Buildings.Rooms.BaseClasses

Information

This package contains base classes that are used to construct the models in Buildings.Rooms.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.BasesPackage (Icon for packages containing base classes).

Package Content

Name	Description
ExteriorBoundaryConditions	Model for convection and radiation bounary condition of exterior constructions
ExteriorBoundaryConditionsWithWindow	Model for exterior boundary conditions for constructions with a window
HeatGain	Model to convert internal heat gain signals
InfraredRadiationExchange	Infrared radiation heat exchange between the room facing surfaces
InfraredRadiationGainDistribution	Infrared radiative heat gain distribution between the room facing surfaces
MixedAir	Model for room air that is completely mixed
RadiationAdapter	Model to connect between signals and heat port for radiative gains of the room
RadiationTemperature	Radiative temperature of the room
SolarRadiationExchange	Solar radiation heat exchange between the room facing surfaces
PartialSurfaceInterface	Partial model that is used for infrared radiation balance
SkyRadiationExchange	Radiative heat exchange with the sky and the ambient
ConstructionNumbers	Data records for construction data
ConstructionRecords	Data records for construction data
Overhang	Record for window overhang
ParameterConstructionWithWindow	Record for exterior constructions that have a window
ParameterConstruction	Record for exterior constructions that have no window
PartialParameterConstruction	Partial record for constructions
SideFins	Record for window side fins
Examples	Collection of models that illustrate model use and test models

Buildings.Rooms.BaseClasses.ExteriorBoundaryConditions

Information

The model computes the infrared, solar, and convective heat exchange between these surfaces and the exterior temperature and the sky temperature. Input into this model are weather data that may be obtained from Buildings.BoundaryConditions.WeatherData.

In this model, the solar radiation data are converted from horizontal irradiation to irradiation on tilted surfaces using models from the package Buildings.BoundaryConditions.SolarIrradiation. The convective heat transfer between the exterior surface of the opaque constructions is computed using Buildings.HeatTransfer.Convection.

The heat transfer of windows are not computed in this model. They are implemented in Buildings.Rooms.BaseClasses.ExteriorBoundaryConditionsWithWindow.

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
Angle	lat		Latitude [rad]
Boolean	linearizeRadiation		Set to true to linearize emissive power
ParameterConstruction	conPar[nCon]	redeclare parameter Paramete...	Records for construction
Exterior constructions
Integer	nCon		Number of exterior constructions
Convective heat transfer
ExteriorConvection	conMod	Buildings.HeatTransfer.Types...	Convective heat transfer model for opaque part of the constructions
CoefficientOfHeatTransfer	hFixed	10.0	Constant convection coefficient for opaque part of the constructions [W/(m2.K)]

Connectors

Type	Name	Description
HeatPort_a	opa_a[nCon]	Heat port at surface a of opaque construction
Bus	weaBus

Modelica definition

model ExteriorBoundaryConditions 
  "Model for convection and radiation bounary condition of exterior constructions"
  parameter Integer nCon(min=1) "Number of exterior constructions";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Angle lat "Latitude";

  parameter Boolean linearizeRadiation 
    "Set to true to linearize emissive power";

  replaceable parameter ParameterConstruction conPar[nCon] constrainedby 
    ParameterConstruction "Records for construction";

  Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_a opa_a[nCon] 
    "Heat port at surface a of opaque construction";
  parameter Buildings.HeatTransfer.Types.ExteriorConvection conMod=
  Buildings.HeatTransfer.Types.ExteriorConvection.TemperatureWind 
    "Convective heat transfer model for opaque part of the constructions";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.CoefficientOfHeatTransfer hFixed=10.0 
    "Constant convection coefficient for opaque part of the constructions";

  // The convection coefficients are not final to allow a user to individually
  // assign them.
  // We reassign the tilt since a roof has been declared in the room model as the
  // ceiling (of the room)
  HeatTransfer.Convection.Exterior conOpa[nCon](
    A=AOpa,
    final til=Modelica.Constants.pi*ones(nCon) .- conPar[:].til,
    final azi=conPar[:].azi,
    each conMod=conMod,
    each hFixed=hFixed) "Convection model for opaque part of the wall";

  SkyRadiationExchange skyRadExc(
    final n=nCon,
    final A=AOpa,
    final absIR=conPar[:].layers.absIR_a,
    vieFacSky={(Modelica.Constants.pi - conPar[i].til)./Modelica.Constants.pi for i in 1:nCon}) 
    "Infrared radiative heat exchange with sky";
  BoundaryConditions.WeatherData.Bus weaBus;

  BoundaryConditions.SolarIrradiation.DirectTiltedSurface HDirTil[
            nCon](
    each final lat=lat,
    final til=conPar[:].til,
    final azi=conPar[:].azi) "Direct solar irradiation on the surface";
  BoundaryConditions.SolarIrradiation.DiffusePerez HDifTil[nCon](
    each final lat=lat,
    final til=conPar[:].til,
    final azi=conPar[:].azi) "Diffuse solar irradiation";
  Modelica.Blocks.Math.Add HTotConExt[nCon](
    final k1=conPar[:].layers.absSol_a .* AOpa,
    final k2=conPar[:].layers.absSol_a .* AOpa) "Total solar irradiation";
  Buildings.HeatTransfer.Sources.PrescribedHeatFlow solHeaGaiConExt[nCon] 
    "Total solar heat gain of the surface";

protected 
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Area AOpa[nCon]=conPar[:].A 
    "Area of opaque construction";

  Buildings.HeatTransfer.Sources.PrescribedTemperature TAirConExt[
    nCon] "Outside air temperature for exterior constructions";
  Modelica.Blocks.Routing.Replicator repConExt(nout=nCon) "Signal replicator";

  Modelica.Blocks.Routing.Replicator repConExt1(
                                               nout=nCon) "Signal replicator";
  Modelica.Blocks.Routing.Replicator repConExt2(
                                               nout=nCon) "Signal replicator";

equation 
  connect(conOpa.solid, opa_a);
  connect(skyRadExc.port, opa_a);

  connect(TAirConExt.port, conOpa.fluid);
  connect(repConExt.y, TAirConExt.T);
  connect(repConExt.u, weaBus.TDryBul);
  connect(skyRadExc.TOut, weaBus.TDryBul);
  connect(skyRadExc.TBlaSky, weaBus.TBlaSky);
  for i in 1:nCon loop
  connect(weaBus, HDirTil[i].weaBus);
  connect(HDifTil[i].weaBus, weaBus);
   end for;
  connect(HTotConExt.y, solHeaGaiConExt.Q_flow);
  connect(solHeaGaiConExt.port, opa_a);
  connect(HDirTil.H, HTotConExt.u1);
  connect(HDifTil.H, HTotConExt.u2);
  connect(repConExt2.u, weaBus.winDir);
  connect(repConExt1.u, weaBus.winSpe);
  connect(repConExt1.y, conOpa.v);
  connect(repConExt2.y, conOpa.dir);
end ExteriorBoundaryConditions;

Buildings.Rooms.BaseClasses.ExteriorBoundaryConditionsWithWindow

Information

The model computes the infrared, solar, and convective heat exchange between these surfaces and the exterior temperature and the sky temperature. Input into this model are weather data that may be obtained from Buildings.BoundaryConditions.WeatherData.

This model extends Buildings.Rooms.BaseClasses.ExteriorBoundaryConditions, which models the boundary conditions for the opaque constructions, and then implements the boundary condition for windows by using the model Buildings.HeatTransfer.Windows.ExteriorHeatTransfer.

Extends from Buildings.Rooms.BaseClasses.ExteriorBoundaryConditions (Model for convection and radiation bounary condition of exterior constructions).

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
Angle	lat		Latitude [rad]
Boolean	linearizeRadiation		Set to true to linearize emissive power
Exterior constructions
Integer	nCon		Number of exterior constructions
Convective heat transfer
ExteriorConvection	conMod	Buildings.HeatTransfer.Types...	Convective heat transfer model for opaque part of the constructions
CoefficientOfHeatTransfer	hFixed	10.0	Constant convection coefficient for opaque part of the constructions [W/(m2.K)]

Connectors

Type	Name	Description
HeatPort_a	opa_a[nCon]	Heat port at surface a of opaque construction
Bus	weaBus
input RealInput	uSha[nCon]	Control signal for the shading device, 0: unshaded; 1: fully shaded
input RealInput	QAbsSolSha_flow[nCon]	Solar radiation absorbed by shade [W]
output RadiosityOutflow	JOutUns[nCon]	Outgoing radiosity that connects to unshaded part of glass at exterior side [W]
input RadiosityInflow	JInUns[nCon]	Incoming radiosity that connects to unshaded part of glass at exterior side [W]
output RadiosityOutflow	JOutSha[nCon]	Outgoing radiosity that connects to shaded part of glass at exterior side [W]
input RadiosityInflow	JInSha[nCon]	Incoming radiosity that connects to shaded part of glass at exterior side [W]
HeatPort_a	glaUns[nCon]	Heat port at unshaded glass of exterior-facing surface
HeatPort_a	glaSha[nCon]	Heat port at shaded glass of exterior-facing surface
HeatPort_a	fra[nCon]	Heat port at frame of exterior-facing surface
output RealOutput	HDir[nCon]	Direct solar irradition on tilted surface [W/m2]
output RealOutput	HDif[nCon]	Diffuse solar irradiation on tilted surface [W/m2]
output RealOutput	inc[nCon]	Incidence angle [rad]

Modelica definition

model ExteriorBoundaryConditionsWithWindow 
  "Model for exterior boundary conditions for constructions with a window"
  extends Buildings.Rooms.BaseClasses.ExteriorBoundaryConditions(
   final AOpa=conPar[:].AOpa,
   redeclare Buildings.Rooms.BaseClasses.ParameterConstructionWithWindow conPar);

  final parameter Modelica.SIunits.Area AWin[nCon] = conPar[:].hWin .* conPar[:].wWin 
    "Window area";

  final parameter Boolean haveExteriorShade[nCon] = conPar[:].glaSys.haveExteriorShade 
    "Set to true if window has exterior shade (at surface a)";
  final parameter Boolean haveInteriorShade[nCon] = conPar[:].glaSys.haveInteriorShade 
    "Set to true if window has interior shade (at surface b)";

  final parameter Boolean windowHasShade=
    haveExteriorShade[1] or haveInteriorShade[1] 
    "Set to true if window system has a shade";

  Buildings.HeatTransfer.Windows.FixedShade sha[nCon](final conPar=conPar,
    each lat=lat,
    azi=conPar.azi) "Shade due to overhang or side fins";

  Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput uSha[nCon](min=0, max=1) if 
       windowHasShade 
    "Control signal for the shading device, 0: unshaded; 1: fully shaded";

  Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput QAbsSolSha_flow[nCon](
    final unit="W", quantity="Power") "Solar radiation absorbed by shade";

  HeatTransfer.Windows.ExteriorHeatTransfer conExtWin[nCon](
    final A=conPar[:].AWin,
    final fFra=conPar[:].fFra,
    each final linearizeRadiation = linearizeRadiation,
    final vieFacSky={(Modelica.Constants.pi - conPar[i].til) ./ Modelica.Constants.pi for i in 1:nCon},
    final absIRSha_air=conPar[:].glaSys.shade.absIR_a,
    final absIRSha_glass=conPar[:].glaSys.shade.absIR_b,
    final tauIRSha_air=conPar[:].glaSys.shade.tauIR_a,
    final tauIRSha_glass=conPar[:].glaSys.shade.tauIR_b,
    final haveExteriorShade=haveExteriorShade,
    final haveInteriorShade=haveInteriorShade) 
    "Exterior convection of the window";

  SkyRadiationExchange skyRadExcWin(
    final n=nCon,
    each final absIR=conPar[:].glaSys.absIRFra,
    vieFacSky={(Modelica.Constants.pi - conPar[i].til) ./ Modelica.Constants.pi for i in 
            1:nCon},
    each final A=conPar[:].AWin .* conPar[:].fFra) 
    "Infrared radiative heat exchange between window frame and sky";
  HeatTransfer.Interfaces.RadiosityOutflow JOutUns[nCon] 
    "Outgoing radiosity that connects to unshaded part of glass at exterior side";
  HeatTransfer.Interfaces.RadiosityInflow JInUns[nCon] 
    "Incoming radiosity that connects to unshaded part of glass at exterior side";
  HeatTransfer.Interfaces.RadiosityOutflow JOutSha[nCon] if 
       windowHasShade 
    "Outgoing radiosity that connects to shaded part of glass at exterior side";
  HeatTransfer.Interfaces.RadiosityInflow JInSha[nCon] if 
       windowHasShade 
    "Incoming radiosity that connects to shaded part of glass at exterior side";
  Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_a glaUns[nCon] 
    "Heat port at unshaded glass of exterior-facing surface";
  Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_a glaSha[nCon] if 
       windowHasShade "Heat port at shaded glass of exterior-facing surface";
  Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_a fra[nCon](T(each nominal=
          300, each start=283.15)) 
    "Heat port at frame of exterior-facing surface";
  Modelica.Blocks.Math.Add HTotConExtWinFra[nCon](
     final k1=conPar[:].fFra .* conPar[:].glaSys.absSolFra .* conPar[:].AWin,
     final k2=conPar[:].fFra .* conPar[:].glaSys.absSolFra .* conPar[:].AWin) 
    "Total solar irradiation on window frame";
  Buildings.HeatTransfer.Sources.PrescribedHeatFlow solHeaGaiConWin[nCon] 
    "Total solar heat gain of the window frame";
  Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput HDir[nCon](
     each final quantity="RadiantEnergyFluenceRate",
     each final unit="W/m2") "Direct solar irradition on tilted surface";
  Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput HDif[nCon](
     each final quantity="RadiantEnergyFluenceRate",
     each final unit="W/m2") "Diffuse solar irradiation on tilted surface";
  Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput inc[nCon](
    each final quantity="Angle",
    each final unit="rad",
    each displayUnit="deg") "Incidence angle";

protected 
  Buildings.HeatTransfer.Sources.PrescribedTemperature TAirConExtWin[
    nCon] "Outside air temperature for window constructions";
  Modelica.Blocks.Routing.Replicator repConExtWin(final nout=nCon) 
    "Signal replicator";
  Modelica.Blocks.Routing.Replicator repConExtWinVWin(final nout=nCon) 
    "Signal replicator";
  Modelica.Blocks.Routing.Replicator repConExtWinTSkyBla(final nout=nCon) 
    "Signal replicator";

equation 
  connect(uSha, conExtWin.uSha);
  connect(JInUns,conExtWin. JInUns);
  connect(conExtWin.JOutUns,JOutUns);
  connect(conExtWin.glaUns,glaUns);
  connect(conExtWin.glaSha,glaSha);
  connect(conExtWin.JOutSha,JOutSha);
  connect(conExtWin.JInSha,JInSha);
  connect(conExtWin.frame,fra);
  connect(TAirConExtWin.port,conExtWin. air);
  connect(TAirConExtWin.T,repConExtWin. y);
  connect(repConExtWin.u, weaBus.TDryBul);
  connect(repConExtWinVWin.y,conExtWin. vWin);
  connect(repConExtWinVWin.u, weaBus.winSpe);
  connect(HTotConExtWinFra.y, solHeaGaiConWin.Q_flow);
  connect(solHeaGaiConWin.port, fra);
  connect(HDifTil.H, HDif);
  connect(HDirTil.inc, inc);
  connect(HTotConExtWinFra.u2, HDifTil.H);
  connect(conExtWin.QAbs_flow, QAbsSolSha_flow);
  connect(skyRadExcWin.TOut, weaBus.TDryBul);
  connect(skyRadExcWin.TBlaSky, weaBus.TBlaSky);
  connect(skyRadExcWin.port, fra);
  connect(repConExtWin.y, conExtWin.TOut);
  connect(repConExtWinTSkyBla.y, conExtWin.TBlaSky);
  connect(repConExtWinTSkyBla.u, weaBus.TBlaSky);
  for i in 1:nCon loop
    connect(sha[i].weaBus, weaBus);
  end for;
  connect(sha.HDirTil, HTotConExtWinFra.u1);
  connect(sha.HDirTil, HDir);
  connect(sha.HDirTilUns, HDirTil.H);
  connect(HDirTil.inc, sha.incAng);
end ExteriorBoundaryConditionsWithWindow;

Buildings.Rooms.BaseClasses.HeatGain

Information

• the radiant heat flow in Watts,
• the convective heat flow in Watts, and
• the water vapor released into the air.

Extends from Buildings.BaseClasses.BaseIcon (Base icon).

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
replaceable package Medium		Modelica.Media.Interfaces.Pa...	Medium in the component
Area	AFlo		Floor area [m2]
Temperature	TWat	273.15 + 34	Temperature at which water vapor is released [K]

Connectors

Type	Name	Description
replaceable package Medium		Medium in the component
HeatPort_a	QCon_flow	Convective heat gain
input RealInput	qGai_flow[3]	Radiant, convective and latent heat input into room (positive if heat gain)
output RealOutput	QRad_flow	Radiative heat gain
FluidPort_b	QLat_flow	Latent heat gain

Modelica definition

model HeatGain "Model to convert internal heat gain signals"
  extends Buildings.BaseClasses.BaseIcon;

  replaceable package Medium =
     Modelica.Media.Interfaces.PartialMedium "Medium in the component";

  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Area AFlo "Floor area";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Temperature TWat=273.15+34 
    "Temperature at which water vapor is released";

  Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_a QCon_flow 
    "Convective heat gain";

public 
  Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput qGai_flow[3] 
    "Radiant, convective and latent heat input into room (positive if heat gain)";
  Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput QRad_flow "Radiative heat gain";
  Modelica.Fluid.Interfaces.FluidPort_b QLat_flow(redeclare final package
      Medium =
        Medium) "Latent heat gain";
protected 
  Modelica.SIunits.MassFlowRate mWat_flow 
    "Water vapor flow rate released by latent gain";

  parameter Modelica.SIunits.SpecificEnergy h_fg = Medium.enthalpyOfCondensingGas(TWat) 
    "Latent heat of water vapor";
 // constant Medium.MassFraction Xi[Medium.nXi] = {1}
 //   "Species concentration (water vapor only)";

protected 
  parameter Real s[Medium.nX](fixed=false) 
    "Vector with zero everywhere except where water vapor is";
initial algorithm 
  for i in 1:Medium.nX loop
    if ( Modelica.Utilities.Strings.isEqual(string1=Medium.substanceNames[i],
                                            string2="water",
                                            caseSensitive=false)) then
      s[i] :=1;
    else
      s[i] :=0;
    end if;
   end for;
   assert(Medium.nX == 1 or abs(1-sum(s)) < 1E-4, "Substance 'water' is not present in medium '"
                  + Medium.mediumName + "'.\n"
                  + "Change medium model to one that has 'water' as a substance.");
equation 
  QRad_flow = qGai_flow[1]*AFlo;
  QCon_flow.Q_flow = -qGai_flow[2]*AFlo;

  // Interface to fluid port
  // If a medium does not contain water vapor, then h_fg is equal to zero.
  if Medium.nXi == 0 or (h_fg == 0) then
    mWat_flow = 0;
  else
    mWat_flow = qGai_flow[3]*AFlo/h_fg;
  end if;

  QLat_flow.C_outflow  = fill(0, Medium.nC);
  QLat_flow.h_outflow  = h_fg;
  QLat_flow.Xi_outflow = s[1:Medium.nXi];
  QLat_flow.m_flow     = if (h_fg > 0) then 
                           -qGai_flow[3]*AFlo/h_fg else 
                            0;

end HeatGain;

Buildings.Rooms.BaseClasses.InfraredRadiationExchange

Information

This model computes the infrared radiative heat transfer between the interior surfaces of a room. Each opaque surface emits radiation according to

Eⁱ = σ   Aⁱ   εⁱ   (Tⁱ)⁴,

where σ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, Aⁱ is the surface area, εⁱ is the absorptivity in the infrared spectrum, and Tⁱ is the surface temperature. If the parameter linearizeRadidation is set to true, then the term (Tⁱ)⁴ is replaced with T₀³ Tⁱ, where T₀ = 20°C is a parameter.

The incoming radiation at surface i is

Gⁱ = -∑_j   F^j,i   J^j

where F^j,i is the view factor from surface j to surface i, J^j is the radiosity leaving surface j and the sum is over all surfaces. For opaque surfaces, it follows from the first law that the radiosity Jⁱ is

Jⁱ = -Eⁱ - (1-εⁱ)   Gⁱ.

For windows, the outgoing radiosity is an input into this model because the window model computes this quantity directly.

For each surface i, the heat balance is

0 = Qⁱ + Jⁱ + Gⁱ.

For opaque surfaces, the heat flow rate Qⁱ is set to be equal to the heat flow rate at the heat port. For the glass of the windows, the radiosity outflow at the connector is set to the radiosity Gⁱ that is leaving the surface.

The view factor from surface i to j is approximated as

F^i,j = A^j ⁄ ∑_k A^k.

Extends from Buildings.Rooms.BaseClasses.PartialSurfaceInterface (Partial model that is used for infrared radiation balance).

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
ParameterConstruction	datConExt[NConExt]		Data for exterior construction
ParameterConstructionWithWindow	datConExtWin[NConExtWin]		Data for exterior construction with window
ParameterConstruction	datConPar[NConPar]		Data for partition construction
ParameterConstruction	datConBou[NConBou]		Data for construction boundary
Generic	surBou[NSurBou]		Record for data of surfaces whose heat conduction is modeled outside of this room
Boolean	linearizeRadiation		Set to true to linearize emissive power
Exterior constructions
Integer	nConExt		Number of exterior constructions
Integer	nConExtWin		Number of window constructions
Partition constructions
Integer	nConPar		Number of partition constructions
Boundary constructions
Integer	nConBou		Number of constructions that have their outside surface exposed to the boundary of this room
Integer	nSurBou		Number of surface heat transfer models that connect to constructions that are modeled outside of this room
Advanced
Boolean	homotopyInitialization	true	= true, use homotopy method

Connectors

Type	Name	Description
HeatPort_a	conExt[NConExt]	Heat port that connects to room-side surface of exterior constructions
HeatPort_a	conExtWin[NConExtWin]	Heat port that connects to room-side surface of exterior constructions that contain a window
HeatPort_a	conExtWinFra[NConExtWin]	Heat port that connects to room-side surface of window frame
HeatPort_a	conPar_a[NConPar]	Heat port that connects to room-side surface a of partition constructions
HeatPort_a	conPar_b[NConPar]	Heat port that connects to room-side surface b of partition constructions
HeatPort_a	conBou[NConBou]	Heat port that connects to room-side surface of constructions that expose their other surface to the outside
HeatPort_a	conSurBou[NSurBou]	Heat port to surfaces of models that compute the heat conduction outside of this room
input RadiosityInflow	JInConExtWin[NConExtWin]	Incoming radiosity that connects to non-frame part of the window [W]
output RadiosityOutflow	JOutConExtWin[NConExtWin]	Outgoing radiosity that connects to non-frame part of the window [W]

Modelica definition

model InfraredRadiationExchange 
  "Infrared radiation heat exchange between the room facing surfaces"
  extends Buildings.Rooms.BaseClasses.PartialSurfaceInterface;
  parameter Boolean linearizeRadiation 
    "Set to true to linearize emissive power";
  parameter Boolean homotopyInitialization=true "= true, use homotopy method";
  HeatTransfer.Interfaces.RadiosityInflow JInConExtWin[NConExtWin] 
    "Incoming radiosity that connects to non-frame part of the window";
  HeatTransfer.Interfaces.RadiosityOutflow JOutConExtWin[NConExtWin] 
    "Outgoing radiosity that connects to non-frame part of the window";
protected 
  final parameter Integer NOpa=NConExt + 2*NConExtWin + 2*NConPar + NConBou +
      NSurBou "Number of opaque surfaces, including the window frame";
  final parameter Integer nOpa=nConExt + 2*nConExtWin + 2*nConPar + nConBou +
      nSurBou "Number of opaque surfaces, including the window frame";
  final parameter Integer NWin=NConExtWin "Number of window surfaces";
  final parameter Integer nWin=nConExtWin "Number of window surfaces";
  final parameter Integer NTot=NOpa + NWin "Total number of surfaces";
  final parameter Integer nTot=nOpa + nWin "Total number of surfaces";
  final parameter Real epsOpa[nOpa](
    min=0,
    max=1,
    fixed=false) "Absorptivity of opaque surfaces";
  final parameter Real rhoOpa[nOpa](
    min=0,
    max=1,
    fixed=false) "Reflectivity of opaque surfaces";
  final parameter Modelica.SIunits.Area AOpa[nOpa](fixed=false) 
    "Surface area of opaque surfaces";
  final parameter Modelica.SIunits.Area A[nTot](fixed=false) "Surface areas";
  final parameter Real kOpa[nOpa](unit="W/K4", fixed=false) 
    "Product sigma*epsilon*A for opaque surfaces";
  final parameter Real F[nTot, nTot](
    min=0,
    max=1,
    fixed=false) "View factor from surface i to j";
  Modelica.SIunits.HeatFlowRate J[nTot](
    max=0,
    start=A .* 0.8*Modelica.Constants.sigma*293.15^4,
    each nominal=10*0.8*Modelica.Constants.sigma*293.15^4) 
    "Radiosity leaving the surface";
  Modelica.SIunits.HeatFlowRate G[nTot](
    min=0,
    start=A .* 0.8*Modelica.Constants.sigma*293.15^4,
    each nominal=10*0.8*Modelica.Constants.sigma*293.15^4) 
    "Radiosity entering the surface";
  constant Real T30(unit="K3") = 293.15^3 "Nominal temperature";
  constant Real T40(unit="K4") = 293.15^4 "Nominal temperature";
  Modelica.SIunits.Temperature TOpa[nOpa](each start=293.15, each nominal=
        293.15) "Temperature of opaque surfaces";
  Real T4Opa[nOpa](
    each unit="K4",
    each start=T40,
    each nominal=293.15^4) "Forth power of temperature of opaque surfaces";
  Modelica.SIunits.HeatFlowRate Q_flow[nTot] "Heat flow rate at surfaces";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Temperature T0=293.15 
    "Temperature used to linearize radiative heat transfer";
  final parameter Real T03(
    min=0,
    unit="K3") = T0^3 "3rd power of temperature T0";
  Modelica.SIunits.HeatFlowRate sumEBal "Sum of energy balance, should be zero";
initial equation 
  // The next loops build the array epsOpa, AOpa and kOpa that simplify
  // the model equations.
  // These arrays store the values of the constructios in the following order
  // [x[1:NConExt] x[1:NConPar] x[1: NConPar] x[1: NConBou] x[1: NSurBou] x[1: NConExtWin] x[1: NConExtWin]]
  // where x is epsOpa, AOpa or kOpa.
  // The last two entries are for the opaque wall that contains a window, and for the window frame.
  for i in 1:nConExt loop
    epsOpa[i] = epsConExt[i];
    AOpa[i] = AConExt[i];
    kOpa[i] = Modelica.Constants.sigma*epsConExt[i]*AOpa[i];
  end for;
  for i in 1:nConPar loop
    epsOpa[i + nConExt] = epsConPar_a[i];
    AOpa[i + nConExt] = AConPar[i];
    kOpa[i + nConExt] = Modelica.Constants.sigma*epsConPar_a[i]*AOpa[i +
      nConExt];
    epsOpa[i + nConExt + nConPar] = epsConPar_b[i];
    AOpa[i + nConExt + nConPar] = AConPar[i];
    kOpa[i + nConExt + nConPar] = Modelica.Constants.sigma*epsConPar_b[i]*AOpa[
      i + nConExt + nConPar];
  end for;
  for i in 1:nConBou loop
    epsOpa[i + nConExt + 2*nConPar] = epsConBou[i];
    AOpa[i + nConExt + 2*nConPar] = AConBou[i];
    kOpa[i + nConExt + 2*nConPar] = Modelica.Constants.sigma*epsConBou[i]*AOpa[
      i + nConExt + 2*nConPar];
  end for;
  for i in 1:nSurBou loop
    epsOpa[i + nConExt + 2*nConPar + nConBou] = epsSurBou[i];
    AOpa[i + nConExt + 2*nConPar + nConBou] = ASurBou[i];
    kOpa[i + nConExt + 2*nConPar + nConBou] = Modelica.Constants.sigma*
      epsSurBou[i]*AOpa[i + nConExt + 2*nConPar + nConBou];
  end for;
  for i in 1:nConExtWin loop
    // Opaque part of construction that has a window embedded
    epsOpa[i + nConExt + 2*nConPar + nConBou + nSurBou] = epsConExtWinOpa[i];
    AOpa[i + nConExt + 2*nConPar + nConBou + nSurBou] = AConExtWinOpa[i];
    kOpa[i + nConExt + 2*nConPar + nConBou + nSurBou] = Modelica.Constants.sigma
      *epsConExtWinOpa[i]*AOpa[i + nConExt + 2*nConPar + nConBou + nSurBou];
    // Window frame
    epsOpa[i + nConExt + 2*nConPar + nConBou + nSurBou + nConExtWin] =
      epsConExtWinFra[i];
    AOpa[i + nConExt + 2*nConPar + nConBou + nSurBou + nConExtWin] =
      AConExtWinFra[i];
    kOpa[i + nConExt + 2*nConPar + nConBou + nSurBou + nConExtWin] = Modelica.Constants.sigma
      *epsConExtWinFra[i]*AOpa[i + nConExt + 2*nConPar + nConBou + nSurBou +
      nConExtWin];
  end for;
  // Vector with all surface areas.
  // The next loops build the array A that simplifies
  // the model equations.
  // These array stores the values of the constructios in the following order
  // [AOpa[1:nConExt] AOpa[1:nConPar] AOpa[1: nConPar] AOpa[1: nConBou] AOpa[1: nSurBou]
  //  AOpa[1: nConExtWin] AOpa[1: nConExtWin] AGla[1: nConExtWin]]
  // since nWin=nConExtWin.
  for i in 1:nOpa loop
    A[i] = AOpa[i];
  end for;
  for i in 1:nWin loop
    A[i + nOpa] = AConExtWinGla[i];
  end for;
  // Reflectivity for opaque surfaces
  rhoOpa = 1 .- epsOpa;
  // View factors from surface i to surface j
  for i in 1:nTot loop
    for j in 1:nTot loop
      F[i, j] = A[j]/sum((A[k]) for k in 1:nTot);
    end for;
  end for;
  // Test whether the view factors add up to one, or the sum is zero in case there
  // is only one construction
  for i in 1:nTot loop
    assert((abs(1 - sum(F[i, j] for j in 1:nTot))) < 1E-10,
      "Program error: Sum 1 of view factors is " + String(sum(F[i, j] for j in 
      1:nTot)));
  end for;
  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
equation 
  // If the room has no window, then the incoming radiosity from the window
  // is not connected. In this situation, we set it to zero.
  // This approach is easier than using a conditional connector, since
  // this port carries a flow variable, and hence the sign of the radiosity
  // would change in a connect statement.
  if (cardinality(JInConExtWin) == 0) then
    JInConExtWin = zeros(NConExtWin);
  end if;
  // Assign temperature of opaque surfaces
  for i in 1:nConExt loop
    TOpa[i] = conExt[i].T;
  end for;
  for i in 1:nConPar loop
    TOpa[i + nConExt] = conPar_a[i].T;
    TOpa[i + nConExt + nConPar] = conPar_b[i].T;
  end for;
  for i in 1:nConBou loop
    TOpa[i + nConExt + 2*nConPar] = conBou[i].T;
  end for;
  for i in 1:nSurBou loop
    TOpa[i + nConExt + 2*nConPar + nConBou] = conSurBou[i].T;
  end for;
  for i in 1:nConExtWin loop
    TOpa[i + nConExt + 2*nConPar + nConBou + nSurBou] = conExtWin[i].T;
    TOpa[i + nConExt + 2*nConPar + nConBou + nConExtWin + nSurBou] =
      conExtWinFra[i].T;
  end for;
  // Incoming radiosity at each surface
  // is equal to the negative of the outgoing radiosity of
  // all other surfaces times the view factor
  G = -transpose(F)*J;
  // Outgoing radiosity
  // Opaque surfaces.
  // If kOpa[j]=absIR[j]*A[j] < 1E-28, then A < 1E-20 and the surface is
  // from a dummy construction. In this situation, we set T40=293.15^4 to
  // avoid a singularity.
  for j in 1:nOpa loop
    //   T4Opa[j] = if (kOpa[j] > 1E-28) then (Q_flow[j]-epsOpa[j] * G[j])/kOpa[j] else T40;
    T4Opa[j] = (-J[j] - rhoOpa[j]*G[j])/kOpa[j];
  end for;
  // 4th power of temperature
  if linearizeRadiation then
    TOpa = (T4Opa .+ 3*T40)/(4*T30);
    // Based on T4 = 4*T30*T-3*T40
  else
    if homotopyInitialization then
      TOpa = homotopy(actual=Buildings.Utilities.Math.Functions.powerLinearized(
        x=T4Opa,
        x0=243.15^4,
        n=0.25), simplified=(T4Opa .+ 3*T40)/(4*T30));
    else
      TOpa = Buildings.Utilities.Math.Functions.powerLinearized(
        x=T4Opa,
        x0=243.15^4,
        n=0.25);
    end if;
  end if;
  // Assign radiosity that comes from window
  // and that leaves window.
  // J < 0 because it leaves the surface
  // G > 0 because it strikes the surface
  // JIn > 0 because it enters the model
  // JOut < 0 because it leaves the model
  for j in 1:nWin loop
    J[j + nOpa] = -JInConExtWin[j];
    G[j + nOpa] = -JOutConExtWin[j];
  end for;
  // Net heat exchange
  Q_flow = -J - G;
  // Assign heat exchange to connectors
  for i in 1:nConExt loop
    Q_flow[i] = conExt[i].Q_flow;
  end for;
  if nConExt == 0 then
    conExt[1].T = T0;
  end if;
  for i in 1:nConPar loop
    Q_flow[i + nConExt] = conPar_a[i].Q_flow;
    Q_flow[i + nConExt + nConPar] = conPar_b[i].Q_flow;
  end for;
  if nConPar == 0 then
    conPar_a[1].T = T0;
    conPar_b[1].T = T0;
  end if;
  for i in 1:nConBou loop
    Q_flow[i + nConExt + 2*nConPar] = conBou[i].Q_flow;
  end for;
  if nConBou == 0 then
    conBou[1].T = T0;
  end if;
  for i in 1:nSurBou loop
    Q_flow[i + nConExt + 2*nConPar + nConBou] = conSurBou[i].Q_flow;
  end for;
  if nSurBou == 0 then
    conSurBou[1].T = T0;
  end if;
  for i in 1:nConExtWin loop
    Q_flow[i + nConExt + 2*nConPar + nConBou + nSurBou] = conExtWin[i].Q_flow;
    Q_flow[i + nConExt + 2*nConPar + nConBou + nSurBou + nConExtWin] =
      conExtWinFra[i].Q_flow;
  end for;
  if nConExtWin == 0 then
    conExtWin[1].T = T0;
    conExtWinFra[1].T = T0;
    JOutConExtWin[1] = 0;
  end if;
  // Sum of energy balance
  // Remove sumEBal and assert statement for final release
  sumEBal = sum(conExt.Q_flow) + sum(conPar_a.Q_flow) + sum(conPar_b.Q_flow) +
    sum(conBou.Q_flow) + sum(conSurBou.Q_flow) + sum(conExtWin.Q_flow) + sum(
    conExtWinFra.Q_flow) + (sum(JInConExtWin) + sum(JOutConExtWin));
  assert(abs(sumEBal) < 1E-1,
    "Program error: Energy is not conserved in InfraredRadiationExchange." +
    "\n  Sum of all energy is " + String(sumEBal));
end InfraredRadiationExchange;

Buildings.Rooms.BaseClasses.InfraredRadiationGainDistribution

Information

Qⁱ = Q   Aⁱ   εⁱ ⁄ ∑_k A^k   ε^k.

For opaque surfaces, the heat flow rate Qⁱ is set to be equal to the heat flow rate at the heat port. For the glass of the windows, the heat flow rate Qⁱ is set to the radiosity Jⁱ that will strike the glass or the window shade.

Extends from Buildings.Rooms.BaseClasses.PartialSurfaceInterface (Partial model that is used for infrared radiation balance).

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
ParameterConstruction	datConExt[NConExt]		Data for exterior construction
ParameterConstructionWithWindow	datConExtWin[NConExtWin]		Data for exterior construction with window
ParameterConstruction	datConPar[NConPar]		Data for partition construction
ParameterConstruction	datConBou[NConBou]		Data for construction boundary
Generic	surBou[NSurBou]		Record for data of surfaces whose heat conduction is modeled outside of this room
Boolean	haveShade		Set to true if a shade is present
Exterior constructions
Integer	nConExt		Number of exterior constructions
Integer	nConExtWin		Number of window constructions
Partition constructions
Integer	nConPar		Number of partition constructions
Boundary constructions
Integer	nConBou		Number of constructions that have their outside surface exposed to the boundary of this room
Integer	nSurBou		Number of surface heat transfer models that connect to constructions that are modeled outside of this room

Connectors

Type	Name	Description
HeatPort_a	conExt[NConExt]	Heat port that connects to room-side surface of exterior constructions
HeatPort_a	conExtWin[NConExtWin]	Heat port that connects to room-side surface of exterior constructions that contain a window
HeatPort_a	conExtWinFra[NConExtWin]	Heat port that connects to room-side surface of window frame
HeatPort_a	conPar_a[NConPar]	Heat port that connects to room-side surface a of partition constructions
HeatPort_a	conPar_b[NConPar]	Heat port that connects to room-side surface b of partition constructions
HeatPort_a	conBou[NConBou]	Heat port that connects to room-side surface of constructions that expose their other surface to the outside
HeatPort_a	conSurBou[NSurBou]	Heat port to surfaces of models that compute the heat conduction outside of this room
input RealInput	uSha[NConExtWin]	Control signal for the shading device (removed if no shade is present)
input RealInput	Q_flow	Radiative heat input into room (positive if heat gain)
output RadiosityOutflow	JOutConExtWin[NConExtWin]	Outgoing radiosity that connects to shaded and unshaded part of glass [W]

Modelica definition

model InfraredRadiationGainDistribution 
  "Infrared radiative heat gain distribution between the room facing surfaces"
  extends Buildings.Rooms.BaseClasses.PartialSurfaceInterface;
  parameter Boolean haveShade "Set to true if a shade is present";

  Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput uSha[NConExtWin](each min=0, each max=1) if 
       haveShade 
    "Control signal for the shading device (removed if no shade is present)";

  Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput Q_flow 
    "Radiative heat input into room (positive if heat gain)";
  HeatTransfer.Interfaces.RadiosityOutflow[NConExtWin] JOutConExtWin 
    "Outgoing radiosity that connects to shaded and unshaded part of glass";
protected 
  Real fraConExt[NConExt] = AEpsConExt/sumAEps 
    "Fraction of infrared radiant heat gain absorbed by exterior constructions";
  Real fraConExtWinOpa[NConExtWin] = AEpsConExtWinOpa/sumAEps 
    "Fraction of infrared radiant heat gain absorbed by opaque part of exterior constructions that have a window";
  Real fraConExtWinGla[NConExtWin] = (AEpsConExtWinSha + AEpsConExtWinUns)/sumAEps 
    "Fraction of infrared radiant heat gain absorbed by opaque part of glass constructions that have a window";
  Real fraConExtWinFra[NConExtWin] = AEpsConExtWinFra/sumAEps 
    "Fraction of infrared radiant heat gain absorbed by window frame of exterior constructions that have a window";

  Real fraConPar_a[NConPar] = AEpsConPar_a/sumAEps 
    "Fraction of infrared radiant heat gain absorbed by partition constructions surface a";
  Real fraConPar_b[NConPar] = AEpsConPar_b/sumAEps 
    "Fraction of infrared radiant heat gain absorbed by partition constructions surface b";
  Real fraConBou[NConBou] = AEpsConBou/sumAEps 
    "Fraction of infrared radiant heat gain absorbed by constructions with exterior boundary conditions exposed to outside of room model";
  Real fraSurBou[NSurBou] = AEpsSurBou/sumAEps 
    "Fraction of infrared radiant heat gain absorbed by surface models of constructions that are modeled outside of this room";

 parameter Real AEpsConExt[NConExt] = {AConExt[i]*epsConExt[i] for i in 1:NConExt} 
    "Absorptivity times area of exterior constructions";
 parameter Real AEpsConExtWinOpa[NConExtWin] = {AConExtWinOpa[i]*epsConExtWinOpa[i] for i in 1:NConExtWin} 
    "Absorptivity times area of opaque part of exterior constructions that contain a window";
 Real AEpsConExtWinUns[NConExtWin] = {shaSig[i].yCom * AConExtWinGla[i]*epsConExtWinUns[i]
     for i in 1:NConExtWin} 
    "Absorptivity times area of unshaded window constructions";
 Real AEpsConExtWinSha[NConExtWin] = {shaSig[i].y    * AConExtWinGla[i]*epsConExtWinSha[i]
    for i in 1:NConExtWin} 
    "Absorptivity times area of shaded window constructions";
 parameter Real AEpsConExtWinFra[NConExtWin] = {AConExtWinFra[i]*epsConExtWinFra[i] for i in 1:NConExtWin} 
    "Absorptivity times area of window frame";
 parameter Real AEpsConPar_a[NConPar] = {AConPar[i]*epsConPar_a[i] for i in 1:NConPar} 
    "Absorptivity times area of partition constructions surface a";
 parameter Real AEpsConPar_b[NConPar] = {AConPar[i]*epsConPar_b[i] for i in 1:NConPar} 
    "Absorptivity times area of partition constructions surface b";
 parameter Real AEpsConBou[NConBou] = {AConBou[i]*epsConBou[i] for i in 1:NConBou} 
    "Absorptivity times area of constructions with exterior boundary conditions exposed to outside of room model";
 parameter Real AEpsSurBou[NSurBou] = {ASurBou[i]*epsSurBou[i] for i in 1:NSurBou} 
    "Absorptivity times area of surface models of constructions that are modeled outside of this room";

 parameter Real sumAEpsNoWin(fixed=false) 
    "Sum of absorptivity times area of all constructions except for windows";
 Real sumAEps 
    "Sum of absorptivity times area of all constructions including windows";

 Buildings.HeatTransfer.Windows.BaseClasses.ShadingSignal shaSig[NConExtWin](
      each final haveShade=haveShade) 
    "Block to constrain the shading control signal to be strictly within (0, 1) if a shade is present";
initial equation 
  sumAEpsNoWin = sum(AEpsConExt)+sum(AEpsConExtWinOpa)+sum(AEpsConExtWinFra)
                +sum(AEpsConPar_a)+sum(AEpsConPar_b)+sum(AEpsConBou)+sum(AEpsSurBou);
equation 
  connect(uSha, shaSig.u);

  sumAEps      = sumAEpsNoWin + sum(AEpsConExtWinUns) + sum(AEpsConExtWinSha);

  // Infrared radiative heat flow
  conExt.Q_flow    = -fraConExt*Q_flow;
  conExtWin.Q_flow = -fraConExtWinOpa*Q_flow;
  conPar_a.Q_flow  = -fraConPar_a*Q_flow;
  conPar_b.Q_flow  = -fraConPar_b*Q_flow;
  conBou.Q_flow    = -fraConBou*Q_flow;
  conSurBou.Q_flow    = -fraSurBou*Q_flow;
  // This model makes the simplification that the shade, the glass and the frame have
  // the same absorptivity in the infrared region
  JOutConExtWin        = -fraConExtWinGla*Q_flow;
  conExtWinFra.Q_flow  = -fraConExtWinFra*Q_flow;
  // Check for conservation of energy
  assert(abs(1 - sum(fraConExt) - sum(fraConExtWinOpa)- sum(fraConExtWinGla) - sum(fraConExtWinFra)
           - sum(fraConPar_a) - sum(fraConPar_b)
           - sum(fraConBou) - sum(fraSurBou))  < 1E-5,
           "Programming error: Radiation balance is wrong. Check equations.");
end InfraredRadiationGainDistribution;

Buildings.Rooms.BaseClasses.MixedAir

Information

The main components that are used in this model are as follows:

1. The model Buildings.HeatTransfer.Convection is used to compute heat convection between the room air and the surface of opaque constructions.
2. The model Buildings.HeatTransfer.Windows.InteriorHeatTransfer is used to compute heat convection between the room air and the surfaces of the window glass, frame and shade.
3. The thermodynamics of the room air is modeled using Buildings.Fluid.MixingVolumes.MixingVolume which assumes the room air to be completely mixed. Depending on the medium model, moisture and species concentrations, such as CO₂, can be modeled transiently.
4. The latent heat gain of the room, which is a user-input, is converted to a moisture source using the model Buildings.Rooms.BaseClasses.HeatGain.
5. The radiant heat gains in the infrared spectrum are also a user input. They are distributed to the room enclosing surfaces using the model Buildings.Rooms.BaseClasses.InfraredRadiationGainDistribution.
6. The infrared radiative heat exchange between the room enclosing surfaces is modeled in Buildings.Rooms.BaseClasses.InfraredRadiationExchange. This model takes into account the absorptivity of the surfaces and the surface area. However, the view factors are assumed to be proportional to the area of the receiving surface, without taking into account the location of the surfaces.
7. The solar radiation exchange is modeled in Buildings.Rooms.BaseClasses.SolarRadiationExchange. The assumptions in this model is that all solar radiation first hits the floor, and is then partially absorbed and partially reflected by the floor. The reflectance are diffuse, and the reflected radiation is distributed in proportion to the product of the receiving areas times their solar absorptivity.

Extends from Buildings.Fluid.Interfaces.LumpedVolumeDeclarations (Declarations for lumped volumes), Buildings.Rooms.BaseClasses.PartialSurfaceInterface (Partial model that is used for infrared radiation balance).

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
replaceable package Medium		PartialMedium	Medium in the component
ParameterConstruction	datConExt[NConExt]		Data for exterior construction
ParameterConstructionWithWindow	datConExtWin[NConExtWin]		Data for exterior construction with window
ParameterConstruction	datConPar[NConPar]		Data for partition construction
ParameterConstruction	datConBou[NConBou]		Data for construction boundary
Generic	surBou[NSurBou]		Record for data of surfaces whose heat conduction is modeled outside of this room
Volume	V		Volume [m3]
Area	AFlo		Floor area [m2]
Length	hRoo		Average room height [m]
Boolean	isFloorSurBou[NSurBou]	surBou.isFloor	Flag to indicate if floor for constructions that are modeled outside of this room
Emissivity	tauGlaSol[NConExtWin]		Transmissivity of window [1]
Boolean	linearizeRadiation		Set to true to linearize emissive power
Exterior constructions
Integer	nConExt		Number of exterior constructions
Integer	nConExtWin		Number of window constructions
Partition constructions
Integer	nConPar		Number of partition constructions
Boundary constructions
Integer	nConBou		Number of constructions that have their outside surface exposed to the boundary of this room
Integer	nSurBou		Number of surface heat transfer models that connect to constructions that are modeled outside of this room
Convective heat transfer
InteriorConvection	conMod	Buildings.HeatTransfer.Types...	Convective heat transfer model for opaque constructions
CoefficientOfHeatTransfer	hFixed	3.0	Constant convection coefficient for opaque constructions [W/(m2.K)]
Nominal condition
MassFlowRate	m_flow_nominal		Nominal mass flow rate [kg/s]
Dynamics
Equations
Dynamics	energyDynamics	Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamic...	Formulation of energy balance
Dynamics	massDynamics	energyDynamics	Formulation of mass balance
Initialization
AbsolutePressure	p_start	Medium.p_default	Start value of pressure [Pa]
Temperature	T_start	Medium.T_default	Start value of temperature [K]
MassFraction	X_start[Medium.nX]	Medium.X_default	Start value of mass fractions m_i/m [kg/kg]
ExtraProperty	C_start[Medium.nC]	fill(0, Medium.nC)	Start value of trace substances
ExtraProperty	C_nominal[Medium.nC]	fill(1E-2, Medium.nC)	Nominal value of trace substances. (Set to typical order of magnitude.)

Connectors

Type	Name	Description
HeatPort_a	conExt[NConExt]	Heat port that connects to room-side surface of exterior constructions
HeatPort_a	conExtWin[NConExtWin]	Heat port that connects to room-side surface of exterior constructions that contain a window
HeatPort_a	conExtWinFra[NConExtWin]	Heat port that connects to room-side surface of window frame
HeatPort_a	conPar_a[NConPar]	Heat port that connects to room-side surface a of partition constructions
HeatPort_a	conPar_b[NConPar]	Heat port that connects to room-side surface b of partition constructions
HeatPort_a	conBou[NConBou]	Heat port that connects to room-side surface of constructions that expose their other surface to the outside
HeatPort_a	conSurBou[NSurBou]	Heat port to surfaces of models that compute the heat conduction outside of this room
HeatPort_a	glaUns[NConExtWin]	Heat port that connects to room-side surface of unshaded glass
HeatPort_a	glaSha[NConExtWin]	Heat port that connects to room-side surface of shaded glass
VesselFluidPorts_b	ports[nPorts]	Fluid inlets and outlets
HeatPort_a	heaPorAir	Heat port to air volume
input RadiosityInflow	JInSha[NConExtWin]	Incoming radiosity that connects to shaded part of glass [W]
output RadiosityOutflow	JOutSha[NConExtWin]	Outgoing radiosity that connects to shaded part of glass [W]
input RadiosityInflow	JInUns[NConExtWin]	Incoming radiosity that connects to unshaded part of glass [W]
output RadiosityOutflow	JOutUns[NConExtWin]	Outgoing radiosity that connects to unshaded part of glass [W]
input RealInput	qGai_flow[3]	Radiant, convective and latent heat input into room (positive if heat gain)
input RealInput	uSha[NConExtWin]	Control signal for the shading device (removed if no shade is present)
input RealInput	QAbsSolSha_flow[NConExtWin]	Solar radiation absorbed by shade [W]
input RealInput	JInConExtWin[NConExtWin]	Solar radiation transmitted from the outside through the glazing system [W]
output RealOutput	HOutConExtWin[NConExtWin]	Outgoing solar radiation that strikes window [W/m2]
HeatPort_a	heaPorRad	Heat port for radiative heat gain and radiative temperature

Modelica definition

model MixedAir "Model for room air that is completely mixed"
  extends Buildings.Fluid.Interfaces.LumpedVolumeDeclarations;
  extends Buildings.Rooms.BaseClasses.PartialSurfaceInterface;

  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Volume V "Volume";

  // Port definitions
  parameter Integer nPorts=0 "Number of fluid ports of this model";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Area AFlo "Floor area";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Length hRoo "Average room height";

  parameter Buildings.HeatTransfer.Types.InteriorConvection conMod=
  Buildings.HeatTransfer.Types.InteriorConvection.Temperature 
    "Convective heat transfer model for opaque constructions";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.CoefficientOfHeatTransfer hFixed=3.0 
    "Constant convection coefficient for opaque constructions";

  final parameter Boolean isFloorConExt[NConExt]=
    datConExt.isFloor "Flag to indicate if floor for exterior constructions";
  final parameter Boolean isFloorConExtWin[NConExtWin]=
    datConExtWin.isFloor "Flag to indicate if floor for constructions";
  final parameter Boolean isFloorConPar_a[NConPar]=
    datConPar.isFloor "Flag to indicate if floor for constructions";
  final parameter Boolean isFloorConPar_b[NConPar]=
    datConPar.isCeiling "Flag to indicate if floor for constructions";
  final parameter Boolean isFloorConBou[NConBou]=
    datConBou.isFloor 
    "Flag to indicate if floor for constructions with exterior boundary conditions exposed to outside of room model";
  parameter Boolean isFloorSurBou[NSurBou]=
    surBou.isFloor 
    "Flag to indicate if floor for constructions that are modeled outside of this room";

  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Emissivity tauGlaSol[NConExtWin] 
    "Transmissivity of window";

  Buildings.Fluid.MixingVolumes.MixingVolume vol(V=AFlo*hRoo,
    redeclare package Medium = Medium,
    final energyDynamics=energyDynamics,
    final massDynamics=massDynamics,
    final p_start=p_start,
    final T_start=T_start,
    final X_start=X_start,
    final C_start=C_start,
    final C_nominal=C_nominal,
    final m_flow_nominal = m_flow_nominal,
    final prescribedHeatFlowRate = true,
    final nPorts=nPorts+1) "Room air volume";
  // Heat ports that are needed to connect to the window glass
  Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_a glaUns[NConExtWin] if 
     haveConExtWin 
    "Heat port that connects to room-side surface of unshaded glass";
  Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_a glaSha[NConExtWin] if 
       haveShade "Heat port that connects to room-side surface of shaded glass";
  Modelica.Fluid.Vessels.BaseClasses.VesselFluidPorts_b ports[nPorts](
      redeclare each final package Medium = Medium) "Fluid inlets and outlets";

  Buildings.HeatTransfer.Convection.Interior convConExt[
                                     NConExt](
    final A=AConExt,
    final til =  datConExt.til,
    each conMod=conMod,
    each hFixed=hFixed) if 
       haveConExt "Convective heat transfer";
  Buildings.HeatTransfer.Convection.Interior convConExtWin[
                                        NConExtWin](
    final A=AConExtWinOpa,
    final til =  datConExtWin.til,
    each conMod=conMod,
    each hFixed=hFixed) if 
       haveConExtWin "Convective heat transfer";
  HeatTransfer.Windows.InteriorHeatTransfer convConWin[NConExtWin](
    final fFra=fFra,
    each final linearizeRadiation = linearizeRadiation,
    final haveExteriorShade=haveExteriorShade,
    final haveInteriorShade=haveInteriorShade,
    final A=AConExtWinGla + AConExtWinFra,
    final absIRSha_air=epsConExtWinSha,
    final absIRSha_glass=epsConExtWinUns,
    final tauIRSha_air=tauIRSha_air,
    final tauIRSha_glass=tauIRSha_glass) if 
       haveConExtWin "Model for convective heat transfer at window";
  // For conPar_a, we use for the tilt pi-tilt since it is the
  // surface that is on the other side of the construction
  Buildings.HeatTransfer.Convection.Interior convConPar_a[
                                       nConPar](
    final A=AConPar,
    final til=Modelica.Constants.pi .- datConPar.til,
    each conMod=conMod,
    each hFixed=hFixed) if 
       haveConPar "Convective heat transfer";
  Buildings.HeatTransfer.Convection.Interior convConPar_b[
                                       nConPar](
    final A=AConPar,
    final til =  datConPar.til,
    each conMod=conMod,
    each hFixed=hFixed) if 
       haveConPar "Convective heat transfer";
  Buildings.HeatTransfer.Convection.Interior convConBou[
                                     nConBou](
    final A=AConBou,
    final til =  datConBou.til,
    each conMod=conMod,
    each hFixed=hFixed) if 
       haveConBou "Convective heat transfer";
  Buildings.HeatTransfer.Convection.Interior convSurBou[
                                     nSurBou](
    final A=ASurBou,
    final til =  surBou.til,
    each conMod=conMod,
    each hFixed=hFixed) if 
       haveSurBou "Convective heat transfer";
protected 
  Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Components.ThermalCollector theConConExt(final m=
        nConExt) if 
       haveConExt 
    "Thermal collector to convert from vector to scalar connector";
  Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Components.ThermalCollector theConConExtWin(
      final m=nConExtWin) if 
       haveConExtWin 
    "Thermal collector to convert from vector to scalar connector";
  Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Components.ThermalCollector theConConWin(final m=
        nConExtWin) if 
       haveConExtWin 
    "Thermal collector to convert from vector to scalar connector";
  Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Components.ThermalCollector theConConPar_a(final m=
        nConPar) if 
       haveConPar 
    "Thermal collector to convert from vector to scalar connector";
  Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Components.ThermalCollector theConConPar_b(final m=
        nConPar) if 
       haveConPar 
    "Thermal collector to convert from vector to scalar connector";
  Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Components.ThermalCollector theConConBou(final m=
        nConBou) if 
       haveConBou 
    "Thermal collector to convert from vector to scalar connector";
  Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Components.ThermalCollector theConSurBou(final m=
        nSurBou) if 
       haveSurBou 
    "Thermal collector to convert from vector to scalar connector";
public 
  Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_a heaPorAir 
    "Heat port to air volume";

  final parameter Modelica.SIunits.TransmissionCoefficient tauIRSha_air[NConExtWin]=
    datConExtWin.glaSys.shade.tauIR_a 
    "Infrared transmissivity of shade for radiation coming from the exterior or the room";
        final parameter Modelica.SIunits.TransmissionCoefficient tauIRSha_glass[
                                                                          NConExtWin]=
    datConExtWin.glaSys.shade.tauIR_b 
    "Infrared transmissivity of shade for radiation coming from the glass";

  final parameter Boolean haveExteriorShade[NConExtWin]=
    {datConExtWin[i].glaSys.haveExteriorShade for i in 1:NConExtWin} 
    "Set to true if window has exterior shade (at surface a)";
  final parameter Boolean haveInteriorShade[NConExtWin]=
    {datConExtWin[i].glaSys.haveInteriorShade for i in 1:NConExtWin} 
    "Set to true if window has interior shade (at surface b)";
  final parameter Boolean haveShade = haveExteriorShade[1] or haveInteriorShade[1] 
    "Set to true if the windows have a shade";
  final parameter Real fFra[NConExtWin](each min=0, each max=1) = datConExtWin.fFra 
    "Fraction of window frame divided by total window area";
  parameter Boolean linearizeRadiation 
    "Set to true to linearize emissive power";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.MassFlowRate m_flow_nominal(min=0) 
    "Nominal mass flow rate";
  HeatTransfer.Interfaces.RadiosityInflow JInSha[NConExtWin] if 
                                       haveShade 
    "Incoming radiosity that connects to shaded part of glass";

  HeatTransfer.Interfaces.RadiosityOutflow JOutSha[NConExtWin] if 
                                         haveShade 
    "Outgoing radiosity that connects to shaded part of glass";
  HeatTransfer.Interfaces.RadiosityInflow JInUns[NConExtWin] if 
     haveConExtWin "Incoming radiosity that connects to unshaded part of glass";
  HeatTransfer.Interfaces.RadiosityOutflow JOutUns[NConExtWin] if 
     haveConExtWin "Outgoing radiosity that connects to unshaded part of glass";

  SolarRadiationExchange solRadExc(
    final nConExt=nConExt,
    final nConExtWin=nConExtWin,
    final nConPar=nConPar,
    final nConBou=nConBou,
    final nSurBou=nSurBou,
    final datConExt = datConExt,
    final datConExtWin = datConExtWin,
    final datConPar = datConPar,
    final datConBou = datConBou,
    final surBou = surBou,
    final isFloorConExt=isFloorConExt,
    final isFloorConExtWin=isFloorConExtWin,
    final isFloorConPar_a=isFloorConPar_a,
    final isFloorConPar_b=isFloorConPar_b,
    final isFloorConBou=isFloorConBou,
    final isFloorSurBou=isFloorSurBou,
    final tauGla=tauGlaSol) if 
       haveConExtWin "Solar radiative heat exchange";

  InfraredRadiationGainDistribution irRadGai(
    final nConExt=nConExt,
    final nConExtWin=nConExtWin,
    final nConPar=nConPar,
    final nConBou=nConBou,
    final nSurBou=nSurBou,
    final datConExt = datConExt,
    final datConExtWin = datConExtWin,
    final datConPar = datConPar,
    final datConBou = datConBou,
    final surBou = surBou,
    final haveShade=haveShade) 
    "Distribution for infrared radiative heat gains (e.g., due to equipment and people)";
  InfraredRadiationExchange irRadExc(
    final nConExt=nConExt,
    final nConExtWin=nConExtWin,
    final nConPar=nConPar,
    final nConBou=nConBou,
    final nSurBou=nSurBou,
    final datConExt = datConExt,
    final datConExtWin = datConExtWin,
    final datConPar = datConPar,
    final datConBou = datConBou,
    final surBou = surBou,
    final linearizeRadiation = linearizeRadiation) 
    "Infrared radiative heat exchange";

  Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput qGai_flow[3] 
    "Radiant, convective and latent heat input into room (positive if heat gain)";

  Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput uSha[NConExtWin](each min=0, each max=1) if 
       haveShade 
    "Control signal for the shading device (removed if no shade is present)";

  Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput QAbsSolSha_flow[NConExtWin](
    final unit="W", quantity="Power") if 
       haveConExtWin "Solar radiation absorbed by shade";
  Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput JInConExtWin[NConExtWin](final unit="W",
      quantity="Power") if haveConExtWin 
    "Solar radiation transmitted from the outside through the glazing system";

  Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput HOutConExtWin[NConExtWin](unit="W/m2") if 
       haveConExtWin "Outgoing solar radiation that strikes window";

  HeatGain heaGai(redeclare package Medium = Medium, final AFlo=AFlo) 
    "Model to convert internal heat gains";
protected 
  RadiationAdapter radiationAdapter;
  Modelica.Blocks.Math.Add add;
public 
  RadiationTemperature radTem(
    final nConExt=nConExt,
    final nConExtWin=nConExtWin,
    final nConPar=nConPar,
    final nConBou=nConBou,
    final nSurBou=nSurBou,
    final datConExt=datConExt,
    final datConExtWin=datConExtWin,
    final datConPar=datConPar,
    final datConBou=datConBou,
    final surBou=surBou,
    final haveShade=haveShade) "Radiative temperature of the room";
  Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_a heaPorRad 
    "Heat port for radiative heat gain and radiative temperature";
equation 
  connect(convConExt.solid, conExt);
  connect(convConPar_a.solid, conPar_a);
  connect(convConPar_b.solid, conPar_b);
  connect(convConBou.solid, conBou);
  connect(convSurBou.solid, conSurBou);
  connect(convConExt.fluid, theConConExt.port_a);
  connect(convConPar_a.fluid, theConConPar_a.port_a);
  connect(convConPar_b.fluid, theConConPar_b.port_a);
  connect(convConBou.fluid, theConConBou.port_a);
  connect(convSurBou.fluid, theConSurBou.port_a);
  connect(theConConExt.port_b,vol. heatPort);
  connect(theConConExtWin.port_b,vol. heatPort);
  connect(theConConPar_a.port_b,vol. heatPort);
  connect(theConConPar_b.port_b,vol. heatPort);
  connect(theConConBou.port_b,vol. heatPort);
  connect(theConSurBou.port_b,vol. heatPort);
  connect(vol.heatPort, heaPorAir);
  connect(convConWin.JOutUns, JOutUns);
  connect(JInUns, convConWin.JInUns);
  connect(convConWin.JOutSha, JOutSha);
  connect(convConWin.JInSha, JInSha);
  connect(uSha, convConWin.uSha);
  connect(conExt, irRadExc.conExt);
  connect(conExtWinFra, irRadExc.conExtWinFra);
  connect(conPar_a, irRadExc.conPar_a);
  connect(conPar_b, irRadExc.conPar_b);

  connect(conBou, irRadExc.conBou);

  connect(conSurBou, irRadExc.conSurBou);
  connect(irRadExc.JOutConExtWin, convConWin.JInRoo);
  connect(convConWin.JOutRoo, irRadExc.JInConExtWin);
  connect(irRadGai.JOutConExtWin, convConWin.JInRoo);
  connect(irRadGai.conExt, conExt);
  connect(irRadGai.conExtWinFra, conExtWinFra);
  connect(irRadGai.conPar_a, conPar_a);
  connect(irRadGai.conPar_b, conPar_b);
  connect(irRadGai.conBou, conBou);
  connect(irRadGai.conSurBou, conSurBou);

  connect(irRadGai.uSha, uSha);
  connect(heaGai.QCon_flow,vol. heatPort);
  connect(heaGai.qGai_flow, qGai_flow);
  connect(convConExtWin.fluid, theConConExtWin.port_a);
  connect(convConExtWin.solid, conExtWin);
  connect(conExtWin, irRadExc.conExtWin);
  connect(conExtWin, irRadGai.conExtWin);
  connect(heaGai.QLat_flow,vol. ports[nPorts+1]);
  for i in 1:nPorts loop
    connect(ports[i],vol. ports[i]);
  end for;
  connect(convConWin.air, theConConWin.port_a);
  connect(theConConWin.port_b,vol. heatPort);
  connect(glaUns, convConWin.glaUns);
  connect(convConWin.glaSha, glaSha);

  connect(conExt, solRadExc.conExt);
  connect(conExtWinFra, solRadExc.conExtWinFra);
  connect(conPar_a, solRadExc.conPar_a);
  connect(conPar_b, solRadExc.conPar_b);
  connect(conBou, solRadExc.conBou);
  connect(conSurBou, solRadExc.conSurBou);
  connect(conExtWin, solRadExc.conExtWin);
  connect(QAbsSolSha_flow, convConWin.QAbs_flow);
  connect(solRadExc.JInConExtWin, JInConExtWin);
  connect(solRadExc.HOutConExtWin,HOutConExtWin);
  connect(uSha, radTem.uSha);
  connect(conExt, radTem.conExt);
  connect(conExtWin, radTem.conExtWin);
  connect(conExtWinFra, radTem.conExtWinFra);
  connect(conPar_a, radTem.conPar_a);
  connect(conPar_b, radTem.conPar_b);

  connect(conBou, radTem.conBou);

  connect(conSurBou, radTem.conSurBou);

  connect(radTem.glaUns, glaUns);
  connect(radTem.glaSha, glaSha);
  connect(convConWin.sha, radTem.sha);

  connect(radTem.TRad, radiationAdapter.TRad);
  connect(radiationAdapter.rad, heaPorRad);

  connect(radiationAdapter.QRad_flow, add.u1);
  connect(heaGai.QRad_flow, add.u2);
  connect(add.y, irRadGai.Q_flow);
  connect(conExtWinFra, convConWin.frame);
end MixedAir;

Buildings.Rooms.BaseClasses.RadiationAdapter

Information

Extends from Buildings.BaseClasses.BaseIcon (Base icon).

Connectors

Type	Name	Description
HeatPort_a	rad	Port for radiative heat gain and radiation temperature
input RealInput	TRad	Radiation temperature of room
output RealOutput	QRad_flow	Radiative heat gain

Modelica definition

model RadiationAdapter 
  "Model to connect between signals and heat port for radiative gains of the room"
  extends Buildings.BaseClasses.BaseIcon;

  Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_a rad 
    "Port for radiative heat gain and radiation temperature";
public 
  Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput TRad "Radiation temperature of room";
  Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput QRad_flow "Radiative heat gain";
equation 
  QRad_flow = rad.Q_flow;
  rad.T = TRad;
end RadiationAdapter;

Buildings.Rooms.BaseClasses.RadiationTemperature

Information

This model computes the radiative temperature in the room. For a room with windows but no shade, the radiative temperature is computed as

T_rad = ∑_i   (Aⁱ   εⁱ   Tⁱ) ⁄ ∑_i   (Aⁱ   εⁱ)

If a the windows have a shade, then the equation is modified to take the actual shaded and non-shaded surface area into account. In this situation, the shaded part of a window has a infrared radiative power of

E = A   ( u   ε_s   T_s + (1-u)   ε_g τ_s   T_gs)

E = A   (1-u)   ε_g   T_gn

Extends from Buildings.Rooms.BaseClasses.PartialSurfaceInterface (Partial model that is used for infrared radiation balance).

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
ParameterConstruction	datConExt[NConExt]		Data for exterior construction
ParameterConstructionWithWindow	datConExtWin[NConExtWin]		Data for exterior construction with window
ParameterConstruction	datConPar[NConPar]		Data for partition construction
ParameterConstruction	datConBou[NConBou]		Data for construction boundary
Generic	surBou[NSurBou]		Record for data of surfaces whose heat conduction is modeled outside of this room
Boolean	haveShade		Set to true if the windows have a shade
Exterior constructions
Integer	nConExt		Number of exterior constructions
Integer	nConExtWin		Number of window constructions
Partition constructions
Integer	nConPar		Number of partition constructions
Boundary constructions
Integer	nConBou		Number of constructions that have their outside surface exposed to the boundary of this room
Integer	nSurBou		Number of surface heat transfer models that connect to constructions that are modeled outside of this room

Connectors

Type	Name	Description
HeatPort_a	conExt[NConExt]	Heat port that connects to room-side surface of exterior constructions
HeatPort_a	conExtWin[NConExtWin]	Heat port that connects to room-side surface of exterior constructions that contain a window
HeatPort_a	conExtWinFra[NConExtWin]	Heat port that connects to room-side surface of window frame
HeatPort_a	conPar_a[NConPar]	Heat port that connects to room-side surface a of partition constructions
HeatPort_a	conPar_b[NConPar]	Heat port that connects to room-side surface b of partition constructions
HeatPort_a	conBou[NConBou]	Heat port that connects to room-side surface of constructions that expose their other surface to the outside
HeatPort_a	conSurBou[NSurBou]	Heat port to surfaces of models that compute the heat conduction outside of this room
HeatPort_a	glaUns[NConExtWin]	Heat port that connects to room-side surface of unshaded glass
HeatPort_a	glaSha[NConExtWin]	Heat port that connects to room-side surface of shaded glass
HeatPort_a	sha[NConExtWin]	Heat port that connects to shade
input RealInput	uSha[NConExtWin]	Control signal for the shading device (removed if no shade is present)
output RealOutput	TRad	Radiative temperature [K]

Modelica definition

model RadiationTemperature "Radiative temperature of the room"
  extends Buildings.Rooms.BaseClasses.PartialSurfaceInterface;

  Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_a glaUns[NConExtWin] if 
     haveConExtWin 
    "Heat port that connects to room-side surface of unshaded glass";
  Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_a glaSha[NConExtWin] if 
    haveShade "Heat port that connects to room-side surface of shaded glass";
  Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_a sha[NConExtWin] if 
    haveShade "Heat port that connects to shade";
  parameter Boolean haveShade "Set to true if the windows have a shade";

  Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput uSha[NConExtWin](each min=0, each max=1) if 
       haveShade 
    "Control signal for the shading device (removed if no shade is present)";

  Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput TRad(min=0, unit="K", displayUnit="degC") 
    "Radiative temperature";

protected 
  final parameter Integer NOpa = NConExt+2*NConExtWin+2*NConPar+NConBou+NSurBou 
    "Number of opaque surfaces, including the window frame";
  final parameter Integer NWin = NConExtWin "Number of window surfaces";
  final parameter Integer NTot = NOpa + NWin "Total number of surfaces";

  final parameter Modelica.SIunits.Area AGla[NWin] = datConExtWin.AGla 
    "Surface area of opaque surfaces";
  final parameter Real epsGla[NWin](min=0, max=1)=
    {datConExtWin[i].glaSys.glass[datConExtWin[i].glaSys.nLay].absIR_b for i in 1:NWin} 
    "Absorptivity of glass";
  final parameter Real epsSha[NWin](min=0, max=1)=
    {datConExtWin[i].glaSys.shade.absIR_a for i in 1:NWin} 
    "Absorptivity of shade";
  final parameter Real tauSha[NWin](min=0, max=1)=
    {(if datConExtWin[i].glaSys.haveInteriorShade then 
      datConExtWin[i].glaSys.shade.tauIR_a else 1) for i in 1:NWin} 
    "Transmissivity of shade";
  final parameter Modelica.SIunits.Area epsAOpa[NOpa](fixed=false) 
    "Product of area times absorptivity of opaque surfaces";
  final parameter Modelica.SIunits.Area epsAGla[NWin](fixed=false) 
    "Product of area times absorptivity of window surfaces";
  final parameter Modelica.SIunits.Area epsASha[NWin](fixed=false) 
    "Product of area times absorptivity of window shade";
  final parameter Modelica.SIunits.Area epsTauASha[NWin](fixed=false) 
    "Product of area times glass absorptivity times shade transmittance";
  Modelica.SIunits.Temperature TOpa[NOpa](each start=293.15, each nominal=293.15) 
    "Temperature of opaque surfaces";
  Modelica.SIunits.Temperature TGlaUns[NWin](each start=293.15, each nominal=293.15) 
    "Temperature of unshaded part of glass";
  Modelica.SIunits.Temperature TGlaSha[NWin](each start=293.15, each nominal=293.15) 
    "Temperature of shaded part of glass";
  Modelica.SIunits.Temperature TSha[NWin](each start=293.15, each nominal=293.15) 
    "Temperature of shade";
  // Internal connectors, used because of the conditionally removed connectors
  Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_a glaUns_internal[NConExtWin] 
    "Heat port that connects to room-side surface of unshaded glass";
  Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_a glaSha_internal[NConExtWin] 
    "Heat port that connects to room-side surface of shaded glass";
  Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_a sha_internal[NConExtWin] 
    "Heat port that connects to shade";
  Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput uSha_internal[NConExtWin](each min=0, each max=1) 
    "Control signal for the shading device";

initial equation 
  // The next loops build the array epsAOpa that simplifies
  // the model equations.
  // The arrays stores the values of the constructios in the following order
  // [x[1:NConExt] x[1:NConPar] x[1: NConPar] x[1: NConBou] x[1: NSurBou] x[1: NConExtWin] x[1: NConExtWin]]
  // where x is epsOpa, AOpa or kOpa.
  // The last two entries are for the opaque wall that contains a window, and for the window frame.
  for i in 1:NConExt loop
    epsAOpa[i] = epsConExt[i] * AConExt[i];
  end for;
  for i in 1:NConPar loop
    epsAOpa[i+NConExt]         = epsConPar_a[i] * AConPar[i];
    epsAOpa[i+NConExt+NConPar] = epsConPar_b[i] * AConPar[i];
  end for;
  for i in 1:NConBou loop
    epsAOpa[i+NConExt+2*NConPar] = epsConBou[i] * AConBou[i];
  end for;
  for i in 1:NSurBou loop
    epsAOpa[i+NConExt+2*NConPar+NConBou] = epsSurBou[i] * ASurBou[i];
  end for;
  for i in 1:NConExtWin loop
    // Opaque part of construction that has a window embedded
    epsAOpa[i+NConExt+2*NConPar+NConBou+NSurBou] = epsConExtWinOpa[i] * AConExtWinOpa[i];
    // Window frame
    epsAOpa[i+NConExt+2*NConPar+NConBou+NSurBou+NConExtWin] = epsConExtWinFra[i] * AConExtWinFra[i];
  end for;
  // Window glass
  for i in 1:NConExtWin loop
    // Window glass
    epsAGla[i] = AGla[i] * epsGla[i];
    // Window shade
    epsASha[i]    = AGla[i] * epsSha[i];
    // Emitted from glas and transmitted through window shade
    epsTauASha[i] = AGla[i] * epsGla[i] * tauSha[i];
  end for;
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
equation 
  // Conditional connnector
  connect(glaUns, glaUns_internal);
  connect(glaSha, glaSha_internal);
  connect(sha, sha_internal);
  connect(uSha, uSha_internal);
  if not haveConExtWin then
    glaUns_internal.T = fill(293.15, NConExtWin);
  end if;
  if not haveShade then
    glaSha_internal.T = fill(293.15, NConExtWin);
    sha_internal.T = fill(293.15, NConExtWin);
    uSha_internal = fill(0, NConExtWin);
  end if;

  // Assign temperature of opaque surfaces
  for i in 1:NConExt loop
    TOpa[i] = conExt[i].T;
  end for;
  for i in 1:NConPar loop
    TOpa[i+NConExt]         = conPar_a[i].T;
    TOpa[i+NConExt+NConPar] = conPar_b[i].T;
  end for;
  for i in 1:NConBou loop
    TOpa[i+NConExt+2*NConPar] = conBou[i].T;
  end for;
  for i in 1:NSurBou loop
    TOpa[i+NConExt+2*NConPar+NConBou] = conSurBou[i].T;
  end for;
  for i in 1:NConExtWin loop
    TOpa[i+NConExt+2*NConPar+NConBou+NSurBou]            = conExtWin[i].T;
    TOpa[i+NConExt+2*NConPar+NConBou+NConExtWin+NSurBou] = conExtWinFra[i].T;
  end for;
  // Assign temperature of glass and shade
  for i in 1:NConExtWin loop
    TGlaUns[i] = glaUns_internal[i].T;
    TGlaSha[i] = glaSha_internal[i].T;
    TSha[i]    = sha_internal[i].T;
  end for;
  // Compute radiative temperature
  if haveShade then
    TRad = (sum(epsAOpa[i] * TOpa[i] for i in 1:NOpa)
        + sum(
      ( uSha_internal[i] * (epsASha[i] * TSha[i] + epsTauASha[i] * TGlaSha[i]) +
      (1-uSha_internal[i]) * epsAGla[i] * TGlaUns[i])
        for i in 1:NConExtWin))  /
        (sum(epsAOpa) + sum(
      ( uSha_internal[i] * (epsASha[i] + epsTauASha[i]) + (1-uSha_internal[i]) * epsAGla[i])
        for i in 1:NConExtWin));
      else
    TRad = (sum(epsAOpa[i] * TOpa[i] for i in 1:NOpa) + sum(epsAGla .* TGlaUns)) / (sum(epsAOpa) + sum(epsAGla));
  end if;

  // Assign heat exchange to connectors
  for i in 1:NConExt loop
    0 = conExt[i].Q_flow;
  end for;
  for i in 1:NConPar loop
    0 = conPar_a[i].Q_flow;
    0 = conPar_b[i].Q_flow;
  end for;
  for i in 1:NConBou loop
    0 = conBou[i].Q_flow;
  end for;
  for i in 1:NSurBou loop
    0 = conSurBou[i].Q_flow;
  end for;
  for i in 1:NConExtWin loop
    0 = conExtWin[i].Q_flow;
    0 = conExtWinFra[i].Q_flow;
  end for;

 /*
  for i in 1:NConExtWin loop
    0 = glaUns_internal[i].Q_flow;
    0 = glaSha_internal[i].Q_flow;
    0 = sha_internal[i].Q_flow;
  end for;
*/

end RadiationTemperature;

Buildings.Rooms.BaseClasses.SolarRadiationExchange

Information

This model computes the distribution of the solar radiation gain to the room surfaces. Let N^w denote the number of windows, N^f the number of floor elements and Nⁿ the number of non-floor elements such as ceiling, wall and window elements. Input to the model are the solar radiosities Jⁱ, i ∈ {1, … , N^w}, that were transmitted through the window. The total incoming solar radiation is therefore

H = ∑_i=1^Nw J_inⁱ

It is assumed that H first hits the floor where some of it is absorbed, and some of it is diffusely reflected to all other surfaces. Only the first reflection is taken into account and the location of the floor patch relative to the window is neglected.

Hence, the radiation that is absorbed by each floor patch i ∈ {1, …, N^f}, and may be partially transmitted in the unusual case that the floor contains a window, is

Qⁱ = H   (εⁱ+τⁱ)   Aⁱ ⁄ ∑_j=1^Nf   A^j.

J^f = H   ∑_i=1^Nf (1-εⁱ-τⁱ)   Aⁱ ⁄ ∑_j=1^Nf   A^j.

This reflected radiosity is then distributed to all non-floor areas i ∈ {1, …, Nⁿ} using

Qⁱ = J^f   Aⁱ   (εⁱ+τⁱ) ⁄ ∑_k=1^Nn A^k   (ε^k+τ^k)

For opaque surfaces, the heat flow rate Qⁱ is set to be equal to the heat flow rate at the heat port. For the glass of the windows, the heat flow rate Qⁱ is set to the radiosity J_outⁱ that will strike the glass or the window shade as diffuse solar radiation.

Extends from Buildings.Rooms.BaseClasses.PartialSurfaceInterface (Partial model that is used for infrared radiation balance).

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
ParameterConstruction	datConExt[NConExt]		Data for exterior construction
ParameterConstructionWithWindow	datConExtWin[NConExtWin]		Data for exterior construction with window
ParameterConstruction	datConPar[NConPar]		Data for partition construction
ParameterConstruction	datConBou[NConBou]		Data for construction boundary
Generic	surBou[NSurBou]		Record for data of surfaces whose heat conduction is modeled outside of this room
Boolean	isFloorConExt[NConExt]		Flag to indicate if floor for exterior constructions
Boolean	isFloorConExtWin[NConExtWin]		Flag to indicate if floor for constructions
Boolean	isFloorConPar_a[NConPar]		Flag to indicate if floor for constructions
Boolean	isFloorConPar_b[NConPar]		Flag to indicate if floor for constructions
Boolean	isFloorConBou[NConBou]		Flag to indicate if floor for constructions with exterior boundary conditions exposed to outside of room model
Boolean	isFloorSurBou[NSurBou]		Flag to indicate if floor for constructions that are modeled outside of this room
Emissivity	tauGla[NConExtWin]		Transmissivity of window [1]
Exterior constructions
Integer	nConExt		Number of exterior constructions
Integer	nConExtWin		Number of window constructions
Partition constructions
Integer	nConPar		Number of partition constructions
Boundary constructions
Integer	nConBou		Number of constructions that have their outside surface exposed to the boundary of this room
Integer	nSurBou		Number of surface heat transfer models that connect to constructions that are modeled outside of this room

Connectors

Type	Name	Description
HeatPort_a	conExt[NConExt]	Heat port that connects to room-side surface of exterior constructions
HeatPort_a	conExtWin[NConExtWin]	Heat port that connects to room-side surface of exterior constructions that contain a window
HeatPort_a	conExtWinFra[NConExtWin]	Heat port that connects to room-side surface of window frame
HeatPort_a	conPar_a[NConPar]	Heat port that connects to room-side surface a of partition constructions
HeatPort_a	conPar_b[NConPar]	Heat port that connects to room-side surface b of partition constructions
HeatPort_a	conBou[NConBou]	Heat port that connects to room-side surface of constructions that expose their other surface to the outside
HeatPort_a	conSurBou[NSurBou]	Heat port to surfaces of models that compute the heat conduction outside of this room
output RealOutput	HOutConExtWin[NConExtWin]	Outgoing solar radiation that strikes window per unit area [W/m2]
input RealInput	JInConExtWin[NConExtWin]	Solar radiation transmitted by window per unit area [W]

Modelica definition

model SolarRadiationExchange 
  "Solar radiation heat exchange between the room facing surfaces"
  extends Buildings.Rooms.BaseClasses.PartialSurfaceInterface(
  final epsConExt = datConExt.layers.absSol_b,
  final epsConExtWinOpa = datConExtWin.layers.absSol_b,
  final epsConExtWinUns={(1-datConExtWin[i].glaSys.glass[datConExtWin[i].glaSys.nLay].tauSol
                     -datConExtWin[i].glaSys.glass[datConExtWin[i].glaSys.nLay].rhoSol_b) for i in 1:NConExtWin},
  final epsConExtWinSha = {(1-datConExtWin[i].glaSys.glass[datConExtWin[i].glaSys.nLay].tauSol
                       -datConExtWin[i].glaSys.glass[datConExtWin[i].glaSys.nLay].rhoSol_b) for i in 1:NConExtWin},
  final epsConExtWinFra = datConExtWin.glaSys.absSolFra,
  final epsConPar_a = datConPar.layers.absSol_a,
  final epsConPar_b = datConPar.layers.absSol_b,
  final epsConBou = datConBou.layers.absSol_b,
  final epsSurBou = surBou.absSol);
  // In the above declaration, we simplified the assignment of epsConExtWinSha.
  // An exact formulation would need to take into account the transmission and reflection
  // of the shade for the solar radiation that strikes the window from the room-side.
  // The simplification leads to too low a value of epsConExtWinSha. Since epsConExtWinSha
  // is used as a weight for how much solar radiation hits the window from the room-side,
  // underestimating epsConExtWinSha does not seem to cause concerns. The reason is that
  // the model assumes diffuse reflection, whereas in reality, reflection of the solar
  // radiation at the floor is likely specular, and therefore less radiation would hit
  // the window from the room-side.
  parameter Boolean isFloorConExt[NConExt] 
    "Flag to indicate if floor for exterior constructions";
  parameter Boolean isFloorConExtWin[NConExtWin] 
    "Flag to indicate if floor for constructions";
  parameter Boolean isFloorConPar_a[NConPar] 
    "Flag to indicate if floor for constructions";
  parameter Boolean isFloorConPar_b[NConPar] 
    "Flag to indicate if floor for constructions";
  parameter Boolean isFloorConBou[NConBou] 
    "Flag to indicate if floor for constructions with exterior boundary conditions exposed to outside of room model";
  parameter Boolean isFloorSurBou[NSurBou] 
    "Flag to indicate if floor for constructions that are modeled outside of this room";

  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Emissivity tauGla[NConExtWin] 
    "Transmissivity of window";

  Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput HOutConExtWin[NConExtWin](unit="W/m2") 
    "Outgoing solar radiation that strikes window per unit area";
  Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput JInConExtWin[NConExtWin](unit="W") 
    "Solar radiation transmitted by window per unit area";
  Modelica.SIunits.HeatFlowRate JOutConExtWin[NConExtWin] 
    "Outgoing solar radiation that strikes the window";

  Modelica.SIunits.HeatFlowRate HTot 
    "Total solar radiation that enters the room";

protected 
  final parameter Real k1(unit="1", fixed=false) 
    "Intermediate variable for gain for solar radiation distribution";
  final parameter Real k2(fixed=false) 
    "Intermediate variable for gain for solar radiation distribution";
  Modelica.SIunits.HeatFlowRate Q_flow[NTot] 
    "Total solar radiation that is absorbed by the surfaces (or transmitted back through the glass)";
  final parameter Integer NOpa = NConExt+2*NConExtWin+2*NConPar+NConBou+NSurBou 
    "Number of opaque surfaces, including the window frame";
  final parameter Integer NWin = NConExtWin "Number of window surfaces";
  final parameter Integer NTot = NOpa + NWin "Total number of surfaces";
  final parameter Boolean isFlo[NTot](fixed=false) 
    "Flag, true if a surface is a floor";
  final parameter Real eps[NTot](min=0, max=1, fixed=false) 
    "Solar absorptivity";
  final parameter Real tau[NTot](min=0, max=1, fixed=false) 
    "Solar transmissivity";
  final parameter Modelica.SIunits.Area AFlo(fixed=false) "Total floor area";
  final parameter Modelica.SIunits.Area A[NTot](fixed=false) "Surface areas";
  final parameter Real k[NTot](unit="1", fixed=false) 
    "Gain for solar radiation distribution";

initial equation 
  // The next loops builds arrays that simplify
  // the model equations.
  // These arrays store the values of the constructios in the following order
  // [x[1:NConExt] x[1:NConPar] x[1: NConPar] x[1: NConBou] x[1: NSurBou] x[1: NConExtWin] x[1: NConExtWin]]
  // where x is epsOpa, AOpa or kOpa.
  // The last two entries are for the opaque wall that contains a window, and for the window frame.
  for i in 1:NConExt loop
    eps[i] = epsConExt[i];
    A[i]      = AConExt[i];
    isFlo[i]  = isFloorConExt[i];
  end for;
  for i in 1:NConPar loop
    eps[i+NConExt]           = epsConPar_a[i];
    A[i+NConExt]             = AConPar[i];
    isFlo[i+NConExt]         = isFloorConPar_a[i];
    eps[i+NConExt+NConPar]   = epsConPar_b[i];
    A[i+NConExt+NConPar]     = AConPar[i];
    isFlo[i+NConExt+NConPar] = isFloorConPar_b[i];
  end for;
  for i in 1:NConBou loop
    eps[i+NConExt+2*NConPar]   = epsConBou[i];
    A[i+NConExt+2*NConPar]     = AConBou[i];
    isFlo[i+NConExt+2*NConPar] = isFloorConBou[i];
  end for;
  for i in 1:NSurBou loop
    eps[i+NConExt+2*NConPar+NConBou]   = epsSurBou[i];
    A[i+NConExt+2*NConPar+NConBou]     = ASurBou[i];
    isFlo[i+NConExt+2*NConPar+NConBou] = isFloorSurBou[i];
  end for;

  for i in 1:NConExtWin loop
    // Opaque part of construction that has a window embedded
    eps[i+NConExt+2*NConPar+NConBou+NSurBou]   = epsConExtWinOpa[i];
    A[i+NConExt+2*NConPar+NConBou+NSurBou]     = AConExtWinOpa[i];
    isFlo[i+NConExt+2*NConPar+NConBou+NSurBou] = isFloorConExtWin[i];
    // Window frame
    eps[i+NConExt+2*NConPar+NConBou+NSurBou+NConExtWin]   = epsConExtWinFra[i];
    A[i+NConExt+2*NConPar+NConBou+NSurBou+NConExtWin]     = AConExtWinFra[i];
    isFlo[i+NConExt+2*NConPar+NConBou+NSurBou+NConExtWin] = isFloorConExtWin[i];
  end for;
  // Window glass
  for i in 1:NConExtWin loop
    // We simplify and assume that the shaded and unshaded part of the window
    // have the same solar absorbtance.
    // This simplification allows lumping the solar distribution into
    // a parameter.
    eps[i+NConExt+2*NConPar+NConBou+NSurBou+2*NConExtWin] = epsConExtWinUns[i];
    isFlo[i+NConExt+2*NConPar+NConBou+NSurBou+2*NConExtWin] = isFloorConExtWin[i];
    A[i+NConExt+2*NConPar+NConBou+NSurBou+2*NConExtWin] = AConExtWinGla[i];
  end for;
  // Vector with all surface areas.
  // The next loops build the array A that simplifies
  // the model equations.
  // These array stores the values of the constructios in the following order
  // [AOpa[1:NConExt] AOpa[1:NConPar] AOpa[1: NConPar] AOpa[1: NConBou] AOpa[1: NSurBou]
  //  AOpa[1: NConExtWin] AOpa[1: NConExtWin] AGla[1: NConExtWin]]
  // since NWin=NConExtWin.

  // Solar transmissivity
  for i in 1:NOpa loop
    tau[i] = 0;
  end for;
  for i in 1:NWin loop
    tau[NOpa+i] = tauGla[i];
  end for;

  // Sum of surface areas
  AFlo = sum( (if isFlo[i] then A[i] else 0) for i in 1:NTot);

  // Coefficient that is used for non-floor areas.
  // The expression  max(1E-20, AFlo) is used to prevent a division by zero in case AFlo=0.
  // The situation for AFlo=0 is caught by the assert statement.
  k1 = sum( ( if isFlo[i] then (A[i] * (1-eps[i]-tau[i])) else 0)  for i in 1:NTot) / max(1E-20, AFlo);

  k2 = sum( ( if isFlo[i] then 0 else (A[i] * (eps[i]+tau[i])))  for i in 1:NTot);

  if ( k2 > 1E-10) then
    for i in 1:NTot loop
      if isFlo[i] then
         k[i] = (eps[i]+tau[i]) * A[i] / AFlo;
      else
         k[i] = k1/k2*(eps[i]+tau[i]) * A[i];
      end if;
     end for;
  else
        // This branch only happens if k2=0, i.e., there is no surface other than floors
    for i in 1:NTot loop
      if isFlo[i] then
        k[i] = A[i] / AFlo;
      else
        k[i] = 0;
      end if;
    end for;
  end if;

  // Test whether there is a floor inside this room
  assert( AFlo > 1E-10,
     "Error in parameters of the room model: The geometry is incorrect:\n" +
     "    The room model must have a construction that is a floor,\n" +
     "    and this construction must not have a window.\n" +
     "    The parameters for the room model are such that there is no such construction.\n" +
     "    Revise the model parameters.");
  // Test whether the distribution factors add up to one
  assert(abs(1-sum(k)) < 1E-5,
     "Program error: Sum of solar distribution factors in room is not equal to one. k=" + String(sum(k)));

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
equation 
  // Incoming radiation
  HTot = sum(JInConExtWin);
  // Radiation that is absorbed by the surfaces
  Q_flow = -k .* HTot;
  // Assign heat exchange to connectors
  for i in 1:NConExt loop
    Q_flow[i] = conExt[i].Q_flow;
  end for;
  for i in 1:NConPar loop
    Q_flow[i+NConExt]         = conPar_a[i].Q_flow;
    Q_flow[i+NConExt+NConPar] = conPar_b[i].Q_flow;
  end for;
  for i in 1:NConBou loop
    Q_flow[i+NConExt+2*NConPar] = conBou[i].Q_flow;
  end for;
  for i in 1:NSurBou loop
    Q_flow[i+NConExt+2*NConPar+NConBou] = conSurBou[i].Q_flow;
  end for;
  for i in 1:NConExtWin loop
    Q_flow[i+NConExt+2*NConPar+NConBou+NSurBou]            = conExtWin[i].Q_flow;
    Q_flow[i+NConExt+2*NConPar+NConBou+NSurBou+NConExtWin] = conExtWinFra[i].Q_flow;
  end for;
  // Windows
  for j in 1:NWin loop
    Q_flow[j+NOpa] = JOutConExtWin[j];
    HOutConExtWin[j] = if (AConExtWinGla[j] > 1E-10) then JOutConExtWin[j] / AConExtWinGla[j] else 0;
  end for;

end SolarRadiationExchange;

Buildings.Rooms.BaseClasses.PartialSurfaceInterface

Information

There are also parameters that contain the number of constructions, such as the number of exterior constructions nConExt. This parameter may take on the value 0. If this parameter were to be used to declare the size of vectors of component models, then there may be vectors with zero components. This can cause problems in Dymola 7.4. We therefore also introduced the parameter

  NConExt = max(1, nConExt)

There are also parameters that can be used to conditionally remove components, such as haveConExt, which is set to

  haveConExt = nConExt > 0;

Extends from Buildings.Rooms.BaseClasses.ConstructionRecords (Data records for construction data).

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
ParameterConstruction	datConExt[NConExt]		Data for exterior construction
ParameterConstructionWithWindow	datConExtWin[NConExtWin]		Data for exterior construction with window
ParameterConstruction	datConPar[NConPar]		Data for partition construction
ParameterConstruction	datConBou[NConBou]		Data for construction boundary
Generic	surBou[NSurBou]		Record for data of surfaces whose heat conduction is modeled outside of this room
Exterior constructions
Integer	nConExt		Number of exterior constructions
Integer	nConExtWin		Number of window constructions
Partition constructions
Integer	nConPar		Number of partition constructions
Boundary constructions
Integer	nConBou		Number of constructions that have their outside surface exposed to the boundary of this room
Integer	nSurBou		Number of surface heat transfer models that connect to constructions that are modeled outside of this room

Connectors

Type	Name	Description
HeatPort_a	conExt[NConExt]	Heat port that connects to room-side surface of exterior constructions
HeatPort_a	conExtWin[NConExtWin]	Heat port that connects to room-side surface of exterior constructions that contain a window
HeatPort_a	conExtWinFra[NConExtWin]	Heat port that connects to room-side surface of window frame
HeatPort_a	conPar_a[NConPar]	Heat port that connects to room-side surface a of partition constructions
HeatPort_a	conPar_b[NConPar]	Heat port that connects to room-side surface b of partition constructions
HeatPort_a	conBou[NConBou]	Heat port that connects to room-side surface of constructions that expose their other surface to the outside
HeatPort_a	conSurBou[NSurBou]	Heat port to surfaces of models that compute the heat conduction outside of this room

Modelica definition

partial model PartialSurfaceInterface 
  "Partial model that is used for infrared radiation balance"
  import Buildings;
  extends Buildings.Rooms.BaseClasses.ConstructionRecords;

  Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_a conExt[NConExt] 
    "Heat port that connects to room-side surface of exterior constructions";

  Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_a conExtWin[NConExtWin] 
    "Heat port that connects to room-side surface of exterior constructions that contain a window";
    

  Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_a conExtWinFra[NConExtWin] 
    "Heat port that connects to room-side surface of window frame";
  Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_a conPar_a[NConPar] 
    "Heat port that connects to room-side surface a of partition constructions";
  Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_a conPar_b[NConPar] 
    "Heat port that connects to room-side surface b of partition constructions";

  Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_a conBou[NConBou] 
    "Heat port that connects to room-side surface of constructions that expose their other surface to the outside";
  Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_a conSurBou[NSurBou] 
    "Heat port to surfaces of models that compute the heat conduction outside of this room";
    
protected 
  final parameter Modelica.SIunits.Area AConExt[NConExt] = datConExt.A 
    "Areas of exterior constructions";
  final parameter Modelica.SIunits.Area AConExtWinOpa[NConExtWin] = datConExtWin.AOpa 
    "Opaque areas of exterior construction that have a window";
  final parameter Modelica.SIunits.Area AConExtWinGla[NConExtWin] = (1 .- datConExtWin.fFra) .* datConExtWin.AWin 
    "Glass areas of exterior construction that have a window";
  final parameter Modelica.SIunits.Area AConExtWinFra[NConExtWin] = datConExtWin.fFra .* datConExtWin.AWin 
    "Frame areas of exterior construction that have a window";
  final parameter Modelica.SIunits.Area AConPar[NConPar] = datConPar.A 
    "Areas of partition constructions";
  final parameter Modelica.SIunits.Area AConBou[NConBou] = datConBou.A 
    "Areas of constructions with exterior boundary conditions exposed to outside of room model";
  final parameter Modelica.SIunits.Area ASurBou[NSurBou] = surBou.A 
    "Area of surface models of constructions that are modeled outside of this room";

  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Emissivity epsConExt[NConExt] = datConExt.layers.absIR_b 
    "Absorptivity of exterior constructions";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Emissivity epsConExtWinOpa[NConExtWin] = datConExtWin.layers.absIR_b 
    "Absorptivity of opaque part of exterior constructions that contain a window";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Emissivity epsConExtWinUns[NConExtWin]=
    {(datConExtWin[i].glaSys.glass[datConExtWin[i].glaSys.nLay].absIR_b) for i in 1:NConExtWin} 
    "Absorptivity of unshaded part of window constructions";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Emissivity epsConExtWinSha[NConExtWin] = datConExtWin.glaSys.shade.absIR_a 
    "Absorptivity of shaded part of window constructions";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Emissivity epsConExtWinFra[NConExtWin] = datConExtWin.glaSys.absIRFra 
    "Absorptivity of window frame";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Emissivity epsConPar_a[NConPar] = datConPar.layers.absIR_a 
    "Absorptivity of partition constructions surface a";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Emissivity epsConPar_b[NConPar] = datConPar.layers.absIR_b 
    "Absorptivity of partition constructions surface b";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Emissivity epsConBou[NConBou] = datConBou.layers.absIR_b 
    "Absorptivity of constructions with exterior boundary conditions exposed to outside of room model";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Emissivity epsSurBou[NSurBou] = surBou.absIR 
    "Absorptivity of surface models of constructions that are modeled outside of this room";
protected 
  function checkSurfaceAreas
    input Integer n "Number of surfaces";
    input Modelica.SIunits.Area A[:] "Surface areas";
    input String name "Name of the surface data record, used in error message";
  algorithm 
    if n == 0 then
      assert(Modelica.Math.Vectors.norm(v=A, p=1) < 1E-10,
      "Error in declaration of room model: Construction record '" +
      name +
      "' has the following areas: " +
      Modelica.Math.Vectors.toString(A) +
      "However, the room model is declared as having zero surfaces.
Check the parameters of the room model.");
    else
      for i in 1:n loop
        assert(A[i] > 0, "Error in declaration of room model: Construction record '" + name + "' has the following areas: " +
      Modelica.Math.Vectors.toString(A) +
      "However, the surface areas must be bigger than zero.
Check the parameters of the room model.");
      end for;
    end if;
  end checkSurfaceAreas;
initial algorithm 
  checkSurfaceAreas(nConExt,    datConExt.A,       "datConExt");
  checkSurfaceAreas(nConExtWin, datConExtWin.AWin, "datConExtWin");
  checkSurfaceAreas(nConPar,    datConPar.A,       "datConPar");
  checkSurfaceAreas(nConBou,    datConBou.A,       "datConBou");
  checkSurfaceAreas(nSurBou,    surBou.A,          "surBou");
end PartialSurfaceInterface;

Buildings.Rooms.BaseClasses.SkyRadiationExchange

Information

Extends from Buildings.BaseClasses.BaseIcon (Base icon).

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
Integer	n		Number of constructions
Area	A[n]		Area of exterior constructions [m2]
Real	vieFacSky[n]		View factor to sky (=1 for roofs)
Emissivity	absIR[n]		Infrared absorptivity of building surface [1]

Connectors

Type	Name	Description
HeatPort_a	port[n]	Heat port
input RealInput	TOut	Outside air temperature [K]
input RealInput	TBlaSky	Black body sky temperature [K]

Modelica definition

model SkyRadiationExchange 
  "Radiative heat exchange with the sky and the ambient"
  import Buildings;
  extends Buildings.BaseClasses.BaseIcon;
  parameter Integer n(min=1) "Number of constructions";
   parameter Modelica.SIunits.Area A[n] "Area of exterior constructions";
  parameter Real vieFacSky[n](min=0, max=1) "View factor to sky (=1 for roofs)";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Emissivity absIR[n] 
    "Infrared absorptivity of building surface";
  Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_a port[n] "Heat port";
  Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput TOut(final quantity="ThermodynamicTemperature",
                                            final unit = "K", min=0) 
    "Outside air temperature";
  Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput TBlaSky(
    final quantity="ThermodynamicTemperature",
    final unit="K",
    min=0) "Black body sky temperature";
protected 
  parameter Real k[n](unit="W/K4") = {4*A[i]*Modelica.Constants.sigma*absIR[i] for i in 1:n} 
    "Constant for radiative heat exchange";
  Modelica.SIunits.Temperature TEnv[n] "Environment temperature";
  Real TBlaSky4(unit="K4") "Auxiliary variable for radiative heat exchange";
  Real TOut4(unit="K4") "Auxiliary variable for radiative heat exchange";
  Modelica.SIunits.CoefficientOfHeatTransfer h[n] 
    "Radiative heat transfer coefficient";

equation 
  TBlaSky4 = TBlaSky^4;
  TOut4 = TOut^4;
  for i in 1:n loop
    TEnv[i] = (vieFacSky[i] * TBlaSky4 + (1-vieFacSky[i]) * TOut4)^(0.25);
    // h[i] uses TEnv[i] instead of (port[i].T+TEnv[i])/2 to avoid
    // a nonlinear equation system
    h[i]  = k[i] * TEnv[i]^3;
    port[i].Q_flow = h[i] * (port[i].T-TEnv[i]);
  end for;
end SkyRadiationExchange;

Buildings.Rooms.BaseClasses.ConstructionNumbers

Information

Record that defines the number of constructions that are used in the room model.

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
Exterior constructions
Integer	nConExt		Number of exterior constructions
Integer	nConExtWin		Number of window constructions
Partition constructions
Integer	nConPar		Number of partition constructions
Boundary constructions
Integer	nConBou		Number of constructions that have their outside surface exposed to the boundary of this room
Integer	nSurBou		Number of surface heat transfer models that connect to constructions that are modeled outside of this room

Modelica definition

record ConstructionNumbers "Data records for construction data"

  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  // Number of constructions and surface areas
  parameter Integer nConExt(min=0) "Number of exterior constructions";
  parameter Integer nConExtWin(min=0) "Number of window constructions";

  parameter Integer nConPar(min=0) "Number of partition constructions";

  parameter Integer nConBou(min=0) 
    "Number of constructions that have their outside surface exposed to the boundary of this room";

  parameter Integer nSurBou(min=0) 
    "Number of surface heat transfer models that connect to constructions that are modeled outside of this room";

  // Dimensions of components and connectors
protected 
  parameter Integer NConExt(min=1)=max(1, nConExt) 
    "Number of elements for exterior constructions";

  parameter Integer NConExtWin(min=1)=max(1, nConExtWin) 
    "Number of elements for exterior constructions with windows";

  parameter Integer NConPar(min=1)=max(1, nConPar) 
    "Number of elements for partition constructions";

  parameter Integer NConBou(min=1)=max(1, nConBou) 
    "Number of elements for constructions that have their outside surface exposed to the boundary of this room";

  parameter Integer NSurBou(min=1)=max(1, nSurBou) 
    "Number of elements for surface heat transfer models that connect to constructions that are modeled outside of this room";

  // Flags to conditionally remove components
  final parameter Boolean haveConExt = nConExt > 0 
    "Flag to conditionally remove components";
  final parameter Boolean haveConExtWin = nConExtWin > 0 
    "Flag to conditionally remove components";
  final parameter Boolean haveConPar = nConPar > 0 
    "Flag to conditionally remove components";
  final parameter Boolean haveConBou = nConBou > 0 
    "Flag to conditionally remove components";
  final parameter Boolean haveSurBou = nSurBou > 0 
    "Flag to conditionally remove components";

end ConstructionNumbers;

Buildings.Rooms.BaseClasses.ConstructionRecords

Information

Record that defines the number of constructions that are used in the room model.

Extends from Buildings.Rooms.BaseClasses.ConstructionNumbers (Data records for construction data).

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
ParameterConstruction	datConExt[NConExt]		Data for exterior construction
ParameterConstructionWithWindow	datConExtWin[NConExtWin]		Data for exterior construction with window
ParameterConstruction	datConPar[NConPar]		Data for partition construction
ParameterConstruction	datConBou[NConBou]		Data for construction boundary
Generic	surBou[NSurBou]		Record for data of surfaces whose heat conduction is modeled outside of this room
Exterior constructions
Integer	nConExt		Number of exterior constructions
Integer	nConExtWin		Number of window constructions
Partition constructions
Integer	nConPar		Number of partition constructions
Boundary constructions
Integer	nConBou		Number of constructions that have their outside surface exposed to the boundary of this room
Integer	nSurBou		Number of surface heat transfer models that connect to constructions that are modeled outside of this room

Modelica definition

record ConstructionRecords "Data records for construction data"
  extends Buildings.Rooms.BaseClasses.ConstructionNumbers;

  parameter ParameterConstruction datConExt[NConExt](
    each A=0,
    redeclare Buildings.HeatTransfer.Data.OpaqueConstructions.Brick120 layers,
    each til=0,
    each azi=0) "Data for exterior construction";
  parameter Buildings.Rooms.BaseClasses.ParameterConstructionWithWindow
    datConExtWin[NConExtWin](
    each A=0,
    redeclare Buildings.HeatTransfer.Data.OpaqueConstructions.Brick120 layers,
    each til=0,
    each azi=0,
    each hWin=0,
    each wWin=0,
    redeclare Buildings.HeatTransfer.Data.GlazingSystems.SingleClear3 glaSys) 
    "Data for exterior construction with window";
  parameter Buildings.Rooms.BaseClasses.ParameterConstruction datConPar[
              NConPar](
    each A=0,
    redeclare Buildings.HeatTransfer.Data.OpaqueConstructions.Brick120 layers,
    each til=0,
    each azi=0) "Data for partition construction";
  parameter Buildings.Rooms.BaseClasses.ParameterConstruction datConBou[NConBou](
    each A=0,
    redeclare Buildings.HeatTransfer.Data.OpaqueConstructions.Brick120 layers,
    each til=0,
    each azi=0) "Data for construction boundary";
  parameter Buildings.HeatTransfer.Data.OpaqueSurfaces.Generic surBou[
                                    NSurBou](each A=0, each til=0) 
    "Record for data of surfaces whose heat conduction is modeled outside of this room";


end ConstructionRecords;

Buildings.Rooms.BaseClasses.Overhang

Information

This record declares parameters for window overhangs.

See Buildings.HeatTransfer.Windows.Overhang for an explanation of the parameters, and for the assumptions and limitations of the overhang model.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Record (Icon for records).

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
Overhang
Length	wL		Overhang width left to the window, measured from the window corner [m]
Length	wR		Overhang width right to the window, measured from the window corner [m]
Length	dep		Overhang depth (measured perpendicular to the wall plane) [m]
Length	gap		Distance between window upper edge and overhang lower edge [m]

Modelica definition

record Overhang "Record for window overhang"
  extends Modelica.Icons.Record;

  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Length wL(min=0) 
    "Overhang width left to the window, measured from the window corner";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Length wR(min=0) 
    "Overhang width right to the window, measured from the window corner";

  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Length dep(min=0) 
    "Overhang depth (measured perpendicular to the wall plane)";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Length gap(min=0) 
    "Distance between window upper edge and overhang lower edge";

  final parameter Boolean haveOverhang= dep > Modelica.Constants.eps 
    "Flag, true if the window has an overhang";


end Overhang;

Buildings.Rooms.BaseClasses.ParameterConstructionWithWindow

Information

This data record is used to set the parameters of constructions that do have a window.

The surface azimuth is defined in Buildings.HeatTransfer.Types.Azimuth and the surface tilt is defined in Buildings.HeatTransfer.Types.Tilt

Extends from Buildings.Rooms.BaseClasses.PartialParameterConstruction (Partial record for constructions).

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
Angle	til		Surface tilt [rad]
Angle	azi		Surface azimuth [rad]
Area	A		Heat transfer area of opaque construction and window combined [m2]
Opaque construction
Generic	layers	redeclare parameter Building...	Material properties of opaque construction
Initialization
Boolean	steadyStateInitial	false	=true initializes dT(0)/dt=0, false initializes T(0) at fixed temperature using T_a_start and T_b_start
Temperature	T_a_start	293.15	Initial temperature at port_a, used if steadyStateInitial = false [K]
Temperature	T_b_start	293.15	Initial temperature at port_b, used if steadyStateInitial = false [K]
Glazing system
Length	hWin		Window height [m]
Length	wWin		Window width [m]
Real	fFra	0.1	Fraction of window frame divided by total window area
Overhang	ove	redeclare parameter Building...	Geometry of overhang
SideFins	sidFin	redeclare parameter Building...	Geometry of side fins
Generic	glaSys	redeclare parameter HeatTran...	Material properties of glazing system

Modelica definition

record ParameterConstructionWithWindow 
  "Record for exterior constructions that have a window"
  extends Buildings.Rooms.BaseClasses.PartialParameterConstruction;

  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Area A 
    "Heat transfer area of opaque construction and window combined";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Length hWin "Window height";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Length wWin "Window width";
  final parameter Modelica.SIunits.Area AWin=hWin*wWin 
    "Heat transfer area of window";

  final parameter Modelica.SIunits.Area AOpa = A-AWin 
    "Heat transfer area of opaque construction";

  parameter Real fFra(
    final min=0,
    final max=1) = 0.1 "Fraction of window frame divided by total window area";

 replaceable parameter Buildings.Rooms.BaseClasses.Overhang ove(
    wR=0,
    wL=0,
    dep=0,
    gap=0) "Geometry of overhang";
 replaceable parameter Buildings.Rooms.BaseClasses.SideFins sidFin(h=0, dep=0, gap=0) 
    "Geometry of side fins";

  final parameter Modelica.SIunits.Area AFra = fFra*AWin "Frame area";
  final parameter Modelica.SIunits.Area AGla=AWin - AFra "Glass area";

 replaceable parameter HeatTransfer.Data.GlazingSystems.Generic glaSys 
    "Material properties of glazing system";

end ParameterConstructionWithWindow;

Buildings.Rooms.BaseClasses.ParameterConstruction

Information

This data record is used to set the parameters of constructions that do not have a window.

The surface azimuth is defined in Buildings.HeatTransfer.Types.Azimuth and the surface tilt is defined in Buildings.HeatTransfer.Types.Tilt

Extends from Buildings.Rooms.BaseClasses.PartialParameterConstruction (Partial record for constructions).

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
Angle	til		Surface tilt [rad]
Angle	azi		Surface azimuth [rad]
Area	A		Heat transfer area [m2]
Opaque construction
Generic	layers	redeclare parameter Building...	Material properties of opaque construction
Initialization
Boolean	steadyStateInitial	false	=true initializes dT(0)/dt=0, false initializes T(0) at fixed temperature using T_a_start and T_b_start
Temperature	T_a_start	293.15	Initial temperature at port_a, used if steadyStateInitial = false [K]
Temperature	T_b_start	293.15	Initial temperature at port_b, used if steadyStateInitial = false [K]

Modelica definition

record ParameterConstruction 
  "Record for exterior constructions that have no window"
  extends Buildings.Rooms.BaseClasses.PartialParameterConstruction;
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Area A "Heat transfer area";


end ParameterConstruction;

Buildings.Rooms.BaseClasses.PartialParameterConstruction

Information

This data record is used to set the parameters of constructions that do not have a window.

The surface azimuth is defined in Buildings.HeatTransfer.Types.Azimuth and the surface tilt is defined in Buildings.HeatTransfer.Types.Tilt

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Record (Icon for records).

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
Angle	til		Surface tilt [rad]
Angle	azi		Surface azimuth [rad]
Opaque construction
Generic	layers	redeclare parameter Building...	Material properties of opaque construction
Initialization
Boolean	steadyStateInitial	false	=true initializes dT(0)/dt=0, false initializes T(0) at fixed temperature using T_a_start and T_b_start
Temperature	T_a_start	293.15	Initial temperature at port_a, used if steadyStateInitial = false [K]
Temperature	T_b_start	293.15	Initial temperature at port_b, used if steadyStateInitial = false [K]

Modelica definition

record PartialParameterConstruction 
  "Partial record for constructions"
  extends Modelica.Icons.Record;
  replaceable parameter Buildings.HeatTransfer.Data.OpaqueConstructions.Generic
    layers "Material properties of opaque construction";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Angle til "Surface tilt";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Angle azi "Surface azimuth";
  final parameter Boolean isFloor=til > 2.74889125 and til < 3.53428875 
    "Flag, true if construction is a floor";
  final parameter Boolean isCeiling=til > -0.392699 and til < 0.392699 
    "Flag, true if construction is a floor";
  final parameter Integer nLay(min=1, fixed=true) = layers.nLay 
    "Number of layers";
  final parameter Integer nSta[nLay](min=1)={layers.material[i].nSta for i in 1:nLay} 
    "Number of states";
  parameter Boolean steadyStateInitial=false 
    "=true initializes dT(0)/dt=0, false initializes T(0) at fixed temperature using T_a_start and T_b_start";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Temperature T_a_start=293.15 
    "Initial temperature at port_a, used if steadyStateInitial = false";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Temperature T_b_start=293.15 
    "Initial temperature at port_b, used if steadyStateInitial = false";


end PartialParameterConstruction;

Buildings.Rooms.BaseClasses.SideFins

Information

This record declares parameters for window side fins.

See Buildings.HeatTransfer.Windows.SideFins for an explanation of the parameters, and for the assumptions and limitations of the model for side fins.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Record (Icon for records).

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
Side fin
Length	h		Height of side fin that extends above window, measured from top of window [m]
Length	dep		Side fin depth (measured perpendicular to the wall plane) [m]
Length	gap		Distance between side fin and window edge [m]

Modelica definition

record SideFins "Record for window side fins"
  extends Modelica.Icons.Record;

  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Length h(min=0) 
    "Height of side fin that extends above window, measured from top of window";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Length dep(min=0) 
    "Side fin depth (measured perpendicular to the wall plane)";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Length gap(min=0) 
    "Distance between side fin and window edge";

  final parameter Boolean haveSideFins= dep > Modelica.Constants.eps 
    "Flag, true if the window has side fins";


end SideFins;