This model calculates medium properties for water in the liquid, gas and two phase regions according to the IAPWS/IF97 standard, i.e., the accepted industrial standard and best compromise between accuracy and computation time. For more details see Modelica.Media.Water.IF97_Utilities. Three variable pairs can be the independent variables of the model:
The following quantities are always computed:
| Variable | Unit | Description |
| T | K | temperature |
| u | J/kg | specific internal energy |
| d | kg/m^3 | density |
| p | Pa | pressure |
| h | J/kg | specific enthalpy |
In some cases additional medium properties are needed. A component that needs these optional properties has to call one of the functions listed in Modelica.Media.UsersGuide.MediumUsage.OptionalProperties and in Modelica.Media.UsersGuide.MediumUsage.TwoPhase.
Many further properties can be computed. Using the well-known Bridgman's Tables, all first partial derivatives of the standard thermodynamic variables can be computed easily.
Extends from Interfaces.PartialTwoPhaseMedium (Base class for two phase medium of one substance).| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| Thermodynamic state | |
| ph_explicit | True if explicit in pressure and specific enthalpy |
| dT_explicit | True if explicit in density and temperature |
| pT_explicit | True if explicit in pressure and temperature |
| Base properties of water | |
| Computes density as a function of pressure and specific enthalpy | |
| Computes temperature as a function of pressure and specific enthalpy | |
| Compute temperature from pressure and specific enthalpy | |
| Computes density as a function of pressure and specific enthalpy | |
| Computes pressure as a function of density and temperature | |
| Computes specific enthalpy as a function of density and temperature | |
| Computes specific enthalpy as a function of pressure and temperature | |
| Computes specific enthalpy as a function of pressure and temperature | |
| Computes density as a function of pressure and temperature | |
| Set the thermodynamic state on the dew line | |
| Set the thermodynamic state on the bubble line | |
| Dynamic viscosity of water | |
| Thermal conductivity of water | |
| Surface tension in two phase region of water | |
| Return pressure of ideal gas | |
| Return temperature of ideal gas | |
| Return density of ideal gas | |
| Return specific enthalpy | |
| Return specific internal energy | |
| Return specific Gibbs energy | |
| Return specific Helmholtz energy | |
| Specific entropy of water | |
| Specific heat capacity at constant pressure of water | |
| Specific heat capacity at constant volume of water | |
| Return isentropic exponent | |
| Isothermal compressibility of water | |
| Isobaric expansion coefficient of water | |
| Return velocity of sound as a function of the thermodynamic state record | |
| Compute h(p,s) | |
| Density derivative by specific enthalpy | |
| Density derivative by pressure | |
| Boiling curve specific enthalpy of water | |
| Dew curve specific enthalpy of water | |
| Boiling curve specific entropy of water | |
| Dew curve specific entropy of water | |
| Boiling curve specific density of water | |
| Dew curve specific density of water | |
| Saturation temperature of water | |
| Derivative of saturation temperature w.r.t. pressure | |
| Saturation pressure of water | |
| Bubble point density derivative | |
| Dew point density derivative | |
| Bubble point specific enthalpy derivative | |
| Dew point specific enthalpy derivative | |
| Return thermodynamic state of water as function of d and T | |
| Return thermodynamic state of water as function of p and h | |
| Return thermodynamic state of water as function of p and s | |
| Return thermodynamic state of water as function of p and T | |
| Return thermodynamic state so that it smoothly approximates: if x > 0 then state_a else state_b | |
| Inherited | |
| smoothModel=false | True if the (derived) model should not generate state events |
| onePhase=false | True if the (derived) model should never be called with two-phase inputs |
| fluidConstants | Constant data for the fluid |
| Return saturation property record from temperature | |
| Return saturation property record from pressure | |
| Return saturation temperature | |
| Return saturation temperature | |
| Return derivative of saturation temperature w.r.t. pressure | |
| Return the molar mass of the medium | |
| Return specific enthalpy from pressure, temperature and mass fraction | |
| Return temperature from p, h, and X or Xi | |
| Return density from p, h, and X or Xi | |
| Return temperature from p, s, and X or Xi | |
| Return density from p, s, and X or Xi | |
| Return specific enthalpy from p, s, and X or Xi | |
| Return thermodynamic state from p and T | |
| Return thermodynamic state from p and h | |
| Return thermodynamic state from p and s | |
| Return thermodynamic state from d and T | |
| Return thermodynamic state from pressure and vapour quality | |
| Return thermodynamic state from temperature and vapour quality | |
| Return vapour quality | |
| ThermoStates | Enumeration type for independent variables |
| mediumName="unusablePartialMedium" | Name of the medium |
| substanceNames={mediumName} | Names of the mixture substances. Set substanceNames={mediumName} if only one substance. |
| extraPropertiesNames=fill("", 0) | Names of the additional (extra) transported properties. Set extraPropertiesNames=fill("",0) if unused |
| singleState | = true, if u and d are not a function of pressure |
| reducedX=true | = true if medium contains the equation sum(X) = 1.0; set reducedX=true if only one substance (see docu for details) |
| fixedX=false | = true if medium contains the equation X = reference_X |
| reference_p=101325 | Reference pressure of Medium: default 1 atmosphere |
| reference_T=298.15 | Reference temperature of Medium: default 25 deg Celsius |
| reference_X=fill(1/nX, nX) | Default mass fractions of medium |
| p_default=101325 | Default value for pressure of medium (for initialization) |
| T_default=Modelica.SIunits.Conversions.from_degC(20) | Default value for temperature of medium (for initialization) |
| h_default=specificEnthalpy_pTX(p_default, T_default, X_default) | Default value for specific enthalpy of medium (for initialization) |
| X_default=reference_X | Default value for mass fractions of medium (for initialization) |
| nS=size(substanceNames, 1) | Number of substances |
| nX=nS | Number of mass fractions |
| nXi=if fixedX then 0 else if reducedX then nS - 1 else nS | Number of structurally independent mass fractions (see docu for details) |
| nC=size(extraPropertiesNames, 1) | Number of extra (outside of standard mass-balance) transported properties |
| C_nominal=1.0e-6*ones(nC) | Default for the nominal values for the extra properties |
| Critical, triple, molecular and other standard data of fluid | |
| Return the Prandtl number | |
| Alias for deprecated name | |
| Alias for deprecated name | |
| Alias for isobaricExpansionCoefficient for user convenience | |
| Alias of isothermalCompressibility for user convenience | |
| Return density derivative w.r.t. pressure at const temperature | |
| Return density derivative w.r.t. temperature at constant pressure | |
| Return density derivative w.r.t. mass fraction | |
| Return specific enthalpy from p, T, and X or Xi | |
| Return density from p, T, and X or Xi | |
| MassFlowRate | Type for mass flow rate with medium specific attributes |
| AbsolutePressure | Type for absolute pressure with medium specific attributes |
| Density | Type for density with medium specific attributes |
| DynamicViscosity | Type for dynamic viscosity with medium specific attributes |
| EnthalpyFlowRate | Type for enthalpy flow rate with medium specific attributes |
| MassFraction | Type for mass fraction with medium specific attributes |
| MoleFraction | Type for mole fraction with medium specific attributes |
| MolarMass | Type for molar mass with medium specific attributes |
| MolarVolume | Type for molar volume with medium specific attributes |
| IsentropicExponent | Type for isentropic exponent with medium specific attributes |
| SpecificEnergy | Type for specific energy with medium specific attributes |
| SpecificInternalEnergy | Type for specific internal energy with medium specific attributes |
| SpecificEnthalpy | Type for specific enthalpy with medium specific attributes |
| SpecificEntropy | Type for specific entropy with medium specific attributes |
| SpecificHeatCapacity | Type for specific heat capacity with medium specific attributes |
| SurfaceTension | Type for surface tension with medium specific attributes |
| Temperature | Type for temperature with medium specific attributes |
| ThermalConductivity | Type for thermal conductivity with medium specific attributes |
| PrandtlNumber | Type for Prandtl number with medium specific attributes |
| VelocityOfSound | Type for velocity of sound with medium specific attributes |
| ExtraProperty | Type for unspecified, mass-specific property transported by flow |
| CumulativeExtraProperty | Type for conserved integral of unspecified, mass specific property |
| ExtraPropertyFlowRate | Type for flow rate of unspecified, mass-specific property |
| IsobaricExpansionCoefficient | Type for isobaric expansion coefficient with medium specific attributes |
| DipoleMoment | Type for dipole moment with medium specific attributes |
| DerDensityByPressure | Type for partial derivative of density with respect to pressure with medium specific attributes |
| DerDensityByEnthalpy | Type for partial derivative of density with respect to enthalpy with medium specific attributes |
| DerEnthalpyByPressure | Type for partial derivative of enthalpy with respect to pressure with medium specific attributes |
| DerDensityByTemperature | Type for partial derivative of density with respect to temperature with medium specific attributes |
| DerTemperatureByPressure | Type for partial derivative of temperature with respect to pressure with medium specific attributes |
| Saturation properties of two phase medium | |
| Validity limits for fluid model | |
| FixedPhase | Phase of the fluid: 1 for 1-phase, 2 for two-phase, 0 for not known, e.g., interactive use |
| The most basic version of a record used in several degrees of detail | |
| The ideal gas version of a record used in several degrees of detail | |
| The two phase fluid version of a record used in several degrees of detail | |
Modelica.Media.Water.WaterIF97_base.ThermodynamicState
Modelica.Media.Water.WaterIF97_base.BaseProperties
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| Advanced | |
| preferredMediumStates | = true if StateSelect.prefer shall be used for the independent property variables of the medium |
Modelica.Media.Water.WaterIF97_base.density_ph
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| p | Pressure [Pa] |
| h | Specific enthalpy [J/kg] |
| phase | 2 for two-phase, 1 for one-phase, 0 if not known |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| d | Density [kg/m3] |
Modelica.Media.Water.WaterIF97_base.temperature_ph
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| p | Pressure [Pa] |
| h | Specific enthalpy [J/kg] |
| phase | 2 for two-phase, 1 for one-phase, 0 if not known |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| T | Temperature [K] |
Modelica.Media.Water.WaterIF97_base.temperature_ps
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| p | Pressure [Pa] |
| s | Specific entropy [J/(kg.K)] |
| phase | 2 for two-phase, 1 for one-phase, 0 if not known |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| T | Temperature [K] |
Modelica.Media.Water.WaterIF97_base.density_ps
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| p | Pressure [Pa] |
| s | Specific entropy [J/(kg.K)] |
| phase | 2 for two-phase, 1 for one-phase, 0 if not known |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| d | Density [kg/m3] |
Modelica.Media.Water.WaterIF97_base.pressure_dT
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| d | Density [kg/m3] |
| T | Temperature [K] |
| phase | 2 for two-phase, 1 for one-phase, 0 if not known |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| p | Pressure [Pa] |
Modelica.Media.Water.WaterIF97_base.specificEnthalpy_dT
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| d | Density [kg/m3] |
| T | Temperature [K] |
| phase | 2 for two-phase, 1 for one-phase, 0 if not known |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| h | Specific enthalpy [J/kg] |
Modelica.Media.Water.WaterIF97_base.specificEnthalpy_pT
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| p | Pressure [Pa] |
| T | Temperature [K] |
| phase | 2 for two-phase, 1 for one-phase, 0 if not known |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| h | Specific enthalpy [J/kg] |
Modelica.Media.Water.WaterIF97_base.specificEnthalpy_ps
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| p | Pressure [Pa] |
| s | Specific entropy [J/(kg.K)] |
| phase | 2 for two-phase, 1 for one-phase, 0 if not known |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| h | Specific enthalpy [J/kg] |
Modelica.Media.Water.WaterIF97_base.density_pT
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| p | Pressure [Pa] |
| T | Temperature [K] |
| phase | 2 for two-phase, 1 for one-phase, 0 if not known |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| d | Density [kg/m3] |
Modelica.Media.Water.WaterIF97_base.setDewState
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| sat | Saturation point |
| phase | Phase: default is one phase |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| state | Complete thermodynamic state info |
Modelica.Media.Water.WaterIF97_base.setBubbleState
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| sat | Saturation point |
| phase | Phase: default is one phase |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| state | Complete thermodynamic state info |
Modelica.Media.Water.WaterIF97_base.dynamicViscosity
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| state | Thermodynamic state record |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| eta | Dynamic viscosity [Pa.s] |
Modelica.Media.Water.WaterIF97_base.thermalConductivity
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| state | Thermodynamic state record |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| lambda | Thermal conductivity [W/(m.K)] |
Modelica.Media.Water.WaterIF97_base.surfaceTension
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| sat | Saturation property record |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| sigma | Surface tension sigma in the two phase region [N/m] |
Modelica.Media.Water.WaterIF97_base.pressure
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| state | Thermodynamic state record |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| p | Pressure [Pa] |
Modelica.Media.Water.WaterIF97_base.temperature
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| state | Thermodynamic state record |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| T | Temperature [K] |
Modelica.Media.Water.WaterIF97_base.density
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| state | Thermodynamic state record |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| d | Density [kg/m3] |
Modelica.Media.Water.WaterIF97_base.specificEnthalpy
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| state | Thermodynamic state record |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| h | Specific enthalpy [J/kg] |
Modelica.Media.Water.WaterIF97_base.specificInternalEnergy
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| state | Thermodynamic state record |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| u | Specific internal energy [J/kg] |
Modelica.Media.Water.WaterIF97_base.specificGibbsEnergy
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| state | Thermodynamic state record |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| g | Specific Gibbs energy [J/kg] |
Modelica.Media.Water.WaterIF97_base.specificHelmholtzEnergy
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| state | Thermodynamic state record |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| f | Specific Helmholtz energy [J/kg] |
Modelica.Media.Water.WaterIF97_base.specificEntropy
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| state | Thermodynamic state record |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| s | Specific entropy [J/(kg.K)] |
Modelica.Media.Water.WaterIF97_base.specificHeatCapacityCpIn the two phase region this function returns the interpolated heat capacity between the liquid and vapour state heat capacities.
Extends from (Return specific heat capacity at constant pressure).
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| state | Thermodynamic state record |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| cp | Specific heat capacity at constant pressure [J/(kg.K)] |
Modelica.Media.Water.WaterIF97_base.specificHeatCapacityCv
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| state | Thermodynamic state record |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| cv | Specific heat capacity at constant volume [J/(kg.K)] |
Modelica.Media.Water.WaterIF97_base.isentropicExponent
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| state | Thermodynamic state record |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| gamma | Isentropic exponent [1] |
Modelica.Media.Water.WaterIF97_base.isothermalCompressibility
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| state | Thermodynamic state record |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| kappa | Isothermal compressibility [1/Pa] |
Modelica.Media.Water.WaterIF97_base.isobaricExpansionCoefficient
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| state | Thermodynamic state record |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| beta | Isobaric expansion coefficient [1/K] |
Modelica.Media.Water.WaterIF97_base.velocityOfSound
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| state | Thermodynamic state record |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| a | Velocity of sound [m/s] |
Modelica.Media.Water.WaterIF97_base.isentropicEnthalpy
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| p_downstream | Downstream pressure [Pa] |
| refState | Reference state for entropy |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| h_is | Isentropic enthalpy [J/kg] |
Modelica.Media.Water.WaterIF97_base.density_derh_p
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| state | Thermodynamic state record |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| ddhp | Density derivative w.r.t. specific enthalpy [kg.s2/m5] |
Modelica.Media.Water.WaterIF97_base.density_derp_h
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| state | Thermodynamic state record |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| ddph | Density derivative w.r.t. pressure [s2/m2] |
Modelica.Media.Water.WaterIF97_base.bubbleEnthalpy
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| sat | Saturation property record |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| hl | Boiling curve specific enthalpy [J/kg] |
Modelica.Media.Water.WaterIF97_base.dewEnthalpy
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| sat | Saturation property record |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| hv | Dew curve specific enthalpy [J/kg] |
Modelica.Media.Water.WaterIF97_base.bubbleEntropy
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| sat | Saturation property record |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| sl | Boiling curve specific entropy [J/(kg.K)] |
Modelica.Media.Water.WaterIF97_base.dewEntropy
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| sat | Saturation property record |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| sv | Dew curve specific entropy [J/(kg.K)] |
Modelica.Media.Water.WaterIF97_base.bubbleDensity
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| sat | Saturation property record |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| dl | Boiling curve density [kg/m3] |
Modelica.Media.Water.WaterIF97_base.dewDensity
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| sat | Saturation property record |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| dv | Dew curve density [kg/m3] |
Modelica.Media.Water.WaterIF97_base.saturationTemperature
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| p | Pressure [Pa] |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| T | Saturation temperature [K] |
Modelica.Media.Water.WaterIF97_base.saturationTemperature_derp
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| p | Pressure [Pa] |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| dTp | Derivative of saturation temperature w.r.t. pressure [K/Pa] |
Modelica.Media.Water.WaterIF97_base.saturationPressure
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| T | Temperature [K] |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| p | Saturation pressure [Pa] |
Modelica.Media.Water.WaterIF97_base.dBubbleDensity_dPressure
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| sat | Saturation property record |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| ddldp | Boiling curve density derivative [s2/m2] |
Modelica.Media.Water.WaterIF97_base.dDewDensity_dPressure
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| sat | Saturation property record |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| ddvdp | Saturated steam density derivative [s2/m2] |
Modelica.Media.Water.WaterIF97_base.dBubbleEnthalpy_dPressure
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| sat | Saturation property record |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| dhldp | Boiling curve specific enthalpy derivative [J.m.s2/kg2] |
Modelica.Media.Water.WaterIF97_base.dDewEnthalpy_dPressure
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| sat | Saturation property record |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| dhvdp | Saturated steam specific enthalpy derivative [J.m.s2/kg2] |
Modelica.Media.Water.WaterIF97_base.setState_dTX
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| phase | 2 for two-phase, 1 for one-phase, 0 if not known |
| d | Density [kg/m3] |
| T | Temperature [K] |
| X[:] | Mass fractions [kg/kg] |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| state | Thermodynamic state record |
Modelica.Media.Water.WaterIF97_base.setState_phX
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| phase | 2 for two-phase, 1 for one-phase, 0 if not known |
| p | Pressure [Pa] |
| h | Specific enthalpy [J/kg] |
| X[:] | Mass fractions [kg/kg] |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| state | Thermodynamic state record |
Modelica.Media.Water.WaterIF97_base.setState_psX
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| phase | 2 for two-phase, 1 for one-phase, 0 if not known |
| p | Pressure [Pa] |
| s | Specific entropy [J/(kg.K)] |
| X[:] | Mass fractions [kg/kg] |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| state | Thermodynamic state record |
Modelica.Media.Water.WaterIF97_base.setState_pTX
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| phase | 2 for two-phase, 1 for one-phase, 0 if not known |
| p | Pressure [Pa] |
| T | Temperature [K] |
| X[:] | Mass fractions [kg/kg] |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| state | Thermodynamic state record |
Modelica.Media.Water.WaterIF97_base.setSmoothState
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| x | m_flow or dp |
| state_a | Thermodynamic state if x > 0 |
| state_b | Thermodynamic state if x < 0 |
| x_small | Smooth transition in the region -x_small < x < x_small |
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| state | Smooth thermodynamic state for all x (continuous and differentiable) |