (Ideal) with all parameters to be zero
the nearly ideal diode with Ron=0.1 and Goff=0.1
the nearly ideal but displaced diode with Vknee=5 and Ron=0.1 and Goff=0.1

The resistance and conductance are chosen untypically high since the slopes should be seen in the graphics.

Simulate until T=1 s.

Plot in separate windows:

Ideal.i versus Ideal.v
With_Ron_Goff.i versus With_Ron_Goff.v
With_Ron_Goff_Vknee.i versus With_Ron_Goff_Vknee.v

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for an example model).

Modelica definition

model CharacteristicIdealDiodes "Characteristic of ideal diodes"
  extends Modelica.Icons.Example;

  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Ideal.IdealDiode Ideal(
    Ron=0, Goff=0);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Ideal.IdealDiode With_Ron_Goff(
    Ron=0.1, Goff=0.1);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Ideal.IdealDiode With_Ron_Goff_Vknee(
    Ron=0.2,
    Goff=0.2,
    Vknee=5);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.SineVoltage SineVoltage1(
    V=10,
    offset=-9);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground Ground1;

  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Resistor R1(R=1.e-3);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Resistor R2(R=1.e-3);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Resistor R3(R=1.e-3);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.SineVoltage SineVoltage2(
    V=10,
    offset=0);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.SineVoltage SineVoltage3(
    V=10,
    offset=0);

equation 
  connect(Ground1.p, SineVoltage1.n);
  connect(Ideal.n, R1.p);
  connect(With_Ron_Goff.n, R2.p);
  connect(With_Ron_Goff_Vknee.n, R3.p);
  connect(R1.n, R2.n);
  connect(R2.n, R3.n);
  connect(R3.n, Ground1.p);
  connect(SineVoltage2.p, Ideal.p);
  connect(SineVoltage2.n, Ground1.p);
  connect(SineVoltage1.p,With_Ron_Goff. p);
  connect(With_Ron_Goff_Vknee.p, SineVoltage3.p);
  connect(SineVoltage3.n, Ground1.p);
end CharacteristicIdealDiodes;

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Examples.CharacteristicThyristors

Information

Two examples of thyristors are shown:

the ideal thyristor
and the ideal GTO thyristor with Vknee=5

Simulate until T=2 s.

Plot in separate windows:

IdealThyristor1.i and IdealGTOThyristor1.i
IdealThyristor1.v and IdealGTOThyristor1.v

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for an example model).

Modelica definition

model CharacteristicThyristors "Characteristic of ideal thyristors"

  extends Modelica.Icons.Example;

  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Ideal.IdealThyristor IdealThyristor1(
                    Vknee=5);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.SineVoltage SineVoltage1(V=10,
      offset=0);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground Ground1;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Resistor R3(R=1.e-3);

  Modelica.Blocks.Sources.BooleanStep BooleanStep1(startValue=false,
      startTime=1.25);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Ideal.IdealGTOThyristor IdealGTOThyristor1(
                       Vknee=0);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Resistor R1(R=1.e-3);

equation 
  connect(IdealThyristor1.n, R3.p);
  connect(Ground1.p, SineVoltage1.n);
  connect(SineVoltage1.p, IdealThyristor1.p);
  connect(BooleanStep1.y, IdealThyristor1.fire);
  connect(IdealGTOThyristor1.n, R1.p);
  connect(R3.n, R1.n);
  connect(R1.n, Ground1.p);
  connect(IdealGTOThyristor1.p, IdealThyristor1.p);
  connect(IdealGTOThyristor1.fire, IdealThyristor1.fire);
end CharacteristicThyristors;

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Examples.ChuaCircuit

Information

Chua's circuit is the most simple nonlinear circuit which shows chaotic behaviour. The circuit consists of linear basic elements (capacitors, resistor, conductor, inductor), and one nonlinear element, which is called Chua's diode. The chaotic behaviour is simulated.

The simulation end time should be set to 5e4. To get the chaotic behaviour please plot C1.v. Choose C2.v as the independent variable .

Reference:

Kennedy, M.P.: Three Steps to Chaos - Part I: Evolution. IEEE Transactions on CAS I 40 (1993)10, 640-656

Extends from Icons.Example (Icon for an example model).

Modelica definition

encapsulated model ChuaCircuit "Chua's circuit, ns, V, A"
  import Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic;
  import Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Examples.Utilities;
  import Modelica.Icons;
  extends Icons.Example;

  Basic.Inductor L(L=18);
  Basic.Resistor Ro(R=12.5e-3);
  Basic.Conductor G(G=0.565);
  Basic.Capacitor C1(C=10, v(start=4));
  Basic.Capacitor C2(C=100);
  Utilities.NonlinearResistor Nr(
    Ga(min=-1) = -0.757576,
    Gb(min=-1) = -0.409091,
    Ve=1);
  Basic.Ground Gnd;
equation 
  connect(L.p, G.p);
  connect(G.n, Nr.p);
  connect(Nr.n, Gnd.p);
  connect(C1.p, G.n);
  connect(L.n, Ro.p);
  connect(G.p, C2.p);
  connect(C1.n, Gnd.p);
  connect(C2.n, Gnd.p);
  connect(Ro.n, Gnd.p);
end ChuaCircuit;

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Examples.DifferenceAmplifier

Information

It is a simple NPN transistor amplifier circuit. The voltage difference between R1.p and R3.n is amplified. The output signal is the voltage between R2.n and R4.n. In this example the voltage at V1 is amplified because R3.n is grounded.

The simulation end time should be set to 1e- 8. Please plot the input voltage V1.v, and the output voltages R2.n.v, and R4.n.v.

Reference:

Tietze, U.; Schenk, Ch.: Halbleiter-Schaltungstechnik. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg NewYork 1980, p. 59

Extends from Icons.Example (Icon for an example model).

Modelica definition

encapsulated model DifferenceAmplifier 
  "Simple NPN transistor amplifier circuit"
  import Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic;
  import Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources;
  import Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Examples.Utilities;
  import Modelica.Icons;
  extends Icons.Example;

  Sources.ExpSineVoltage V1(
    V=0.2,
    freqHz=0.2e9,
    damping=0.1e8);
  Sources.RampVoltage V2(V=15, duration=1e-9);
  Sources.RampCurrent I1(I=0.16, duration=1e-9);
  Basic.Resistor R1(R=0.0001);
  Basic.Resistor R2(R=100);
  Basic.Resistor R3(R=0.0001);
  Basic.Resistor R4(R=100);
  Basic.Capacitor C1(C=1e-10);
  Basic.Capacitor C4(C=1e-10);
  Basic.Capacitor C5(C=1e-10);
  Basic.Capacitor C2(C=1e-10);
  Basic.Capacitor C3(C=1e-10);
  Basic.Ground Gnd1;
  Basic.Ground Gnd9;
  Basic.Ground Gnd3;
  Basic.Ground Gnd2;
  Basic.Ground Gnd6;
  Basic.Ground Gnd7;
  Basic.Ground Gnd8;
  Basic.Ground Gnd5;
  Basic.Ground Gnd4;
  Utilities.Transistor Transistor1;
  Utilities.Transistor Transistor2;
equation 
  connect(V1.n, Gnd1.p);
  connect(C1.n, Gnd2.p);
  connect(I1.n, Gnd7.p);
  connect(C5.n, Gnd8.p);
  connect(C3.n, Gnd5.p);
  connect(R3.n, Gnd4.p);
  connect(C2.n, Gnd3.p);
  connect(C4.p, Gnd6.p);
  connect(I1.p, C5.p);
  connect(R1.p, V1.p);
  connect(R2.p, V2.p);
  connect(R4.p, V2.p);
  connect(V2.n, Gnd9.p);
  connect(R1.n, Transistor1.b);
  connect(Transistor1.b, C1.p);
  connect(Transistor1.c, C2.p);
  connect(R2.n, Transistor1.c);
  connect(Transistor1.e, I1.p);
  connect(Transistor2.b, R3.p);
  connect(Transistor2.b, C3.p);
  connect(C4.n, Transistor2.c);
  connect(R4.n, Transistor2.c);
  connect(C5.p, Transistor2.e);
end DifferenceAmplifier;

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Examples.HeatingMOSInverter

Information

The heating MOS inverter shows a heat flow always if a transistor is leading.

Simulate until T=5 s.

Plot in separate windows:

Sin.p.v and Capacitor1.p.v
HeatCapacitor1.port.T and H_PMOS.heatPort.T and H_NMOS.heatPort.T
H_PMOS.heatPort.Q_flow and H_NMOS.heatPort.Q_flow

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for an example model).

Modelica definition

model HeatingMOSInverter "Heating MOS Inverter"
  extends Modelica.Icons.Example;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground G;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.SineVoltage Sin(V=5);

  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Capacitor Capacitor1(C=0.00001);
  Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Components.HeatCapacitor HeatCapacitor1(C=0.01);
  Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Components.ThermalConductor TC1(G=0.01);
  Semiconductors.HeatingPMOS H_PMOS(useHeatPort=true);
  Semiconductors.HeatingNMOS H_NMOS(useHeatPort=true);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.RampVoltage V(V=5, duration=1.e-2);
  Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Components.ThermalConductor TC2(G=0.01);
  Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Sources.FixedTemperature FixedTemperature1(T=
        300);
  Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Components.ThermalConductor TC3(G=0.01);
equation 
  connect(Sin.n, G.p);
  connect(Capacitor1.n, G.p);

  connect(H_NMOS.G, H_PMOS.G);

  connect(H_NMOS.G, Sin.p);
  connect(H_PMOS.S, H_NMOS.D);
  connect(H_NMOS.D, Capacitor1.p);
  connect(H_NMOS.B, H_NMOS.S);
  connect(H_NMOS.S, G.p);
  connect(H_PMOS.B, H_PMOS.D);
  connect(V.p, H_PMOS.D);
  connect(V.n, G.p);
  connect(TC1.port_b, HeatCapacitor1.port);
  connect(TC2.port_b, HeatCapacitor1.port);
  connect(TC1.port_a, H_PMOS.heatPort);
  connect(TC2.port_a, H_NMOS.heatPort);
  connect(TC3.port_b, FixedTemperature1.port);
  connect(TC3.port_a, HeatCapacitor1.port);
end HeatingMOSInverter;

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Examples.HeatingNPN_OrGate

Information

The heating "NPN or" gate shows a heat flow always if a transistor is leading.

Simulate until T=200 s.

Plot in separate windows:

V1.v and V2.v and C2.v
HeatCapacitor1.port.T and T1.heatPort.T and T2.heatPort.T
T1.heatPort.Q_flow and T2.heatPort.Q_flow

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for an example model).

Modelica definition

model HeatingNPN_OrGate "Heating NPN Or Gate"
  extends Modelica.Icons.Example;
  constant Modelica.SIunits.Capacitance CapVal=0;
  constant Modelica.SIunits.Time tauVal=0;

  Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Components.HeatCapacitor HeatCapacitor1(C=0.1);
  Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Components.ThermalConductor TC1(G=0.01);
  Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Components.ThermalConductor TC2(G=0.01);

  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.RampVoltage V(V=6, duration=5);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.TrapezoidVoltage V1(
    V=6,
    startTime=55,
    rising=5,
    width=15,
    falling=5,
    period=50,
    nperiod=10);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.TrapezoidVoltage V2(
    V=6,
    startTime=65,
    rising=5,
    width=15,
    falling=5,
    period=50,
    nperiod=10);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Resistor R1(R=1800);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Resistor R2(R=1800);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Resistor RI(R=40);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground Gnd;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground Gnd1;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground Gnd2;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground Gnd3;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground Gnd4;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Capacitor C1(C=CapVal);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Capacitor C2(C=CapVal);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Capacitor C3(C=CapVal);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground Gnd5;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground Gnd6;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground Gnd7;
  Semiconductors.HeatingNPN T1(
    Bf=100,
    Br=1,
    Is=1.e-14,
    Vak=0,
    Tauf=tauVal,
    Taur=tauVal,
    Ccs=CapVal,
    Cje=CapVal,
    Cjc=CapVal,
    Phie=1,
    Me=0.5,
    Phic=1,
    Mc=0.5,
    Gbc=1.e-12,
    Gbe=1.e-12,
    EMax=40,
    vt_t(start=0.01, fixed=false),
    useHeatPort=true);
  Semiconductors.HeatingNPN T2(
    Bf=100,
    Br=1,
    Is=1.e-14,
    Vak=0,
    Tauf=tauVal,
    Taur=tauVal,
    Ccs=CapVal,
    Cje=CapVal,
    Cjc=CapVal,
    Phie=1,
    Me=0.5,
    Phic=1,
    Mc=0.5,
    Gbc=1.e-12,
    Gbe=1.e-12,
    EMax=40,
    vt_t(start=0.01, fixed=false),
    useHeatPort=true);
equation 
  connect(Gnd1.p, V1.n);
  connect(V1.p, R1.p);
  connect(RI.n, V.p);
  connect(Gnd.p, V.n);
  connect(V2.p, R2.p);
  connect(Gnd2.p, V2.n);
  connect(Gnd7.p, C1.n);
  connect(C2.p, RI.p);
  connect(Gnd6.p, C2.n);
  connect(C3.p, R2.n);
  connect(C1.p, R1.n);
  connect(Gnd5.p, C3.n);
  connect(T1.B, R1.n);
  connect(T1.E, Gnd3.p);
  connect(RI.p, T1.C);
  connect(T2.B, R2.n);
  connect(T2.E, Gnd4.p);
  connect(T2.C, RI.p);
  connect(TC1.port_b, HeatCapacitor1.port);
  connect(TC2.port_b, HeatCapacitor1.port);
  connect(TC2.port_a, T2.heatPort);
  connect(TC1.port_a, T1.heatPort);
end HeatingNPN_OrGate;

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Examples.HeatingResistor

Information

This is a very simple circuit consisting of a voltage source and a resistor. The loss power in the resistor is transported to the environment via its heatPort.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for an example model).

Modelica definition

model HeatingResistor "Heating resistor"
  extends Modelica.Icons.Example;
  Basic.HeatingResistor heatingResistor(
    R_ref=100,
    alpha=1e-3,
    T_ref=293.15);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground G;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.SineVoltage SineVoltage1(V=220, freqHz=1);

  Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Components.ThermalConductor thermalConductor(G=
        50);
  Thermal.HeatTransfer.Celsius.FixedTemperature fixedTemperature(T=20);
equation 
  connect(SineVoltage1.n, G.p);
  connect(heatingResistor.heatPort, thermalConductor.port_a);

  connect(SineVoltage1.p, heatingResistor.p);

  connect(G.p, heatingResistor.n);
  connect(thermalConductor.port_b, fixedTemperature.port);
end HeatingResistor;

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Examples.HeatingRectifier

Information

The heating rectifier shows a heat flow always if the electrical capacitor is loaded.

Simulate until T=5 s.

Plot in separate windows:

SineVoltage1.v and Capacitor1.p.v
HeatCapacitor1.port.T and HeatingDiode1.heatPort.T
HeatingDiode1.heatPort.Q_flow

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for an example model).

Modelica definition

model HeatingRectifier "Heating rectifier"
  extends Modelica.Icons.Example;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Semiconductors.HeatingDiode HeatingDiode1(
      useHeatPort=true);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground G;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.SineVoltage SineVoltage1(V=1, freqHz=1);

  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Capacitor Capacitor1(C=1);
  Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Components.HeatCapacitor HeatCapacitor1(C=1);
  Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Components.ThermalConductor ThermalConductor1(G=10);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Resistor R(R=1);
equation 
  connect(SineVoltage1.p, HeatingDiode1.p);
  connect(SineVoltage1.n, G.p);
  connect(Capacitor1.n, G.p);
  connect(HeatingDiode1.n, Capacitor1.p);
  connect(HeatingDiode1.heatPort, ThermalConductor1.port_a);
  connect(ThermalConductor1.port_b, HeatCapacitor1.port);
  connect(R.p, Capacitor1.p);
  connect(R.n, Capacitor1.n);

end HeatingRectifier;

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Examples.NandGate

Information

The nand gate is a basic CMOS building block. It consists of four CMOS transistors. The output voltage Nand.y.v is low if and only if the two input voltages at Nand.x1.v and Nand.x2.v are both high. In this way the nand functionality is realized.

The simulation end time should be set to 1e-7. Please plot the input voltages Nand.x1.v, d Nand.x2.v, and the output voltage Nand.y.v.

Reference:

Tietze, U.; Schenk, Ch.: Halbleiter-Schaltungstechnik. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg NewYork 1980, p. 157

Extends from Icons.Example (Icon for an example model).

Modelica definition

encapsulated model NandGate 
  "CMOS NAND Gate (see Tietze/Schenk, page 157)"
  import Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic;
  import Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources;
  import Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Examples.Utilities;
  import Modelica.Icons;
  extends Icons.Example;

  Sources.TrapezoidVoltage VIN1(
    V=3.5,
    startTime=20e-9,
    rising=1e-9,
    width=19e-9,
    falling=1.e-9,
    period=40e-9);
  Sources.TrapezoidVoltage VIN2(
    V=3.5,
    startTime=10e-9,
    rising=1e-9,
    width=19e-9,
    falling=1.e-9,
    period=40e-9);
  Sources.RampVoltage VDD(V=5, duration=1e-9);
  Basic.Ground Gnd1;
  Basic.Ground Gnd4;
  Basic.Ground Gnd5;
  Utilities.Nand Nand;
equation 
  connect(VDD.n, Gnd1.p);
  connect(VIN1.n, Gnd4.p);
  connect(VIN2.n, Gnd5.p);
  connect(Nand.Vdd, VDD.p);
  connect(VIN1.p, Nand.x1);
  connect(VIN2.p, Nand.x2);
end NandGate;

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Examples.OvervoltageProtection

Information

Modelica definition

model OvervoltageProtection

 Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.SineVoltage sineVoltage(
   offset=0,
   V=10,
   freqHz=5);
 Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Resistor Rv(R=20);
 Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Resistor RL(R=2000);
 Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Semiconductors.ZDiode zDiode_1;
 Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Semiconductors.ZDiode zDiode_2;
 Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground ground;
 Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Capacitor CL(C=1e-7);
equation 
 connect(sineVoltage.p, Rv.p);
 connect(Rv.n, zDiode_2.p);
 connect(RL.p, zDiode_2.p);
 connect(RL.n, zDiode_1.p);
 connect(zDiode_1.n, zDiode_2.n);
 connect(sineVoltage.n, zDiode_1.p);
 connect(ground.p, zDiode_1.p);
 connect(RL.p, CL.p);
 connect(RL.n, CL.n);
end OvervoltageProtection;

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Examples.Rectifier

Information

The rectifier example shows a B6 diode bridge fed by a three phase sinusoidal voltage, loaded by a DC current.
DC capacitors start at ideal no-load voltage, thus making easier initial transient.

Simulate until T=0.1 s.

Plot in separate windows:

uDC ... DC-voltage
iAC ... AC-currents 1..3
uAC ... AC-voltages 1..3 (distorted)
Try different load currents iDC = 0..approximately 500 A.

You may watch Losses (of the whole diode bridge) trying different diode parameters.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for an example model).

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
Voltage	VAC	400	RMS line-to-line [V]
Frequency	f	50	line frequency [Hz]
Inductance	LAC	60E-6	line inductor [H]
Resistance	Ron	1E-3	diode forward resistance [Ohm]
Conductance	Goff	1E-3	diode backward conductance [S]
Voltage	Vknee	2	diode threshold voltage [V]
Capacitance	CDC	15E-3	DC capacitance [F]
Current	IDC	500	load current [A]

Modelica definition

model Rectifier "B6 diode bridge"
  extends Modelica.Icons.Example;
  import Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Ideal;
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Voltage VAC=400 "RMS line-to-line";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Frequency f=50 "line frequency";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Inductance LAC=60E-6 "line inductor";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Resistance Ron=1E-3 "diode forward resistance";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Conductance Goff=1E-3 "diode backward conductance";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Voltage Vknee=2 "diode threshold voltage";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Capacitance CDC=15E-3 "DC capacitance";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Current IDC=500 "load current";
  output Modelica.SIunits.Voltage uDC;
  output Modelica.SIunits.Current iAC[3];
  output Modelica.SIunits.Voltage uAC[3];
  output Modelica.SIunits.Power Losses;

  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.SineVoltage SineVoltage1(freqHz=f,
       V=VAC*sqrt(2/3));
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.SineVoltage SineVoltage2(
    freqHz=f,
    phase=-2/3*Modelica.Constants.pi,
    V=VAC*sqrt(2/3));
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.SineVoltage SineVoltage3(
    freqHz=f,
    phase=-4/3*Modelica.Constants.pi,
    V=VAC*sqrt(2/3));
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Inductor Inductor1(L=LAC);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Inductor Inductor2(L=LAC);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Inductor Inductor3(L=LAC);
  Ideal.IdealDiode IdealDiode1(
    Ron=Ron,
    Goff=Goff,
    Vknee=Vknee);
  Ideal.IdealDiode IdealDiode2(
    Ron=Ron,
    Goff=Goff,
    Vknee=Vknee);
  Ideal.IdealDiode IdealDiode3(
    Ron=Ron,
    Goff=Goff,
    Vknee=Vknee);
  Ideal.IdealDiode IdealDiode4(
    Ron=Ron,
    Goff=Goff,
    Vknee=Vknee);
  Ideal.IdealDiode IdealDiode5(
    Ron=Ron,
    Goff=Goff,
    Vknee=Vknee);
  Ideal.IdealDiode IdealDiode6(
    Ron=Ron,
    Goff=Goff,
    Vknee=Vknee);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Capacitor Capacitor1(C=2*CDC);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Capacitor Capacitor2(C=2*CDC);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground Ground1;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.SignalCurrent SignalCurrent1;
  Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Constant Constant1(k=IDC);
initial equation 
  Capacitor1.v = VAC*sqrt(2)/2;
  Capacitor2.v = VAC*sqrt(2)/2;
equation 
  uDC = Capacitor1.v + Capacitor2.v;
  iAC = {Inductor1.i,Inductor2.i,Inductor3.i};
  uAC[1] = Inductor1.n.v - Inductor2.n.v;
  uAC[2] = Inductor2.n.v - Inductor3.n.v;
  uAC[3] = Inductor3.n.v - Inductor1.n.v;
  Losses = IdealDiode1.v*IdealDiode1.i + IdealDiode2.v*IdealDiode2.i +
    IdealDiode3.v*IdealDiode3.i + IdealDiode4.v*IdealDiode4.i +
    IdealDiode5.v*IdealDiode5.i + IdealDiode6.v*IdealDiode6.i;
  connect(SineVoltage1.n, SineVoltage2.n);
  connect(SineVoltage2.n, SineVoltage3.n);
  connect(SineVoltage1.p, Inductor1.p);
  connect(SineVoltage2.p, Inductor2.p);
  connect(SineVoltage3.p, Inductor3.p);
  connect(IdealDiode1.p, IdealDiode4.n);
  connect(IdealDiode2.p, IdealDiode5.n);
  connect(IdealDiode3.p, IdealDiode6.n);
  connect(IdealDiode1.n, IdealDiode2.n);
  connect(IdealDiode2.n, IdealDiode3.n);
  connect(IdealDiode4.p, IdealDiode5.p);
  connect(IdealDiode5.p, IdealDiode6.p);
  connect(Capacitor2.n, IdealDiode6.p);
  connect(IdealDiode3.n, Capacitor1.p);
  connect(Capacitor1.n, Capacitor2.p);
  connect(Capacitor2.p, Ground1.p);
  connect(Capacitor1.p, SignalCurrent1.p);
  connect(SignalCurrent1.n, Capacitor2.n);
  connect(Constant1.y, SignalCurrent1.i);
  connect(Inductor1.n, IdealDiode1.p);
  connect(Inductor2.n, IdealDiode2.p);
  connect(Inductor3.n, IdealDiode3.p);
end Rectifier;

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Examples.ShowSaturatingInductor

Information

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for an example model).

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
Inductance	Lzer	2	Inductance near current=0 [H]
Inductance	Lnom	1	Nominal inductance at Nominal current [H]
Current	Inom	1	Nominal current [A]
Inductance	Linf	0.5	Inductance at large currents [H]
Voltage	U	1.25	source voltage (peak) [V]
Frequency	f	1/(2*Modelica.Constants.pi)	source frequency [Hz]
Angle	phase	Modelica.Constants.pi/2	source voltage phase shift [rad]

Modelica definition

model ShowSaturatingInductor 
  "Simple demo to show behaviour of SaturatingInductor component"
  extends Modelica.Icons.Example;
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Inductance Lzer=2 "Inductance near current=0";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Inductance Lnom=1 
    "Nominal inductance at Nominal current";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Current Inom=1 "Nominal current";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Inductance Linf=0.5 "Inductance at large currents";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Voltage U=1.25 "source voltage (peak)";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Frequency f=1/(2*Modelica.Constants.pi) 
    "source frequency";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Angle phase=Modelica.Constants.pi/2 
    "source voltage phase shift";
  output Modelica.SIunits.Voltage v "voltage drop over saturating inductor";
  output Modelica.SIunits.Current i "current across saturating inductor";
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.SineVoltage SineVoltage1(
    V=U,
    phase=phase,
    freqHz=f);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground Ground1;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.SaturatingInductor SaturatingInductance1(
    Lzer=Lzer,
    Lnom=Lnom,
    Inom=Inom,
    Linf=Linf);
equation 
  v=SaturatingInductance1.v;
  i=SaturatingInductance1.i;
  connect(SineVoltage1.n, Ground1.p);
  connect(SineVoltage1.n, SaturatingInductance1.n);
  connect(SaturatingInductance1.p, SineVoltage1.p);
end ShowSaturatingInductor;

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Examples.ShowVariableResistor

Information

It is a simple test circuit for the VariableResistor. The VariableResistor sould be compared with R2.

Simulate until T=1 s.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for an example model).

Modelica definition

model ShowVariableResistor "Simple demo of a VariableResistor model"
   extends Modelica.Icons.Example;

  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.VariableResistor VariableResistor;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground Ground1;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground Ground2;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Resistor R1;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Resistor R2;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Resistor R3;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Resistor R4;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Resistor R5;

  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.SineVoltage SineVoltage1;
  Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Ramp Ramp1(height=5, offset=2);
equation 
  connect(R1.n, R2.p);
  connect(R2.n, R3.p);
  connect(R4.n, VariableResistor.p);
  connect(VariableResistor.n, R5.p);
  connect(R3.n, Ground2.p);
  connect(Ground2.p, R5.n);
  connect(SineVoltage1.p, Ground1.p);
  connect(SineVoltage1.n, R1.p);
  connect(SineVoltage1.n, R4.p);
  connect(Ramp1.y, VariableResistor.R);
end ShowVariableResistor;

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Examples.SwitchWithArc

Information

This example is to compare the behaviour of switch models with and without an electric arc taking into consideration.

Simulate until T=2 s.

Plot in one windows:

switch1.i and switch2.i

The difference in the closing area shows that the simple arc model avoids the suddenly switching.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for an example model).

Modelica definition

model SwitchWithArc

  extends Modelica.Icons.Example;
  Modelica.Blocks.Sources.BooleanPulse booleanPulse;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground ground1;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.ConstantVoltage constantVoltage1(V=50);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Inductor inductor1(L=0.1);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Resistor resistor1;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Ideal.IdealClosingSwitch switch1;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground ground2;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.ConstantVoltage constantVoltage2(V=50);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Inductor inductor2(L=0.1);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Resistor resistor2;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Ideal.CloserWithArc switch2;
equation 
  connect(inductor1.n,resistor1. p);
  connect(resistor1.n,ground1. p);
  connect(constantVoltage1.n,ground1. p);
  connect(switch1.n,inductor1. p);
  connect(constantVoltage1.p,switch1. p);
  connect(inductor2.n,resistor2. p);
  connect(resistor2.n,ground2. p);
  connect(constantVoltage2.n,ground2. p);
  connect(switch2.n,inductor2. p);
  connect(constantVoltage2.p,switch2. p);
  connect(booleanPulse.y, switch1.control);
  connect(booleanPulse.y, switch2.control);
end SwitchWithArc;

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Examples.ThyristorBehaviourTest

Information

Modelica definition

model ThyristorBehaviourTest

  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground ground;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.SineVoltage sineVoltage(          V=30, freqHz=
        10000);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Resistor resistor(R=10);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.PulseCurrent pulseCurrent(
    width=10,
    period=0.0001,
    startTime=0.00002,
    I=0.005);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Semiconductors.Thyristor thyristor_v4_1;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Inductor inductor(L=2e-6);
equation 
  connect(sineVoltage.n, ground.p);
  connect(sineVoltage.p, thyristor_v4_1.Anode);
  connect(resistor.p, thyristor_v4_1.Cathode);
  connect(pulseCurrent.n, thyristor_v4_1.Gate);
  connect(resistor.p, pulseCurrent.p);
  connect(resistor.n, inductor.p);
  connect(inductor.n, ground.p);
end ThyristorBehaviourTest;

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Examples.AmplifierWithOpAmpDetailed

Information

With the test circuit AmplifierWithOpAmpDetailed a time domain analysis of the example arrangement with a sinusoidal input voltage (12 V amplitude, frequency 1 kHz) using the operational amplifier model OpAmpDetailed is carried out. The working voltages are 15 V and -15 V.

Modelica definition

model AmplifierWithOpAmpDetailed 
  "Simple Amplifier circuit which uses OpAmpDetailed"

  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.OpAmpDetailed opAmp;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Resistor resistor(R=10000);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Resistor resistor1(R=20000);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Resistor resistor2(R=10000);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.SineVoltage sineVoltage(V=12, freqHz=1000);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground ground;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.ConstantVoltage constantVoltage(V=15);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.ConstantVoltage constantVoltage1(V=-15);
equation 
  connect(resistor.n, opAmp.m);
  connect(resistor1.n, resistor2.p);
  connect(resistor.p, sineVoltage.p);
  connect(resistor1.p, opAmp.m);
  connect(sineVoltage.n, ground.p);
  connect(opAmp.p, ground.p);
  connect(resistor2.n, ground.p);
  connect(opAmp.p_supply, constantVoltage.p);
  connect(opAmp.m_supply, constantVoltage1.p);
  connect(constantVoltage.n, constantVoltage1.n);
  connect(constantVoltage1.n, ground.p);
  connect(opAmp.outp, resistor2.p);

end AmplifierWithOpAmpDetailed;

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Examples.CompareTransformers

Information

This example is o demonstrate the behaviour of transformer models. The Basic.Transformer, which consists of mutual coupled inductors,
is compared with the ideal transformer model. If the ideal model is used with considerMagnetization=true eakage inductances are taken
into account, otherwise not.

The example is constructed in such a way that the ideal transformer circuit with considerMagnetization=true shows the same behaviour as the basic transformer.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for an example model).

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
Voltage	Vdc	0.1	DC offset of voltage source [V]
Voltage	Vpeak	0.1	peak voltage of voltage source [V]
Frequency	f	10	frequency of voltage source [Hz]
Angle	phi0	pi/2	phase of voltage source [rad]
Real	n	2	turns ratio primary:secondary voltage
Resistance	R1	0.01	primary resistance w.r.t. primary side [Ohm]
Inductance	L1sigma	0.05/(2*pi*f)	primary leakage inductance w.r.t. primary side [H]
Inductance	Lm1	10./(2*pi*f)	magnetizing inductance w.r.t. primary side [H]
Inductance	L2sigma	0.05/(2*pi*f)/n^2	secondary leakage inductance w.r.t. secondary side [H]
Resistance	R2	0.01/n^2	secondary resistance w.r.t. secondary side [Ohm]
Resistance	RL	1/n^2	load resistance [Ohm]

Modelica definition

model CompareTransformers

  extends Modelica.Icons.Example;
  constant Modelica.SIunits.Angle pi = Modelica.Constants.pi;
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Voltage Vdc=0.1 "DC offset of voltage source";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Voltage Vpeak=0.1 "peak voltage of voltage source";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Frequency f=10 "frequency of voltage source";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Angle phi0=pi/2 "phase of voltage source";
  parameter Real n=2 "turns ratio primary:secondary voltage";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Resistance R1=0.01 
    "primary resistance w.r.t. primary side";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Inductance L1sigma=0.05/(2*pi*f) 
    "primary leakage inductance w.r.t. primary side";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Inductance Lm1= 10./(2*pi*f) 
    "magnetizing inductance w.r.t. primary side";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Inductance L2sigma=0.05/(2*pi*f)/n^2 
    "secondary leakage inductance w.r.t. secondary side";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Resistance R2=0.01/n^2 
    "secondary resistance w.r.t. secondary side";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Resistance RL=1/n^2 "load resistance";
  final parameter Modelica.SIunits.Inductance L1=L1sigma + M*n 
    "primary no-load inductance";
  final parameter Modelica.SIunits.Inductance L2=L2sigma + M/n 
    "secondary no-load inductance";
  final parameter Modelica.SIunits.Inductance M=Lm1/n "mutual inductance";
  output Modelica.SIunits.Voltage v1B = resistor11.n.v 
    "primary voltage, basic transformer";
  output Modelica.SIunits.Current i1B = resistor11.i 
    "primary current, basic transformer";
  output Modelica.SIunits.Voltage v2B = resistor12.p.v 
    "secondary voltage, basic transformer";
  output Modelica.SIunits.Current i2B = resistor12.i 
    "secondary current, basic transformer";
  output Modelica.SIunits.Voltage v1I = resistor21.n.v 
    "primary voltage, basic transformer";
  output Modelica.SIunits.Current i1I = resistor21.i 
    "primary current, basic transformer";
  output Modelica.SIunits.Voltage v2I = resistor22.p.v 
    "secondary voltage, basic transformer";
  output Modelica.SIunits.Current i2I = resistor22.i 
    "secondary current, basic transformer";
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.SineVoltage sineVoltage1(
    V=Vpeak,
    phase=phi0,
    freqHz=f,
    offset=Vdc);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground ground11;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Resistor resistor11(R=R1);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Resistor resistor12(R=R2);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Resistor load1(R=RL);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground ground12;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.SineVoltage sineVoltage2(
    V=Vpeak,
    phase=phi0,
    freqHz=f,
    offset=Vdc);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground ground21;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Resistor resistor21(R=R1);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Inductor inductor21(L=L1sigma);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Inductor inductor22(L=L2sigma);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Resistor resistor22(R=R2);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Resistor load2(R=RL);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground ground22;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Transformer basicTransformer(
    L1=L1,
    L2=L2,
    M=M);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Ideal.IdealTransformer idealTransformer(n=n,
      Lm1=Lm1,
    considerMagnetization=false);
equation 
  connect(sineVoltage1.n, ground11.p);
  connect(sineVoltage1.p, resistor11.p);
  connect(load1.n, ground12.p);
  connect(resistor12.n, load1.p);
  connect(sineVoltage2.n, ground21.p);
  connect(sineVoltage2.p, resistor21.p);
  connect(resistor21.n, inductor21.p);
  connect(inductor22.n, resistor22.p);
  connect(load2.n, ground22.p);
  connect(resistor22.n, load2.p);
  connect(ground11.p, basicTransformer.n1);
  connect(basicTransformer.n2, ground12.p);
  connect(basicTransformer.p1, resistor11.n);
  connect(basicTransformer.p2, resistor12.p);
  connect(ground21.p, idealTransformer.n1);
  connect(ground22.p, idealTransformer.n2);
  connect(idealTransformer.p1, inductor21.n);
  connect(idealTransformer.p2, inductor22.p);
end CompareTransformers;

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Examples.ControlledSwitchWithArc

Information

This example is to compare the behaviour of switch models with and without an electric arc taking into consideration.

Simulate until T=2 s.

Plot in one windows:

switch1.i and switch2.i

The difference in the closing area shows that the simple arc model avoids the suddenly switching.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for an example model).

Modelica definition

model ControlledSwitchWithArc

  extends Modelica.Icons.Example;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground ground1;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.ConstantVoltage constantVoltage1(V=50);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Inductor inductor1(L=0.1);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Resistor resistor1;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Ideal.ControlledIdealClosingSwitch switch1;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground ground2;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.ConstantVoltage constantVoltage2(V=50);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Inductor inductor2(L=0.1);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Resistor resistor2;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Ideal.ControlledCloserWithArc switch2;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.SineVoltage sineVoltage(V=1, freqHz=1);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground ground;
equation 
  connect(inductor1.n,resistor1. p);
  connect(resistor1.n,ground1. p);
  connect(constantVoltage1.n,ground1. p);
  connect(switch1.n,inductor1. p);
  connect(constantVoltage1.p,switch1. p);
  connect(inductor2.n,resistor2. p);
  connect(resistor2.n,ground2. p);
  connect(constantVoltage2.n,ground2. p);
  connect(switch2.n,inductor2. p);
  connect(constantVoltage2.p,switch2. p);
  connect(sineVoltage.p, switch1.control);
  connect(sineVoltage.p, switch2.control);
  connect(sineVoltage.n, ground.p);
end ControlledSwitchWithArc;

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Examples.CauerLowPassSC.Rn

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
Time	clock	1	clock [s]
Resistance	R	1	Resistance [Ohm]

Connectors

Type	Name	Description
NegativePin	n1
NegativePin	n2

Modelica definition

model Rn "negative resistance"
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Time clock=1 "clock";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Resistance R(min=Modelica.Constants.eps)=1 
    "Resistance";
  Modelica.Blocks.Sources.BooleanPulse BooleanPulse1(period=clock);

  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Capacitor Capacitor1(C=clock/R);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Ideal.IdealCommutingSwitch IdealCommutingSwitch1;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Ideal.IdealCommutingSwitch IdealCommutingSwitch2;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground Ground1;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground Ground2;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.NegativePin n1;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.NegativePin n2;
equation 
  connect(IdealCommutingSwitch1.p,Capacitor1. p);
  connect(Capacitor1.n,IdealCommutingSwitch2. p);
  connect(IdealCommutingSwitch2.control,BooleanPulse1. y);
  connect(IdealCommutingSwitch1.control,BooleanPulse1. y);
  connect(Ground2.p,IdealCommutingSwitch2. n2);
  connect(IdealCommutingSwitch2.n1,n2);
  connect(n1, IdealCommutingSwitch1.n2);
  connect(Ground1.p, IdealCommutingSwitch1.n1);
end Rn;

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Examples.CauerLowPassSC.Rp

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
Time	clock	1	clock [s]
Resistance	R	1	Resistance [Ohm]

Connectors

Type	Name	Description
NegativePin	n1
NegativePin	n2

Modelica definition

model Rp "positive resistance"

  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Time clock=1 "clock";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Resistance R(min=Modelica.Constants.eps)=1 
    "Resistance";
  Modelica.Blocks.Sources.BooleanPulse BooleanPulse1(period=clock);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Capacitor Capacitor1(C=clock/R);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Ideal.IdealCommutingSwitch IdealCommutingSwitch1;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Ideal.IdealCommutingSwitch IdealCommutingSwitch2;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground Ground1;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground Ground2;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.NegativePin n1;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.NegativePin n2;
equation 
  connect(IdealCommutingSwitch1.p, Capacitor1.p);
  connect(Capacitor1.n, IdealCommutingSwitch2.p);
  connect(IdealCommutingSwitch2.control, BooleanPulse1.y);
  connect(IdealCommutingSwitch1.control, BooleanPulse1.y);
  connect(Ground1.p, IdealCommutingSwitch1.n2);
  connect(Ground2.p, IdealCommutingSwitch2.n2);
  connect(IdealCommutingSwitch1.n1, n1);
  connect(IdealCommutingSwitch2.n1, n2);
end Rp;