Buildings.DHC.ETS.Combined.BaseClasses
Package with base classes
Information
This package contains base classes that are used to construct the classes in Buildings.DHC.ETS.Combined.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.BasesPackage (Icon for packages containing base classes).
Package Content
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| Partial model of a substation with heat pump and compressor-less cooling |
Buildings.DHC.ETS.Combined.BaseClasses.PartialHeatPumpHeatExchanger
Partial model of a substation with heat pump and compressor-less cooling
Information
This model represents an energy transfer station based on that described in Sommer (2020), with some additioinal details:
The cooling function is provided in a compressor-less mode by a heat exchanger connected to the district supply line.
- The cooling heat exchanger primary pump is modulated based on a PI control loop tracking the chilled water supply temperature at the outlet of the heat exchanger secondary side.
- The chilled water is typically produced at high temperature and distributed to radiant cooling systems, for instance at 19°C.
The space heating heating function is provided by a water-to-water heat pump Buildings.DHC.ETS.Combined.Subsystems.HeatPump.
-
By default, the condenser loop is operated
with a variable mass flow rate to maintain a difference between supply and
return water of
dT_nominal, with a lower limit of mass flow specified by the ratioratFloMin. The control logic is implemented and described in Buildings.DHC.ETS.Combined.Controls.PrimaryVariableFlow. The model can also represent a constant flow condenser loop by settinghave_varFloContofalse. - The evaporator loop is controlled according to the documentation in Buildings.DHC.ETS.Combined.Subsystems.HeatPump. Evaporator water is supplied by mixing flow directly from the district line with flow leaving the district side of the cooling heat exchanger. The hydronic arrangement modeled in Buildings.DHC.ETS.Combined.Subsystems.SwitchBox ensures that the resulting fluid stream in the district line always flows in the same direction.
- The space heating hot water is typically produced at low temperature, for instance 40°C.
Space Heating and Cooling Enable/Disable
Heating (resp. cooling) is enabled based on the input signal uHea
(resp. uCoo) which is held for 15 minutes, meaning that,
when enabled, the mode remains active for at least 15 minutes and,
when disabled, the mode cannot be enabled again for at least 15 minutes.
The heating and cooling enable signals should be computed externally based
on a schedule (to lock out the system during off-hours), ideally in conjunction
with the number of requests yielded by the terminal unit controllers, or any
other signal representative of the load.
Modeling considerations
There is a control volume at each of the two fluid ports that serve as inlet and outlet of the heating and cooling systems. These approximate the dynamics of the substation, and they also generally avoid nonlinear systems of equations if multiple substations are connected to each other.
References
Sommer T., Sulzer M., Wetter M., Sotnikov A., Mennel S., Stettler C. The reservoir network: A new network topology for district heating and cooling. Energy, Volume 199, 15 May 2020, 117418.
Extends from Buildings.DHC.ETS.BaseClasses.PartialETS (Partial class for modeling an energy transfer station).
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| replaceable package MediumSer | Water | Service side medium | |
| replaceable package MediumSerHea_a | Water | Service side medium at heating inlet | |
| replaceable package MediumBui | Water | Building side medium | |
| Generic | fue[nFue] | Fuel type | |
| Boolean | have_varFloCon | true | Set to true for heat pumps with variable condenser flow |
| Boolean | have_varFloEva | true | Set to true for heat pumps with variable evaporator flow |
| Real | ratFloMin | 0.3 | Minimum condenser mass flow rate (ratio to nominal) [1] |
| Configuration | |||
| DistrictSystemType | typ | Buildings.DHC.Types.District... | Type of district system |
| Boolean | have_heaWat | true | Set to true if the ETS supplies heating water |
| Boolean | have_hotWat | false | Set to true if the ETS supplies hot water |
| Boolean | have_chiWat | true | Set to true if the ETS supplies chilled water |
| Boolean | have_fan | false | Set to true if fan power is computed |
| Boolean | have_pum | true | Set to true if pump power is computed |
| Boolean | have_eleHea | true | Set to true if the ETS has electric heating system |
| Integer | nFue | 0 | Number of fuel types (0 means no combustion system) |
| Boolean | have_eleCoo | false | Set to true if the ETS has electric cooling system |
| Boolean | have_weaBus | false | Set to true to use a weather bus |
| Nominal condition | |||
| HeatFlowRate | QHeaWat_flow_nominal | 0 | Nominal capacity of heating system (>=0) [W] |
| HeatFlowRate | QHotWat_flow_nominal | 0 | Nominal capacity of hot water production system (>=0) [W] |
| HeatFlowRate | QChiWat_flow_nominal | 0 | Nominal capacity of cooling system (<=0) [W] |
| TemperatureDifference | dT_nominal | 5 | Water temperature drop/increase accross load and source-side HX (always positive) [K] |
| Temperature | THeaWatSup_nominal | 313.15 | Heating water supply temperature [K] |
| Temperature | THotWatSup_nominal | 336.15 | Domestic hot water supply temperature to fixtures [K] |
| Temperature | TColWat_nominal | 288.15 | Cold water temperature (for hot water production) [K] |
| Pressure | dp_nominal | 50000 | Pressure difference at nominal flow rate (for each flow leg) [Pa] |
| Real | COPHeaWat_nominal | COP of heat pump for heating water production [1] | |
| Real | COPHotWat_nominal | COP of heat pump for hot water production [1] | |
| DHC system | |||
| Temperature | TDisWatMin | District water minimum temperature [K] | |
| Temperature | TDisWatMax | District water maximum temperature [K] | |
| Nominal conditions | |||
| Temperature | TChiWatSup_nominal | 291.15 | Chilled water supply temperature [K] |
| Assumptions | |||
| Boolean | allowFlowReversalSer | false | Set to true to allow flow reversal on service side |
| Boolean | allowFlowReversalBui | false | Set to true to allow flow reversal on building side |
| Dynamics | |||
| Dynamics | mixingVolumeEnergyDynamics | Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamic... | Formulation of energy balance for mixing volume at inlet and outlet |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FluidPorts_a | ports_aHeaWat[nPorts_aHeaWat] | Fluid connectors for heating water return (from building) |
| FluidPorts_b | ports_bHeaWat[nPorts_bHeaWat] | Fluid connectors for heating water supply (to building) |
| FluidPorts_a | ports_aChiWat[nPorts_aChiWat] | Fluid connectors for chilled water return (from building) |
| FluidPorts_b | ports_bChiWat[nPorts_bChiWat] | Fluid connectors for chilled water supply (to building) |
| FluidPort_a | port_aSerAmb | Fluid connector for ambient water service supply line |
| FluidPort_b | port_bSerAmb | Fluid connector for ambient water service return line |
| FluidPort_a | port_aSerHea | Fluid connector for heating service supply line |
| FluidPort_b | port_bSerHea | Fluid connector for heating service return line |
| FluidPort_a | port_aSerCoo | Fluid connector for cooling service supply line |
| FluidPort_b | port_bSerCoo | Fluid connector for cooling service return line |
| output RealOutput | PHea | Power drawn by heating system [W] |
| output RealOutput | PCoo | Power drawn by cooling system [W] |
| output RealOutput | PFan | Power drawn by fan motors [W] |
| output RealOutput | PPum | Power drawn by pump motors [W] |
| output RealOutput | QFue_flow[nFue] | Fuel energy input rate [W] |
| Bus | weaBus | Weather data bus |
| input BooleanInput | uCoo | Cooling enable signal |
| input BooleanInput | uHea | Heating enable signal |
| input BooleanInput | uSHW | SHW production enable signal |
| input RealInput | THeaWatSupSet | Heating water supply temperature set point [K] |
| input RealInput | THotWatSupSet | Domestic hot water temperature set point for supply to fixtures [K] |
| input RealInput | TColWat | Cold water temperature [K] |
| input RealInput | QReqHotWat_flow | Service hot water load [W] |
| input RealInput | TChiWatSupSet | Chilled water supply temperature set point [K] |
| output RealOutput | mHea_flow | District water mass flow rate used for heating service [kg/s] |
| output RealOutput | mCoo_flow | District water mass flow rate used for cooling service [kg/s] |