Buildings.Fluid.FixedResistances.BaseClasses
Information
This package contains base classes that are used to construct the models in Buildings.Fluid.FixedResistances.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.BasesPackage (Icon for packages containing base classes).
Package Content
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
 Pipe
|
Model of a pipe with finite volume discretization along the flow path |
Buildings.Fluid.FixedResistances.BaseClasses.Pipe
Model of a pipe with finite volume discretization along the flow path
Information
Model of a pipe with flow resistance and optional heat storage.
This model can be used for modeling the heat exchange between the pipe and environment.
The model consists of a flow resistance
Buildings.Fluid.FixedResistances.PressureDrop
and nSeg mixing volumes
Buildings.Fluid.MixingVolumes.MixingVolume.
Extends from Buildings.Fluid.Interfaces.LumpedVolumeDeclarations (Declarations for lumped volumes), Buildings.Fluid.Interfaces.PartialTwoPortInterface (Partial model transporting fluid between two ports without storing mass or energy), Buildings.Fluid.Interfaces.TwoPortFlowResistanceParameters (Parameters for flow resistance for models with two ports).
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| replaceable package Medium | PartialMedium | Medium in the component | |
| Integer | nSeg | 10 | Number of volume segments |
| Length | thicknessIns | Thickness of insulation [m] | |
| ThermalConductivity | lambdaIns | Heat conductivity of insulation [W/(m.K)] | |
| Length | diameter | Pipe diameter (without insulation) [m] | |
| Length | length | Length of the pipe [m] | |
| Nominal condition | |||
| MassFlowRate | m_flow_nominal | Nominal mass flow rate [kg/s] | |
| PressureDifference | dp_nominal | Pressure difference [Pa] | |
| Dynamics | |||
| Equations | |||
| Dynamics | energyDynamics | Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamic... | Type of energy balance: dynamic (3 initialization options) or steady state |
| Dynamics | massDynamics | energyDynamics | Type of mass balance: dynamic (3 initialization options) or steady state |
| Real | mSenFac | 1 | Factor for scaling the sensible thermal mass of the volume |
| Initialization | |||
| AbsolutePressure | p_start | Medium.p_default | Start value of pressure [Pa] |
| Temperature | T_start | Medium.T_default | Start value of temperature [K] |
| MassFraction | X_start[Medium.nX] | Medium.X_default | Start value of mass fractions m_i/m [kg/kg] |
| ExtraProperty | C_start[Medium.nC] | fill(0, Medium.nC) | Start value of trace substances |
| ExtraProperty | C_nominal[Medium.nC] | fill(1E-2, Medium.nC) | Nominal value of trace substances. (Set to typical order of magnitude.) |
| Assumptions | |||
| Boolean | allowFlowReversal | true | = false to simplify equations, assuming, but not enforcing, no flow reversal |
| Advanced | |||
| MassFlowRate | m_flow_small | 1E-4*abs(m_flow_nominal) | Small mass flow rate for regularization of zero flow [kg/s] |
| Boolean | homotopyInitialization | true | = true, use homotopy method |
| Diagnostics | |||
| Boolean | show_T | true | = true, if actual temperature at port is computed |
| Flow resistance | |||
| Boolean | computeFlowResistance | (abs(dp_nominal) > Modelica.... | =true, compute flow resistance. Set to false to assume no friction |
| Boolean | from_dp | false | = true, use m_flow = f(dp) else dp = f(m_flow) |
| Boolean | linearizeFlowResistance | false | = true, use linear relation between m_flow and dp for any flow rate |
| Real | deltaM | 0.1 | Fraction of nominal flow rate where flow transitions to laminar |
| Real | ReC | 4000 | Reynolds number where transition to turbulent starts |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FluidPort_a | port_a | Fluid connector a (positive design flow direction is from port_a to port_b) |
| FluidPort_b | port_b | Fluid connector b (positive design flow direction is from port_a to port_b) |
Modelica definition
model Pipe
"Model of a pipe with finite volume discretization along the flow path"
extends Buildings.Fluid.Interfaces.LumpedVolumeDeclarations;
extends Buildings.Fluid.Interfaces.PartialTwoPortInterface(final show_T=true);
extends Buildings.Fluid.Interfaces.TwoPortFlowResistanceParameters(final
computeFlowResistance=(abs(dp_nominal) > Modelica.Constants.eps));
parameter Integer nSeg(min=1) = 10 "Number of volume segments";
parameter Modelica.SIunits.Length thicknessIns "Thickness of insulation";
parameter Modelica.SIunits.ThermalConductivity lambdaIns
"Heat conductivity of insulation";
parameter Modelica.SIunits.Length diameter
"Pipe diameter (without insulation)";
parameter Modelica.SIunits.Length length "Length of the pipe";
parameter Real ReC=4000
"Reynolds number where transition to turbulent starts";
parameter Boolean homotopyInitialization=true "= true, use homotopy method";
Buildings.Fluid.FixedResistances.PressureDrop preDro(
redeclare final package Medium = Medium,
final from_dp=from_dp,
final show_T=show_T,
final m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal,
final dp_nominal=dp_nominal,
final allowFlowReversal=allowFlowReversal,
final linearized=linearizeFlowResistance,
final homotopyInitialization=homotopyInitialization) "Flow resistance";
Buildings.Fluid.MixingVolumes.BaseClasses.MixingVolumeHeatPort[nSeg] vol(
redeclare each final package Medium = Medium,
each energyDynamics=energyDynamics,
each massDynamics=massDynamics,
final initialize_p={(i == 1 and (not Medium.singleState)) for i in 1:nSeg},
each final V=VPipe/nSeg,
each nPorts=2,
each final m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal,
each prescribedHeatFlowRate=true,
each p_start=p_start,
each T_start=T_start,
each X_start=X_start,
each C_start=C_start,
each C_nominal=C_nominal,
each final m_flow_small=m_flow_small,
each final allowFlowReversal=allowFlowReversal) "Volume for pipe fluid";
protected
parameter Modelica.SIunits.Volume VPipe=Modelica.Constants.pi*(diameter/2.0)^2
*length "Pipe volume";
parameter Medium.ThermodynamicState state_default=Medium.setState_pTX(
T=Medium.T_default,
p=Medium.p_default,
X=Medium.X_default[1:Medium.nXi]) "Default state";
parameter Modelica.SIunits.Density rho_default=Medium.density(state_default);
parameter Modelica.SIunits.DynamicViscosity mu_default=
Medium.dynamicViscosity(state_default)
"Dynamic viscosity at nominal condition";
equation
connect(port_a, preDro.port_a);
connect(preDro.port_b, vol[1].ports[1]);
if nSeg > 1 then
for i in 1:(nSeg - 1) loop
connect(vol[i].ports[2], vol[i + 1].ports[1]);
end for;
end if;
connect(vol[nSeg].ports[2], port_b);
end Pipe;