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Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses

Package with base classes for Buildings.Fluid.Movers

Information

This package contains base classes that are used to construct the models in Buildings.Fluid.Movers.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.BasesPackage (Icon for packages containing base classes).

Package Content

Name Description
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.FlowControlled FlowControlled Partial model for fan or pump with ideally controlled mass flow rate or head as input signal
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.FlowMachineInterface FlowMachineInterface Partial model with performance curves for fans or pumps
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.IdealSource IdealSource Base class for pressure and mass flow source with optional power input
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.PartialFlowMachine PartialFlowMachine Partial model to interface fan or pump models with the medium
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.PowerInterface PowerInterface Partial model to compute power draw and heat dissipation of fans and pumps
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.SpeedControlled SpeedControlled Partial model for fan or pump with speed (y or Nrpm) as input signal
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.Characteristics Characteristics Functions for fan or pump characteristics

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.FlowControlled Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.FlowControlled

Partial model for fan or pump with ideally controlled mass flow rate or head as input signal

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.FlowControlled

Information

This model describes a fan or pump that takes as an input the head or the mass flow rate.

Extends from Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.PartialFlowMachine (Partial model to interface fan or pump models with the medium), Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.PowerInterface (Partial model to compute power draw and heat dissipation of fans and pumps).

Parameters

TypeNameDefaultDescription
replaceable package MediumPartialMediumMedium in the component
BooleanaddPowerToMediumtrueSet to false to avoid any power (=heat and flow work) being added to medium (may give simpler equations)
Densityrho_defaultMedium.density(sta_default)Fluid density at medium default state [kg/m3]
Booleancontrol_m_flow = false to control head instead of m_flow
FlowControlledperredeclare parameter Data.Flo...Record with performance data
Nominal condition
MassFlowRatem_flow_nominal Nominal mass flow rate [kg/s]
Initialization
MassFlowRatem_flow.start0Mass flow rate from port_a to port_b (m_flow > 0 is design flow direction) [kg/s]
Pressuredp.start0Pressure difference between port_a and port_b [Pa]
Characteristics
Booleanuse_powerCharacteristicfalseUse powerCharacteristic (vs. efficiencyCharacteristic)
BooleanmotorCooledByFluidtrueIf true (and if addPowerToMedium = true), then motor heat is added to fluid stream
Dynamics
Equations
DynamicsenergyDynamicsModelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamic...Formulation of energy balance
DynamicsmassDynamicsenergyDynamicsFormulation of mass balance
BooleandynamicBalancetrueSet to true to use a dynamic balance, which often leads to smaller systems of equations
Nominal condition
Timetau1Time constant of fluid volume for nominal flow, used if dynamicBalance=true [s]
Initialization
AbsolutePressurep_startMedium.p_defaultStart value of pressure [Pa]
TemperatureT_startMedium.T_defaultStart value of temperature [K]
MassFractionX_start[Medium.nX]Medium.X_defaultStart value of mass fractions m_i/m [kg/kg]
ExtraPropertyC_start[Medium.nC]fill(0, Medium.nC)Start value of trace substances
ExtraPropertyC_nominal[Medium.nC]fill(1E-2, Medium.nC)Nominal value of trace substances. (Set to typical order of magnitude.)
Assumptions
BooleanallowFlowReversaltrue= true to allow flow reversal, false restricts to design direction (port_a -> port_b)
Advanced
MassFlowRatem_flow_small1E-4*abs(m_flow_nominal)Small mass flow rate for regularization of zero flow [kg/s]
BooleanhomotopyInitializationtrue= true, use homotopy method
Diagnostics
Booleanshow_Tfalse= true, if actual temperature at port is computed

Connectors

TypeNameDescription
FluidPort_aport_aFluid connector a (positive design flow direction is from port_a to port_b)
FluidPort_bport_bFluid connector b (positive design flow direction is from port_a to port_b)
HeatPort_aheatPortHeat dissipation to environment
output RealOutputPElectrical power consumed [W]

Modelica definition

model FlowControlled "Partial model for fan or pump with ideally controlled mass flow rate or head as input signal" extends Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.PartialFlowMachine( preSou(final control_m_flow=control_m_flow)); extends Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.PowerInterface( _perPow(hydraulicEfficiency=per.hydraulicEfficiency, motorEfficiency=per.motorEfficiency, power=per.power, motorCooledByFluid=per.motorCooledByFluid, use_powerCharacteristic = per.use_powerCharacteristic), delta_V_flow = 1E-3*V_flow_max, final rho_default = Medium.density(sta_default)); import cha = Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.Characteristics; // what to control constant Boolean control_m_flow "= false to control head instead of m_flow"; replaceable parameter Data.FlowControlled per "Record with performance data"; Real r_V(start=1) "Ratio V_flow/V_flow_max = V_flow/V_flow(dp=0, N=N_nominal)"; protected final parameter Medium.AbsolutePressure p_a_default(displayUnit="Pa") = Medium.p_default "Nominal inlet pressure for predefined fan or pump characteristics"; parameter Modelica.SIunits.VolumeFlowRate V_flow_max=m_flow_nominal/rho_default "Maximum volume flow rate"; parameter Medium.ThermodynamicState sta_default = Medium.setState_pTX( T=Medium.T_default, p=Medium.p_default, X=Medium.X_default[1:Medium.nXi]) "Default medium state"; Modelica.Blocks.Sources.RealExpression PToMedium_flow(y=Q_flow + WFlo) if addPowerToMedium "Heat and work input into medium"; equation r_V = VMachine_flow/V_flow_max; etaHyd = cha.efficiency(per=per.hydraulicEfficiency, V_flow=VMachine_flow, d=hydDer, r_N=1, delta=1E-4); etaMot = cha.efficiency(per=per.motorEfficiency, V_flow=VMachine_flow, d=motDer, r_N=1, delta=1E-4); dpMachine = -dp; VMachine_flow = port_a.m_flow/rho_in; // To compute the electrical power, we set a lower bound for eta to avoid // a division by zero. P = WFlo / Buildings.Utilities.Math.Functions.smoothMax(x1=eta, x2=1E-5, deltaX=1E-6); connect(PToMedium_flow.y, prePow.Q_flow); end FlowControlled;

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.FlowMachineInterface Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.FlowMachineInterface

Partial model with performance curves for fans or pumps

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.FlowMachineInterface

Information

This is an interface that implements the functions to compute the head, power draw and efficiency of fans and pumps. It is used by the model FlowControlledMachine.

The nominal hydraulic characteristic (volume flow rate versus total pressure) is given by a set of data points using the data record data, which is an instance of Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Data.Generic. A cubic hermite spline with linear extrapolation is used to compute the performance at other operating points.

The fan or pump energy balance can be specified in two alternative ways:

Implementation

For numerical reasons, the user-provided data points for volume flow rate versus pressure rise are modified to add a fan internal flow resistance. Because this flow resistance is subtracted during the simulation when computing the fan pressure rise, the model reproduces the exact points that were provided by the user.

Also for numerical reasons, the pressure rise at zero flow rate and the flow rate at zero pressure rise is added to the user-provided data, unless the user already provides these data points. Since Modelica 3.2 does not allow dynamic memory allocation, this implementation required the use of three different arrays for the situation where no additional point is added, where one additional point is added and where two additional points are added. The parameter curve causes the correct data record to be used during the simulation.

Extends from Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.PowerInterface (Partial model to compute power draw and heat dissipation of fans and pumps).

Parameters

TypeNameDefaultDescription
Densityrho_default Fluid density at medium default state [kg/m3]
Characteristics
Booleanuse_powerCharacteristicfalseUse powerCharacteristic (vs. efficiencyCharacteristic)
BooleanmotorCooledByFluidtrueIf true (and if addPowerToMedium = true), then motor heat is added to fluid stream
Advanced
BooleanhomotopyInitializationtrue= true, use homotopy method
Dynamics
Filtered speed
BooleanfilteredSpeedtrue= true, if speed is filtered with a 2nd order CriticalDamping filter
TimeriseTime30Rise time of the filter (time to reach 99.6 % of the speed) [s]
InitinitModelica.Blocks.Types.Init.I...Type of initialization (no init/steady state/initial state/initial output)
Realy_start0Initial value of speed [1]

Connectors

TypeNameDescription
output RealOutputPElectrical power consumed [W]
output RealOutputy_actual[1]

Modelica definition

partial model FlowMachineInterface "Partial model with performance curves for fans or pumps" extends Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.PowerInterface( VMachine_flow(nominal=V_flow_nominal, start=V_flow_nominal), delta_V_flow = 1E-3*V_flow_max, _perPow(hydraulicEfficiency=_per_y.hydraulicEfficiency, motorEfficiency=_per_y.motorEfficiency, power=_per_y.power, motorCooledByFluid=_per_y.motorCooledByFluid, use_powerCharacteristic=_per_y.use_powerCharacteristic)); import Modelica.Constants; import cha = Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.Characteristics; final parameter Modelica.SIunits.VolumeFlowRate V_flow_nominal= _per_y.pressure.V_flow[nOri] "Nominal volume flow rate, used for homotopy"; parameter Boolean homotopyInitialization = true "= true, use homotopy method"; // Classes used to implement the filtered speed parameter Boolean filteredSpeed=true "= true, if speed is filtered with a 2nd order CriticalDamping filter"; parameter Modelica.SIunits.Time riseTime=30 "Rise time of the filter (time to reach 99.6 % of the speed)"; parameter Modelica.Blocks.Types.Init init=Modelica.Blocks.Types.Init.InitialOutput "Type of initialization (no init/steady state/initial state/initial output)"; parameter Real y_start(min=0, max=1, unit="1")=0 "Initial value of speed"; // Normalized speed Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput y_actual(min=0, final unit="1"); // "Shaft rotational speed"; Real r_N(min=0, start=y_start, unit="1") "Ratio N_actual/N_nominal"; Real r_V(start=1, unit="1") "Ratio V_flow/V_flow_max"; protected Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput y_filtered(min=0, start=y_start) if filteredSpeed "Filtered speed in the range 0..1"; Modelica.Blocks.Continuous.Filter filter( order=2, f_cut=5/(2*Modelica.Constants.pi*riseTime), final init=init, final y_start=y_start, x(each stateSelect=StateSelect.always), u_nominal=1, u(final unit="1"), y(final unit="1"), final analogFilter=Modelica.Blocks.Types.AnalogFilter.CriticalDamping, final filterType=Modelica.Blocks.Types.FilterType.LowPass) if filteredSpeed "Second order filter to approximate valve opening time, and to improve numerics"; parameter Data.SpeedControlled_y _per_y "Record with performance data"; parameter Modelica.SIunits.VolumeFlowRate V_flow_max= if haveVMax then _per_y.pressure.V_flow[nOri] else _per_y.pressure.V_flow[nOri] - (_per_y.pressure.V_flow[nOri] - _per_y.pressure.V_flow[ nOri - 1])/((_per_y.pressure.dp[nOri] - _per_y.pressure.dp[nOri - 1]))*_per_y.pressure.dp[nOri] "Maximum volume flow rate, used for smoothing"; parameter Modelica.SIunits.VolumeFlowRate VDelta_flow( fixed=false, start=delta*V_flow_nominal) "Small volume flow rate"; parameter Modelica.SIunits.Pressure dpDelta( fixed=false, start=100) "Small pressure"; parameter Real delta = 0.05 "Small value used to transition to other fan curve"; parameter Real cBar[2](each fixed=false) "Coefficients for linear approximation of pressure vs. flow rate"; parameter Modelica.SIunits.Pressure dpMax = if haveDPMax then _per_y.pressure.dp[1] else _per_y.pressure.dp[1] - ((_per_y.pressure.dp[2] - _per_y.pressure.dp[1])/( _per_y.pressure.V_flow[2] - _per_y.pressure.V_flow[1]))*_per_y.pressure.V_flow[1] "Maximum head"; parameter Real kRes(min=0, unit="kg/(s.m4)") = dpMax/V_flow_max*delta^2/10 "Coefficient for internal pressure drop of fan or pump"; parameter Integer curve= if (haveVMax and haveDPMax) or (nOri == 2) then 1 elseif haveVMax or haveDPMax then 2 else 3 "Flag, used to pick the right representatio of the fan or pump pressure curve"; final parameter Integer nOri = size(_per_y.pressure.V_flow, 1) "Number of data points for pressure curve"; final parameter Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.Characteristics.flowParametersInternal pCur1( final n = nOri, final V_flow = if (haveVMax and haveDPMax) or (nOri == 2) then {_per_y.pressure.V_flow[i] for i in 1:nOri} else zeros(nOri), final dp = if (haveVMax and haveDPMax) or (nOri == 2) then {(_per_y.pressure.dp[i] + _per_y.pressure.V_flow[i] * kRes) for i in 1:nOri} else zeros(nOri)) "Volume flow rate vs. total pressure rise with correction for pump resistance added"; parameter Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.Characteristics.flowParametersInternal pCur2( final n = nOri + 1, V_flow = if (haveVMax and haveDPMax) or (nOri == 2) then zeros(nOri + 1) elseif haveVMax then cat(1, {0}, {_per_y.pressure.V_flow[i] for i in 1:nOri}) elseif haveDPMax then cat(1, { _per_y.pressure.V_flow[i] for i in 1:nOri}, {V_flow_max}) else zeros(nOri + 1), dp = if (haveVMax and haveDPMax) or (nOri == 2) then zeros(nOri + 1) elseif haveVMax then cat(1, {dpMax}, {_per_y.pressure.dp[i] + _per_y.pressure.V_flow[i] * kRes for i in 1:nOri}) elseif haveDPMax then cat(1, {_per_y.pressure.dp[i] + _per_y.pressure.V_flow[i] * kRes for i in 1:nOri}, {0}) else zeros(nOri+1)) "Volume flow rate vs. total pressure rise with correction for pump resistance added"; parameter Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.Characteristics.flowParametersInternal pCur3( final n = nOri + 2, V_flow = if (haveVMax and haveDPMax) or (nOri == 2) then zeros(nOri + 2) elseif haveVMax or haveDPMax then zeros(nOri + 2) else cat(1, {0}, {_per_y.pressure.V_flow[i] for i in 1:nOri}, {V_flow_max}), dp = if (haveVMax and haveDPMax) or (nOri == 2) then zeros(nOri + 2) elseif haveVMax or haveDPMax then zeros(nOri + 2) else cat(1, {dpMax}, {_per_y.pressure.dp[i] + _per_y.pressure.V_flow[i] * kRes for i in 1:nOri}, {0})) "Volume flow rate vs. total pressure rise with correction for pump resistance added"; parameter Real preDer1[nOri](each fixed=false) "Derivatives of flow rate vs. pressure at the support points"; parameter Real preDer2[nOri+1](each fixed=false) "Derivatives of flow rate vs. pressure at the support points"; parameter Real preDer3[nOri+2](each fixed=false) "Derivatives of flow rate vs. pressure at the support points"; parameter Real powDer[size(_per_y.power.V_flow,1)]= if _per_y.use_powerCharacteristic then Buildings.Utilities.Math.Functions.splineDerivatives( x=_per_y.power.V_flow, y=_per_y.power.P, ensureMonotonicity=Buildings.Utilities.Math.Functions.isMonotonic(x=_per_y.power.P, strict=false)) else zeros(size(_per_y.power.V_flow,1)) "Coefficients for polynomial of pressure vs. flow rate"; parameter Boolean haveMinimumDecrease= Modelica.Math.BooleanVectors.allTrue({(_per_y.pressure.dp[i + 1] - _per_y.pressure.dp[i])/(_per_y.pressure.V_flow[i + 1] - _per_y.pressure.V_flow[ i]) < -kRes for i in 1:nOri - 1}) "Flag used for reporting"; parameter Boolean haveDPMax = (abs(_per_y.pressure.V_flow[1]) < Modelica.Constants.eps) "Flag, true if user specified data that contain dpMax"; parameter Boolean haveVMax = (abs(_per_y.pressure.dp[nOri]) < Modelica.Constants.eps) "Flag, true if user specified data that contain V_flow_max"; // Variables Modelica.SIunits.Density rho "Medium density"; function getPerformanceDataAsString input Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.Characteristics.flowParameters pressure "Performance data"; input Real derivative[:](unit="kg/(s.m4)") "Derivative"; input Integer minimumLength = 6 "Minimum width of result"; input Integer significantDigits = 6 "Number of significant digits"; output String str "String representation"; algorithm str :=""; for i in 1:size(derivative, 1) loop str :=str + " V_flow[" + String(i) + "]=" + String( pressure.V_flow[i], minimumLength=minimumLength, significantDigits=significantDigits) + "\t" + "dp[" + String(i) + "]=" + String( pressure.dp[i], minimumLength=minimumLength, significantDigits=significantDigits) + "\tResulting derivative dp/dV_flow = " + String( derivative[i], minimumLength=minimumLength, significantDigits=significantDigits) + "\n"; end for; end getPerformanceDataAsString; function getArrayAsString input Real array[:] "Array to be printed"; input String varName "Variable name"; input Integer minimumLength = 6 "Minimum width of result"; input Integer significantDigits = 6 "Number of significant digits"; output String str "String representation"; algorithm str :=""; for i in 1:size(array, 1) loop str :=str + " " + varName + "[" + String(i) + "]=" + String( array[i], minimumLength=minimumLength, significantDigits=significantDigits) + "\n"; end for; end getArrayAsString; initial algorithm // Check validity of data assert(nOri > 1, "Must have at least two data points for pressure.V_flow."); assert(Buildings.Utilities.Math.Functions.isMonotonic(x=_per_y.pressure.V_flow, strict=true) and _per_y.pressure.V_flow[1] > -Modelica.Constants.eps, "The fan pressure rise must be a strictly decreasing sequence with respect to the volume flow rate, with the first element for the fan pressure raise being non-zero. The following performance data have been entered: " + getArrayAsString(_per_y.pressure.V_flow, "pressure.V_flow")); if not haveVMax then assert((_per_y.pressure.V_flow[nOri]-_per_y.pressure.V_flow[nOri-1]) /((_per_y.pressure.dp[nOri]-_per_y.pressure.dp[nOri-1]))<0, "The last two pressure points for the fan or pump performance curve must be decreasing. You need to set more reasonable parameters. Received " + getArrayAsString(_per_y.pressure.dp, "dp")); end if; // Write warning if the volumetric flow rate versus pressure curve does not satisfy // the minimum decrease condition if (not haveMinimumDecrease) then Modelica.Utilities.Streams.print(" Warning: ======== It is recommended that the volume flow rate versus pressure relation of the fan or pump satisfies the minimum decrease condition (_per_y.pressure.dp[i+1]-_per_y.pressure.dp[i]) d[i] = ------------------------------------------------- < " + String(-kRes) + " (_per_y.pressure.V_flow[i+1]-_per_y.pressure.V_flow[i]) is " + getArrayAsString({(_per_y.pressure.dp[i+1]-_per_y.pressure.dp[i]) /(_per_y.pressure.V_flow[i+1]-_per_y.pressure.V_flow[i]) for i in 1:nOri-1}, "d") + " Otherwise, a solution to the equations may not exist if the fan or pump speed is reduced. In this situation, the solver will fail due to non-convergence and the simulation stops."); end if; // Correction for flow resistance of pump or fan if (haveVMax and haveDPMax) or (nOri == 2) then // ----- Curve 1 // V_flow_max and dpMax are provided by the user, or we only have two data points preDer1:=Buildings.Utilities.Math.Functions.splineDerivatives(x=pCur1.V_flow, y=pCur1.dp); preDer2:=zeros(nOri + 1); preDer3:=zeros(nOri + 2); // Equation to compute dpDelta dpDelta :=cha.pressure( per=pCur1, V_flow=0, r_N=delta, VDelta_flow=0, dpDelta=0, V_flow_max=Modelica.Constants.eps, dpMax=0, delta=0, d=preDer1, cBar=zeros(2), kRes=kRes); // Equation to compute VDelta_flow. By the affinity laws, the volume flow rate is proportional to the speed. VDelta_flow :=V_flow_max*delta; // Linear equations to determine cBar // Conditions for r_N=delta, V_flow = VDelta_flow // Conditions for r_N=delta, V_flow = 0 // used in equation 20 in Buildings/Resources/Images/Fluid/Movers/UsersGuide/2013-IBPSA-Wetter.pdf // see function Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.Characteristics.flowApproximationAtOrigin cBar[1] :=cha.pressure( per=pCur1, V_flow=0, r_N=delta, VDelta_flow=0, dpDelta=0, V_flow_max=Modelica.Constants.eps, dpMax=0, delta=0, d=preDer1, cBar=zeros(2), kRes=kRes)*(1 - delta)/delta^2; cBar[2] :=((cha.pressure( per=pCur1, V_flow=VDelta_flow, r_N=delta, VDelta_flow=0, dpDelta=0, V_flow_max=Modelica.Constants.eps, dpMax=0, delta=0, d=preDer1, cBar=zeros(2), kRes=kRes) - delta*dpDelta)/delta^2 - cBar[1])/VDelta_flow; elseif haveVMax or haveDPMax then // ----- Curve 2 // V_flow_max or dpMax is provided by the user, but not both preDer1:=zeros(nOri); preDer2:=Buildings.Utilities.Math.Functions.splineDerivatives(x=pCur2.V_flow, y=pCur2.dp); preDer3:=zeros(nOri + 2); // Equation to compute dpDelta dpDelta :=cha.pressure( per=pCur2, V_flow=0, r_N=delta, VDelta_flow=0, dpDelta=0, V_flow_max=Modelica.Constants.eps, dpMax=0, delta=0, d=preDer2, cBar=zeros(2), kRes=kRes); // Equation to compute VDelta_flow. By the affinity laws, the volume flow rate is proportional to the speed. VDelta_flow :=V_flow_max*delta; // Linear equations to determine cBar // Conditions for r_N=delta, V_flow = VDelta_flow // Conditions for r_N=delta, V_flow = 0 // used in equation 20 in Buildings/Resources/Images/Fluid/Movers/UsersGuide/2013-IBPSA-Wetter.pdf // see function Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.Characteristics.flowApproximationAtOrigin cBar[1] :=cha.pressure( per=pCur2, V_flow=0, r_N=delta, VDelta_flow=0, dpDelta=0, V_flow_max=Modelica.Constants.eps, dpMax=0, delta=0, d=preDer2, cBar=zeros(2), kRes=kRes)*(1 - delta)/delta^2; cBar[2] :=((cha.pressure( per=pCur2, V_flow=VDelta_flow, r_N=delta, VDelta_flow=0, dpDelta=0, V_flow_max=Modelica.Constants.eps, dpMax=0, delta=0, d=preDer2, cBar=zeros(2), kRes=kRes) - delta*dpDelta)/delta^2 - cBar[1])/VDelta_flow; else // ----- Curve 3 // Neither V_flow_max nor dpMax are provided by the user preDer1:=zeros(nOri); preDer2:=zeros(nOri + 1); preDer3:=Buildings.Utilities.Math.Functions.splineDerivatives(x=pCur3.V_flow, y=pCur3.dp); // Equation to compute dpDelta dpDelta :=cha.pressure( per=pCur3, V_flow=0, r_N=delta, VDelta_flow=0, dpDelta=0, V_flow_max=Modelica.Constants.eps, dpMax=0, delta=0, d=preDer3, cBar=zeros(2), kRes=kRes); // Equation to compute VDelta_flow. By the affinity laws, the volume flow rate is proportional to the speed. VDelta_flow :=V_flow_max*delta; // Linear equations to determine cBar // Conditions for r_N=delta, V_flow = VDelta_flow // Conditions for r_N=delta, V_flow = 0 // used in equation 20 in Buildings/Resources/Images/Fluid/Movers/UsersGuide/2013-IBPSA-Wetter.pdf // see function Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.Characteristics.flowApproximationAtOrigin cBar[1] :=cha.pressure( per=pCur3, V_flow=0, r_N=delta, VDelta_flow=0, dpDelta=0, V_flow_max=Modelica.Constants.eps, dpMax=0, delta=0, d=preDer3, cBar=zeros(2), kRes=kRes)*(1 - delta)/delta^2; cBar[2] :=((cha.pressure( per=pCur3, V_flow=VDelta_flow, r_N=delta, VDelta_flow=0, dpDelta=0, V_flow_max=Modelica.Constants.eps, dpMax=0, delta=0, d=preDer3, cBar=zeros(2), kRes=kRes) - delta*dpDelta)/delta^2 - cBar[1])/VDelta_flow; end if; equation // Hydraulic equations r_N = y_actual; r_V = VMachine_flow/V_flow_max; // For the homotopy method, we approximate dpMachine by an equation // that is linear in VMachine_flow, and that goes linearly to 0 as r_N goes to 0. // The three branches below are identical, except that we pass either // pCur1, pCur2 or pCur3, and preDer1, preDer2 or preDer3 if (curve == 1) then if homotopyInitialization then dpMachine = homotopy(actual=cha.pressure(per=pCur1, V_flow=VMachine_flow, r_N=r_N, VDelta_flow=VDelta_flow, dpDelta=dpDelta, V_flow_max=V_flow_max, dpMax=dpMax, delta=delta, d=preDer1, cBar=cBar, kRes=kRes), simplified=r_N* (cha.pressure(per=pCur1, V_flow=V_flow_nominal, r_N=1, VDelta_flow=VDelta_flow, dpDelta=dpDelta, V_flow_max=V_flow_max, dpMax=dpMax, delta=delta, d=preDer1, cBar=cBar, kRes=kRes) +(VMachine_flow-V_flow_nominal)* (cha.pressure(per=pCur1, V_flow=(1+delta)*V_flow_nominal, r_N=1, VDelta_flow=VDelta_flow, dpDelta=dpDelta, V_flow_max=V_flow_max, dpMax=dpMax, delta=delta, d=preDer1, cBar=cBar, kRes=kRes) -cha.pressure(per=pCur1, V_flow=(1-delta)*V_flow_nominal, r_N=1, VDelta_flow=VDelta_flow, dpDelta=dpDelta, V_flow_max=V_flow_max, dpMax=dpMax, delta=delta, d=preDer1, cBar=cBar, kRes=kRes)) /(2*delta*V_flow_nominal))); else dpMachine = cha.pressure(per=pCur1, V_flow=VMachine_flow, r_N=r_N, VDelta_flow=VDelta_flow, dpDelta=dpDelta, V_flow_max=V_flow_max, dpMax=dpMax, delta=delta, d=preDer1, cBar=cBar, kRes=kRes); end if; // end of computation for this branch elseif (curve == 2) then if homotopyInitialization then dpMachine = homotopy(actual=cha.pressure(per=pCur2, V_flow=VMachine_flow, r_N=r_N, VDelta_flow=VDelta_flow, dpDelta=dpDelta, V_flow_max=V_flow_max, dpMax=dpMax, delta=delta, d=preDer2, cBar=cBar, kRes=kRes), simplified=r_N* (cha.pressure(per=pCur2, V_flow=V_flow_nominal, r_N=1, VDelta_flow=VDelta_flow, dpDelta=dpDelta, V_flow_max=V_flow_max, dpMax=dpMax, delta=delta, d=preDer2, cBar=cBar, kRes=kRes) +(VMachine_flow-V_flow_nominal)* (cha.pressure(per=pCur2, V_flow=(1+delta)*V_flow_nominal, r_N=1, VDelta_flow=VDelta_flow, dpDelta=dpDelta, V_flow_max=V_flow_max, dpMax=dpMax, delta=delta, d=preDer2, cBar=cBar, kRes=kRes) -cha.pressure(per=pCur2, V_flow=(1-delta)*V_flow_nominal, r_N=1, VDelta_flow=VDelta_flow, dpDelta=dpDelta, V_flow_max=V_flow_max, dpMax=dpMax, delta=delta, d=preDer2, cBar=cBar, kRes=kRes)) /(2*delta*V_flow_nominal))); else dpMachine = cha.pressure(per=pCur2, V_flow=VMachine_flow, r_N=r_N, VDelta_flow=VDelta_flow, dpDelta=dpDelta, V_flow_max=V_flow_max, dpMax=dpMax, delta=delta, d=preDer2, cBar=cBar, kRes=kRes); end if; // end of computation for this branch else if homotopyInitialization then dpMachine = homotopy(actual=cha.pressure(per=pCur3, V_flow=VMachine_flow, r_N=r_N, VDelta_flow=VDelta_flow, dpDelta=dpDelta, V_flow_max=V_flow_max, dpMax=dpMax, delta=delta, d=preDer3, cBar=cBar, kRes=kRes), simplified=r_N* (cha.pressure(per=pCur3, V_flow=V_flow_nominal, r_N=1, VDelta_flow=VDelta_flow, dpDelta=dpDelta, V_flow_max=V_flow_max, dpMax=dpMax, delta=delta, d=preDer3, cBar=cBar, kRes=kRes) +(VMachine_flow-V_flow_nominal)* (cha.pressure(per=pCur3, V_flow=(1+delta)*V_flow_nominal, r_N=1, VDelta_flow=VDelta_flow, dpDelta=dpDelta, V_flow_max=V_flow_max, dpMax=dpMax, delta=delta, d=preDer3, cBar=cBar, kRes=kRes) -cha.pressure(per=pCur3, V_flow=(1-delta)*V_flow_nominal, r_N=1, VDelta_flow=VDelta_flow, dpDelta=dpDelta, V_flow_max=V_flow_max, dpMax=dpMax, delta=delta, d=preDer3, cBar=cBar, kRes=kRes)) /(2*delta*V_flow_nominal))); else dpMachine = cha.pressure(per=pCur3, V_flow=VMachine_flow, r_N=r_N, VDelta_flow=VDelta_flow, dpDelta=dpDelta, V_flow_max=V_flow_max, dpMax=dpMax, delta=delta, d=preDer3, cBar=cBar, kRes=kRes); end if; // end of computation for this branch end if; // Power consumption if _per_y.use_powerCharacteristic then // For the homotopy, we want P/V_flow to be bounded as V_flow -> 0 to avoid a very high medium // temperature near zero flow. if homotopyInitialization then P = homotopy(actual=cha.power(per=_per_y.power, V_flow=VMachine_flow, r_N=r_N, d=powDer, delta=delta), simplified=VMachine_flow/V_flow_nominal* cha.power(per=_per_y.power, V_flow=V_flow_nominal, r_N=1, d=powDer, delta=delta)); else P = (rho/rho_default)*cha.power(per=_per_y.power, V_flow=VMachine_flow, r_N=r_N, d=powDer, delta=delta); end if; // To compute the efficiency, we set a lower bound on the electricity consumption. // This is needed because WFlo can be close to zero when P is zero, thereby // causing a division by zero. // Earlier versions of the model computed WFlo = eta * P, but this caused // a division by zero. eta = WFlo / Buildings.Utilities.Math.Functions.smoothMax(x1=P, x2=1E-5, deltaX=1E-6); // In this configuration, we only now the total power consumption. // Because nothing is known about etaMot versus etaHyd, we set etaHyd=1. This will // cause etaMot=eta, because eta=etaHyd*etaMot. // Earlier versions used etaMot=sqrt(eta), but as eta->0, this function has // and infinite derivative. etaHyd = 1; else if homotopyInitialization then etaHyd = homotopy(actual=cha.efficiency(per=_per_y.hydraulicEfficiency, V_flow=VMachine_flow, d=hydDer, r_N=r_N, delta=delta), simplified=cha.efficiency(per=_per_y.hydraulicEfficiency, V_flow=V_flow_max, d=hydDer, r_N=r_N, delta=delta)); etaMot = homotopy(actual=cha.efficiency(per=_per_y.motorEfficiency, V_flow=VMachine_flow, d=motDer, r_N=r_N, delta=delta), simplified=cha.efficiency(per=_per_y.motorEfficiency, V_flow=V_flow_max, d=motDer, r_N=r_N, delta=delta)); else etaHyd = cha.efficiency(per=_per_y.hydraulicEfficiency, V_flow=VMachine_flow, d=hydDer, r_N=r_N, delta=delta); etaMot = cha.efficiency(per=_per_y.motorEfficiency, V_flow=V_flow_max, d=motDer, r_N=r_N, delta=delta); end if; // To compute the electrical power, we set a lower bound for eta to avoid // a division by zero. P = WFlo / Buildings.Utilities.Math.Functions.smoothMax(x1=eta, x2=1E-5, deltaX=1E-6); end if; end FlowMachineInterface;

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.IdealSource Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.IdealSource

Base class for pressure and mass flow source with optional power input

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.IdealSource

Information

Model of a fictious pipe that is used as a base class for a pressure source or to prescribe a mass flow rate.

Note that for fans and pumps with dynamic balance, both the heat and the flow work are added to the volume of air or water. This simplifies the equations compared to adding heat to the volume, and flow work to this model.

Extends from Buildings.Fluid.Interfaces.PartialTwoPortTransport (Partial element transporting fluid between two ports without storage of mass or energy).

Parameters

TypeNameDefaultDescription
replaceable package MediumPartialMediumMedium in the component
Booleancontrol_m_flow = false to control dp instead of m_flow
Assumptions
BooleanallowFlowReversaltrue= true to allow flow reversal, false restricts to design direction (port_a -> port_b)
Advanced
AbsolutePressuredp_start0Guess value of dp = port_a.p - port_b.p [Pa]
MassFlowRatem_flow_start0Guess value of m_flow = port_a.m_flow [kg/s]
MassFlowRatem_flow_small Small mass flow rate for regularization of zero flow [kg/s]
Diagnostics
Booleanshow_Tfalse= true, if temperatures at port_a and port_b are computed
Booleanshow_V_flowtrue= true, if volume flow rate at inflowing port is computed

Connectors

TypeNameDescription
FluidPort_aport_aFluid connector a (positive design flow direction is from port_a to port_b)
FluidPort_bport_bFluid connector b (positive design flow direction is from port_a to port_b)
input RealInputm_flow_inPrescribed mass flow rate
input RealInputdp_inPrescribed outlet pressure

Modelica definition

model IdealSource "Base class for pressure and mass flow source with optional power input" extends Buildings.Fluid.Interfaces.PartialTwoPortTransport(show_T=false); // what to control parameter Boolean control_m_flow "= false to control dp instead of m_flow"; Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput m_flow_in if control_m_flow "Prescribed mass flow rate"; Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput dp_in if not control_m_flow "Prescribed outlet pressure"; protected Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput m_flow_internal "Needed to connect to conditional connector"; Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput dp_internal "Needed to connect to conditional connector"; equation // Ideal control if control_m_flow then m_flow = m_flow_internal; dp_internal = 0; else dp = dp_internal; m_flow_internal = 0; end if; connect(dp_internal, dp_in); connect(m_flow_internal, m_flow_in); // Energy balance (no storage) port_a.h_outflow = inStream(port_b.h_outflow); port_b.h_outflow = inStream(port_a.h_outflow); end IdealSource;

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.PartialFlowMachine Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.PartialFlowMachine

Partial model to interface fan or pump models with the medium

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.PartialFlowMachine

Information

This is the base model for fans and pumps. It provides an interface between the equations that compute head and power consumption, and the implementation of the energy and pressure balance of the fluid.

Depending on the value of the parameter dynamicBalance, the fluid volume is computed using a dynamic balance or a steady-state balance.

The parameter addPowerToMedium determines whether any power is added to the fluid. The default is addPowerToMedium=true, and hence the outlet enthalpy is higher than the inlet enthalpy if the flow device is operating. The setting addPowerToMedium=false is physically incorrect (since the flow work, the flow friction and the fan heat do not increase the enthalpy of the medium), but this setting does in some cases lead to simpler equations and more robust simulation, in particular if the mass flow is equal to zero.

Extends from Buildings.Fluid.Interfaces.LumpedVolumeDeclarations (Declarations for lumped volumes), Buildings.Fluid.Interfaces.PartialTwoPortInterface (Partial model transporting fluid between two ports without storing mass or energy).

Parameters

TypeNameDefaultDescription
replaceable package MediumPartialMediumMedium in the component
BooleanaddPowerToMediumtrueSet to false to avoid any power (=heat and flow work) being added to medium (may give simpler equations)
Nominal condition
MassFlowRatem_flow_nominal Nominal mass flow rate [kg/s]
Initialization
MassFlowRatem_flow.start0Mass flow rate from port_a to port_b (m_flow > 0 is design flow direction) [kg/s]
Pressuredp.start0Pressure difference between port_a and port_b [Pa]
Dynamics
Equations
DynamicsenergyDynamicsModelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamic...Formulation of energy balance
DynamicsmassDynamicsenergyDynamicsFormulation of mass balance
BooleandynamicBalancetrueSet to true to use a dynamic balance, which often leads to smaller systems of equations
RealmSenFac1Factor for scaling the sensible thermal mass of the volume
Nominal condition
Timetau1Time constant of fluid volume for nominal flow, used if dynamicBalance=true [s]
Initialization
AbsolutePressurep_startMedium.p_defaultStart value of pressure [Pa]
TemperatureT_startMedium.T_defaultStart value of temperature [K]
MassFractionX_start[Medium.nX]Medium.X_defaultStart value of mass fractions m_i/m [kg/kg]
ExtraPropertyC_start[Medium.nC]fill(0, Medium.nC)Start value of trace substances
ExtraPropertyC_nominal[Medium.nC]fill(1E-2, Medium.nC)Nominal value of trace substances. (Set to typical order of magnitude.)
Assumptions
BooleanallowFlowReversaltrue= true to allow flow reversal, false restricts to design direction (port_a -> port_b)
Advanced
MassFlowRatem_flow_small1E-4*abs(m_flow_nominal)Small mass flow rate for regularization of zero flow [kg/s]
Diagnostics
Booleanshow_Tfalse= true, if actual temperature at port is computed

Connectors

TypeNameDescription
HeatPort_aheatPortHeat dissipation to environment

Modelica definition

partial model PartialFlowMachine "Partial model to interface fan or pump models with the medium" extends Buildings.Fluid.Interfaces.LumpedVolumeDeclarations( final mSenFac=1); import Modelica.Constants; extends Buildings.Fluid.Interfaces.PartialTwoPortInterface(show_T=false, port_a( h_outflow(start=h_outflow_start), final m_flow(min = if allowFlowReversal then -Constants.inf else 0)), port_b( h_outflow(start=h_outflow_start), p(start=p_start), final m_flow(max = if allowFlowReversal then +Constants.inf else 0)), final showDesignFlowDirection=false); Delays.DelayFirstOrder vol( redeclare final package Medium = Medium, final tau=tau, final energyDynamics=if dynamicBalance then energyDynamics else Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState, final massDynamics=if dynamicBalance then massDynamics else Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState, final T_start=T_start, final X_start=X_start, final C_start=C_start, final m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal, final m_flow_small=m_flow_small, final p_start=p_start, final prescribedHeatFlowRate=true, final allowFlowReversal=allowFlowReversal, final nPorts=2) "Fluid volume for dynamic model"; parameter Boolean dynamicBalance = true "Set to true to use a dynamic balance, which often leads to smaller systems of equations"; parameter Boolean addPowerToMedium=true "Set to false to avoid any power (=heat and flow work) being added to medium (may give simpler equations)"; parameter Modelica.SIunits.Time tau=1 "Time constant of fluid volume for nominal flow, used if dynamicBalance=true"; // Models Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_a heatPort "Heat dissipation to environment"; protected Modelica.SIunits.Density rho_in "Density of inflowing fluid"; Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.IdealSource preSou( redeclare final package Medium = Medium, final m_flow_small=m_flow_small, final allowFlowReversal=allowFlowReversal) "Pressure source"; Buildings.HeatTransfer.Sources.PrescribedHeatFlow prePow if addPowerToMedium "Prescribed power (=heat and flow work) flow for dynamic model"; parameter Medium.ThermodynamicState sta_start=Medium.setState_pTX( T=T_start, p=p_start, X=X_start) "Medium state at start values"; parameter Modelica.SIunits.SpecificEnthalpy h_outflow_start = Medium.specificEnthalpy(sta_start) "Start value for outflowing enthalpy"; equation // For computing the density, we assume that the fan operates in the design flow direction. rho_in = Medium.density( Medium.setState_phX(port_a.p, inStream(port_a.h_outflow), inStream(port_a.Xi_outflow))); connect(prePow.port, vol.heatPort); connect(vol.heatPort, heatPort); connect(port_a, vol.ports[1]); connect(vol.ports[2], preSou.port_a); connect(preSou.port_b, port_b); end PartialFlowMachine;

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.PowerInterface Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.PowerInterface

Partial model to compute power draw and heat dissipation of fans and pumps

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.PowerInterface

Information

This is an interface that implements the functions to compute the power draw and the heat dissipation of fans and pumps. It is used by the model Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.FlowMachineInterface.

Implementation

Models that extend this model need to provide an implementation of WFlo = eta * P. This equation is not implemented in this model to allow other models to properly guard against division by zero.

Parameters

TypeNameDefaultDescription
Densityrho_default Fluid density at medium default state [kg/m3]
Characteristics
Booleanuse_powerCharacteristicfalseUse powerCharacteristic (vs. efficiencyCharacteristic)
BooleanmotorCooledByFluidtrueIf true (and if addPowerToMedium = true), then motor heat is added to fluid stream
Advanced
BooleanhomotopyInitializationtrue= true, use homotopy method

Connectors

TypeNameDescription
output RealOutputPElectrical power consumed [W]

Modelica definition

partial model PowerInterface "Partial model to compute power draw and heat dissipation of fans and pumps" import Modelica.Constants; parameter Boolean use_powerCharacteristic = false "Use powerCharacteristic (vs. efficiencyCharacteristic)"; parameter Boolean motorCooledByFluid = true "If true (and if addPowerToMedium = true), then motor heat is added to fluid stream"; parameter Boolean homotopyInitialization = true "= true, use homotopy method"; parameter Modelica.SIunits.Density rho_default "Fluid density at medium default state"; Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput P(quantity="Modelica.SIunits.Power", unit="W") "Electrical power consumed"; Modelica.SIunits.Power WHyd "Hydraulic power input (converted to flow work and heat)"; Modelica.SIunits.Power WFlo "Flow work"; Modelica.SIunits.HeatFlowRate Q_flow "Heat input from fan or pump to medium"; Real eta(min=0, max=1) "Global efficiency"; Real etaHyd(min=0, max=1) "Hydraulic efficiency"; Real etaMot(min=0, max=1) "Motor efficiency"; Modelica.SIunits.Pressure dpMachine(displayUnit="Pa") "Pressure increase"; Modelica.SIunits.VolumeFlowRate VMachine_flow "Volume flow rate"; //Modelica.SIunits.HeatFlowRate QThe_flow "Heat input into the medium"; protected parameter Data.FlowControlled _perPow "Record with performance data for power"; parameter Modelica.SIunits.VolumeFlowRate delta_V_flow "Factor used for setting heat input into medium to zero at very small flows"; final parameter Real motDer[size(_perPow.motorEfficiency.V_flow, 1)](each fixed=false) "Coefficients for polynomial of pressure vs. flow rate"; final parameter Real hydDer[size(_perPow.hydraulicEfficiency.V_flow,1)](each fixed=false) "Coefficients for polynomial of pressure vs. flow rate"; Modelica.SIunits.HeatFlowRate QThe_flow "Heat input from fan or pump to medium"; initial algorithm // Compute derivatives for cubic spline motDer := if _perPow.use_powerCharacteristic then zeros(size(_perPow.motorEfficiency.V_flow, 1)) elseif ( size(_perPow.motorEfficiency.V_flow, 1) == 1) then {0} else Buildings.Utilities.Math.Functions.splineDerivatives( x=_perPow.motorEfficiency.V_flow, y=_perPow.motorEfficiency.eta, ensureMonotonicity=Buildings.Utilities.Math.Functions.isMonotonic(x=_perPow.motorEfficiency.eta, strict=false)); hydDer := if _perPow.use_powerCharacteristic then zeros(size(_perPow.hydraulicEfficiency.V_flow, 1)) elseif ( size(_perPow.hydraulicEfficiency.V_flow, 1) == 1) then {0} else Buildings.Utilities.Math.Functions.splineDerivatives( x=_perPow.hydraulicEfficiency.V_flow, y=_perPow.hydraulicEfficiency.eta); equation eta = etaHyd * etaMot; // Flow work WFlo = dpMachine*VMachine_flow; // Hydraulic power (transmitted by shaft), etaHyd = WFlo/WHyd etaHyd * WHyd = WFlo; // Heat input into medium QThe_flow + WFlo = if _perPow.motorCooledByFluid then P else WHyd; // At m_flow = 0, the solver may still obtain positive values for QThe_flow. // The next statement sets the heat input into the medium to zero for very small flow rates. if homotopyInitialization then Q_flow = homotopy(actual=Buildings.Utilities.Math.Functions.spliceFunction(pos=QThe_flow, neg=0, x=noEvent(abs(VMachine_flow))-2*delta_V_flow, deltax=delta_V_flow), simplified=0); else Q_flow = Buildings.Utilities.Math.Functions.spliceFunction(pos=QThe_flow, neg=0, x=noEvent(abs(VMachine_flow))-2*delta_V_flow, deltax=delta_V_flow); end if; end PowerInterface;

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.SpeedControlled Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.SpeedControlled

Partial model for fan or pump with speed (y or Nrpm) as input signal

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.SpeedControlled

Information

This is the base model for fans and pumps that take as input a control signal in the form of the pump speed Nrpm or the normalized pump speed y=Nrpm/per.N_nominal.

Extends from Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.PartialFlowMachine (Partial model to interface fan or pump models with the medium), Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.FlowMachineInterface (Partial model with performance curves for fans or pumps).

Parameters

TypeNameDefaultDescription
replaceable package MediumPartialMediumMedium in the component
BooleanaddPowerToMediumtrueSet to false to avoid any power (=heat and flow work) being added to medium (may give simpler equations)
Densityrho_defaultMedium.density_pTX(p=Medium....Fluid density at medium default state [kg/m3]
Nominal condition
MassFlowRatem_flow_nominalmax(_per_y.pressure.V_flow)*...Nominal mass flow rate [kg/s]
Initialization
MassFlowRatem_flow.start0Mass flow rate from port_a to port_b (m_flow > 0 is design flow direction) [kg/s]
Pressuredp.start0Pressure difference between port_a and port_b [Pa]
Realr_V.start1Ratio V_flow/V_flow_max [1]
Characteristics
Booleanuse_powerCharacteristicfalseUse powerCharacteristic (vs. efficiencyCharacteristic)
BooleanmotorCooledByFluidtrueIf true (and if addPowerToMedium = true), then motor heat is added to fluid stream
Dynamics
Equations
DynamicsenergyDynamicsModelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamic...Formulation of energy balance
DynamicsmassDynamicsenergyDynamicsFormulation of mass balance
BooleandynamicBalancetrueSet to true to use a dynamic balance, which often leads to smaller systems of equations
Nominal condition
Timetau1Time constant of fluid volume for nominal flow, used if dynamicBalance=true [s]
Filtered speed
BooleanfilteredSpeedtrue= true, if speed is filtered with a 2nd order CriticalDamping filter
TimeriseTime30Rise time of the filter (time to reach 99.6 % of the speed) [s]
InitinitModelica.Blocks.Types.Init.I...Type of initialization (no init/steady state/initial state/initial output)
Realy_start0Initial value of speed [1]
Initialization
AbsolutePressurep_startMedium.p_defaultStart value of pressure [Pa]
TemperatureT_startMedium.T_defaultStart value of temperature [K]
MassFractionX_start[Medium.nX]Medium.X_defaultStart value of mass fractions m_i/m [kg/kg]
ExtraPropertyC_start[Medium.nC]fill(0, Medium.nC)Start value of trace substances
ExtraPropertyC_nominal[Medium.nC]fill(1E-2, Medium.nC)Nominal value of trace substances. (Set to typical order of magnitude.)
Assumptions
BooleanallowFlowReversaltrue= true to allow flow reversal, false restricts to design direction (port_a -> port_b)
Advanced
MassFlowRatem_flow_small1E-4*abs(m_flow_nominal)Small mass flow rate for regularization of zero flow [kg/s]
BooleanhomotopyInitializationtrue= true, use homotopy method
Diagnostics
Booleanshow_Tfalse= true, if actual temperature at port is computed

Connectors

TypeNameDescription
FluidPort_aport_aFluid connector a (positive design flow direction is from port_a to port_b)
FluidPort_bport_bFluid connector b (positive design flow direction is from port_a to port_b)
HeatPort_aheatPortHeat dissipation to environment
output RealOutputPElectrical power consumed [W]
output RealOutputy_actual[1]

Modelica definition

partial model SpeedControlled "Partial model for fan or pump with speed (y or Nrpm) as input signal" extends Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.PartialFlowMachine( final m_flow_nominal = max(_per_y.pressure.V_flow)*rho_default, preSou(final control_m_flow=false)); extends Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.FlowMachineInterface( V_flow_max(start=V_flow_nominal), final rho_default = Medium.density_pTX( p=Medium.p_default, T=Medium.T_default, X=Medium.X_default)); protected Modelica.Blocks.Sources.RealExpression dpMac(y=-dpMachine) "Pressure drop of the pump or fan"; Modelica.Blocks.Sources.RealExpression PToMedium_flow(y=Q_flow + WFlo) if addPowerToMedium "Heat and work input into medium"; equation VMachine_flow = -port_b.m_flow/rho; rho = rho_in; connect(preSou.dp_in, dpMac.y); connect(PToMedium_flow.y, prePow.Q_flow); end SpeedControlled;

Automatically generated Mon Jul 13 14:25:55 2015.