Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation

Collection of validation models

Information

This package contains validation models for the classes in Buildings.Fluid.Movers.

Note that most validation models contain simple input data which may not be realistic, but for which the correct output can be obtained through an analytic solution. The examples plot various outputs, which have been verified against these solutions. These model outputs are stored as reference data and used for continuous validation whenever models in the library change.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.ExamplesPackage (Icon for packages containing runnable examples).

Package Content

Name	Description
ControlledFlowMachine	Fans with different control signals as input
ControlledFlowMachineDynamic	Fans with different control signals as input and a dynamic speed signal
FlowControlled_dp	Fan with zero mass flow rate and head as input
FlowControlled_dpSystem	Demonstration of the use of prescribedPressure
FlowControlled_m_flow	Fan with zero mass flow rate and mass flow rate as input
PowerExact	Power calculation comparison among three mover types, using exact power computation for m_flow and dp
PowerSimplified	Power calculation comparison among three mover types, using simplified power computation for m_flow and dp
PumpCurveConstruction	Validation model that tests that the pump curve is properly extrapolated to V=0 and dp=0
PumpCurveDerivatives	Check for monotoneously increasing pump curve relations between Nrpm, dp and m_flow
Pump_Nrpm_stratos	Model validation using a Wilo Stratos 80/1-12 pump
Pump_stratos	Stratos pumps with speed as input
SpeedControlled_Nrpm	Fan with zero mass flow rate and speed as input
SpeedControlled_y	Fan with zero mass flow rate and control signal y as input
SpeedControlled_y_linear	Pump with linear characteristic for pressure vs. flow rate
BaseClasses	Package with base classes for Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.ControlledFlowMachine

Fans with different control signals as input

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.ControlledFlowMachine

Information

This example demonstrates the use of the flow model with four different configurations. At steady-state, all flow models have the same mass flow rate and pressure difference. Note that addPowerToMedium=false since otherwise, Dymola computes the enthalpy change of the component as a fraction (k*m_flow+P_internal)/m_flow which leads to an error because of 0/0 at zero flow rate.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples), Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.BaseClasses.ControlledFlowMachine.

Modelica definition

model ControlledFlowMachine "Fans with different control signals as input" extends Modelica.Icons.Example; extends Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.BaseClasses.ControlledFlowMachine( fan4(addPowerToMedium=false, use_inputFilter=false, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.FixedInitial), fan1(addPowerToMedium=false, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.FixedInitial), fan2(addPowerToMedium=false, use_inputFilter=false, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.FixedInitial), fan3(addPowerToMedium=false, use_inputFilter=false, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.FixedInitial)); end ControlledFlowMachine;

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.ControlledFlowMachineDynamic

Fans with different control signals as input and a dynamic speed signal

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.ControlledFlowMachineDynamic

Information

This example demonstrates the use of the flow model with four different configurations. At steady-state, all flow models have the same mass flow rate and pressure difference.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples), Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.BaseClasses.ControlledFlowMachine.

Modelica definition

model ControlledFlowMachineDynamic "Fans with different control signals as input and a dynamic speed signal" extends Modelica.Icons.Example; extends Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.BaseClasses.ControlledFlowMachine( fan4(energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.FixedInitial), fan1(energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.FixedInitial), fan2(energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.FixedInitial), fan3(energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.FixedInitial)); end ControlledFlowMachineDynamic;

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.FlowControlled_dp

Fan with zero mass flow rate and head as input

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.FlowControlled_dp

Information

This example demonstrates and tests the use of a flow machine whose mass flow rate is reduced to zero.

The fans have been configured as steady-state models. This ensures that the actual speed is equal to the input signal.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples), Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.BaseClasses.FlowMachine_ZeroFlow (Base class to test flow machines with zero flow rate).

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
replaceable package Medium		Air	Medium model
MassFlowRate	m_flow_nominal	1	Nominal mass flow rate [kg/s]
PressureDifference	dp_nominal	500	Nominal pressure difference [Pa]

Modelica definition

model FlowControlled_dp "Fan with zero mass flow rate and head as input" extends Modelica.Icons.Example; extends Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.BaseClasses.FlowMachine_ZeroFlow( gain(k=dp_nominal), redeclare Buildings.Fluid.Movers.FlowControlled_dp floMacSta( redeclare package Medium = Medium, m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal, use_inputFilter=false, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState), redeclare Buildings.Fluid.Movers.FlowControlled_dp floMacDyn( redeclare package Medium = Medium, m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal, use_inputFilter=false, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.FixedInitial)); equation connect(gain.y, floMacSta.dp_in); connect(gain.y, floMacDyn.dp_in); end FlowControlled_dp;

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.FlowControlled_dpSystem

Demonstration of the use of prescribedPressure

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.FlowControlled_dpSystem

Information

This example demonstrates and tests the use of Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.FlowControlled_dp movers that use parameter prescribeSystemPressure.

The mass flow rates and actual pressure heads of the two configurations are compared.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
MassFlowRate	m_flow_nominal	0.1	Nominal mass flow rate [kg/s]
PressureDifference	dp_nominal	100	Nominal pressure difference [Pa]

Modelica definition

model FlowControlled_dpSystem "Demonstration of the use of prescribedPressure" extends Modelica.Icons.Example; package Medium = Buildings.Media.Air; parameter Modelica.Units.SI.MassFlowRate m_flow_nominal=0.1 "Nominal mass flow rate"; parameter Modelica.Units.SI.PressureDifference dp_nominal=100 "Nominal pressure difference"; Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Ramp y( duration=0.5, startTime=0.25, height=-dp_nominal, offset=dp_nominal) "Input signal"; Sources.Boundary_pT sou( redeclare package Medium = Medium, nPorts=2) "Source"; Buildings.Fluid.Movers.FlowControlled_dp floConDp( redeclare package Medium = Medium, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState, allowFlowReversal=false, m_flow_nominal=1, use_inputFilter=false) "Regular dp controlled fan"; Buildings.Fluid.Movers.FlowControlled_dp floConDpSystem( redeclare package Medium = Medium, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState, allowFlowReversal=false, m_flow_nominal=1, use_inputFilter=false, prescribeSystemPressure=true) "Dp controlled fan that sets pressure difference at remote point in the system"; Buildings.Fluid.FixedResistances.PressureDrop heaCoi2( redeclare package Medium = Medium, m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal, dp_nominal=dp_nominal/2) "Heating coil pressure drop"; Sensors.RelativePressure senRelPre(redeclare package Medium = Medium) "Pressure difference across air system"; Sources.Boundary_pT sin( redeclare package Medium = Medium, nPorts=4) "Sink"; MixingVolumes.MixingVolume zone2( redeclare package Medium = Medium, V=50, m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal, nPorts=2, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.FixedInitial) "Mixing volume"; Buildings.Fluid.FixedResistances.PressureDrop heaCoi1( redeclare package Medium = Medium, m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal, dp_nominal=dp_nominal/2) "Heating coil pressure drop"; Actuators.Dampers.Exponential dam2( redeclare package Medium = Medium, from_dp=true, use_inputFilter=false, dpDamper_nominal=10, m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal/2) "Damper"; MixingVolumes.MixingVolume zone1( redeclare package Medium = Medium, V=50, m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal, nPorts=2, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.FixedInitial) "Mixing volume"; Actuators.Dampers.Exponential dam1( redeclare package Medium = Medium, from_dp=true, use_inputFilter=false, dpDamper_nominal=10, m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal/2) "Damper"; Actuators.Dampers.Exponential dam3( redeclare package Medium = Medium, from_dp=true, use_inputFilter=false, dpDamper_nominal=10, m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal/2) "Damper"; Actuators.Dampers.Exponential dam4( redeclare package Medium = Medium, from_dp=true, use_inputFilter=false, dpDamper_nominal=10, m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal/2) "Damper"; MixingVolumes.MixingVolume zone3( redeclare package Medium = Medium, V=50, m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal, nPorts=3, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.FixedInitial) "Mixing volume"; MixingVolumes.MixingVolume zone4( redeclare package Medium = Medium, V=50, m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal, nPorts=2, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.FixedInitial) "Mixing volume"; Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Ramp y1( duration=0.5, height=1, offset=0, startTime=0) "Input signal"; Buildings.Fluid.FixedResistances.PressureDrop duct3( redeclare package Medium = Medium, dp_nominal=dp_nominal/2, m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal/2) "Duct pressure drop"; Buildings.Fluid.FixedResistances.PressureDrop duct4( redeclare package Medium = Medium, dp_nominal=dp_nominal/2, m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal/2) "Duct pressure drop"; Buildings.Fluid.FixedResistances.PressureDrop duct1( redeclare package Medium = Medium, dp_nominal=dp_nominal/2, m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal/2) "Duct pressure drop"; Buildings.Fluid.FixedResistances.PressureDrop duct2( redeclare package Medium = Medium, dp_nominal=dp_nominal/2, m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal/2) "Duct pressure drop"; equation connect(y.y, floConDp.dp_in); connect(y.y, floConDpSystem.dp_in); connect(zone2.ports[1], sin.ports[1]); connect(senRelPre.p_rel, floConDpSystem.dpMea); connect(floConDp.port_a, sou.ports[1]); connect(floConDpSystem.port_a, sou.ports[2]); connect(zone1.ports[1], sin.ports[2]); connect(heaCoi1.port_a, floConDp.port_b); connect(heaCoi2.port_a, floConDpSystem.port_b); connect(dam2.port_b, zone1.ports[2]); connect(dam1.port_b, zone2.ports[2]); connect(zone3.ports[1], sin.ports[3]); connect(zone4.ports[1], sin.ports[4]); connect(dam3.port_b, zone3.ports[2]); connect(zone4.ports[2], dam4.port_b); connect(y1.y, dam2.y); connect(senRelPre.port_b, zone3.ports[3]); connect(senRelPre.port_a, heaCoi2.port_b); connect(duct3.port_b, dam3.port_a); connect(duct4.port_b, dam4.port_a); connect(duct2.port_a, heaCoi1.port_b); connect(heaCoi1.port_b, duct1.port_a); connect(duct1.port_b, dam2.port_a); connect(duct2.port_b, dam1.port_a); connect(duct3.port_a, heaCoi2.port_b); connect(duct4.port_a, heaCoi2.port_b); connect(y1.y, dam1.y); connect(y1.y, dam3.y); connect(y1.y, dam4.y); end FlowControlled_dpSystem;

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.FlowControlled_m_flow

Fan with zero mass flow rate and mass flow rate as input

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.FlowControlled_m_flow

Information

This example demonstrates and tests the use of a flow machine whose mass flow rate is reduced to zero.

The fans have been configured as steady-state models. This ensures that the actual speed is equal to the input signal.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples), Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.BaseClasses.FlowMachine_ZeroFlow (Base class to test flow machines with zero flow rate).

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
replaceable package Medium		Air	Medium model
MassFlowRate	m_flow_nominal	1	Nominal mass flow rate [kg/s]
PressureDifference	dp_nominal	500	Nominal pressure difference [Pa]

Modelica definition

model FlowControlled_m_flow "Fan with zero mass flow rate and mass flow rate as input" extends Modelica.Icons.Example; extends Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.BaseClasses.FlowMachine_ZeroFlow( gain(k=m_flow_nominal), redeclare Buildings.Fluid.Movers.FlowControlled_m_flow floMacSta( redeclare package Medium = Medium, m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal, use_inputFilter=false, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState), redeclare Buildings.Fluid.Movers.FlowControlled_m_flow floMacDyn( redeclare package Medium = Medium, m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal, use_inputFilter=false, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.FixedInitial)); equation connect(gain.y, floMacSta.m_flow_in); connect(gain.y, floMacDyn.m_flow_in); end FlowControlled_m_flow;

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.PowerExact

Power calculation comparison among three mover types, using exact power computation for m_flow and dp

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.PowerExact

Information

This example is identical to Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.PowerSimplified, except that the performance data for the flow controlled pumps pump_dp and pump_m_flow contain the pressure curves and efficiency curves. The plot below shows that this leads to a computation of the power consumption that is identical to the one from the speed controlled pump pump_Nrpm.

Extends from PowerSimplified (Power calculation comparison among three mover types, using simplified power computation for m_flow and dp).

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
MassFlowRate	m_flow_nominal	3	Nominal mass flow rate [kg/s]
Stratos30slash1to8	per		Pump performance data

Modelica definition

model PowerExact "Power calculation comparison among three mover types, using exact power computation for m_flow and dp" extends PowerSimplified( pump_dp(per=per), pump_m_flow(per=per)); end PowerExact;

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.PowerSimplified

Power calculation comparison among three mover types, using simplified power computation for m_flow and dp

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.PowerSimplified

Information

This example compares the power consumed by pumps that take three different control signals. Each pump has identical mass flow rate and pressure rise.

Note that for the instances Buildings.Fluid.Movers.FlowControlled_dp and Buildings.Fluid.Movers.FlowControlled_m_flow, we had to assign the efficiencies (otherwise the default constant efficiency of 0.7 would have been used). In these models, the power consumption is computed using similarity laws, but using the mass flow rate as opposed to the speed, because speed is not known in these two models. This is an approximation at operating points in which the speed is different from the nominal speed N_nominal because similarity laws are valid for speed and not for mass flow rate.

The figure below shows the approximation error for the power calculation where the speed N_rpm differs from the nominal speed N_nominal.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
MassFlowRate	m_flow_nominal	3	Nominal mass flow rate [kg/s]
Stratos30slash1to8	per		Pump performance data

Modelica definition

model PowerSimplified "Power calculation comparison among three mover types, using simplified power computation for m_flow and dp" extends Modelica.Icons.Example; package Medium = Buildings.Media.Water "Medium model"; parameter Modelica.Units.SI.MassFlowRate m_flow_nominal=3 "Nominal mass flow rate"; parameter Data.Pumps.Wilo.Stratos30slash1to8 per "Pump performance data"; Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_Nrpm pump_Nrpm( redeclare package Medium = Medium, per=per, use_inputFilter=false, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyStateInitial) "Pump with RPM as control signal"; Buildings.Fluid.Movers.FlowControlled_dp pump_dp( redeclare package Medium = Medium, redeclare Data.Pumps.Wilo.Stratos30slash1to8 per( pressure(V_flow={0,0}, dp={0,0}), use_powerCharacteristic=false, hydraulicEfficiency(V_flow={0}, eta={0.3577})), use_inputFilter=false, m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyStateInitial) "Pump with pressure rise as control signal"; Buildings.Fluid.Movers.FlowControlled_m_flow pump_m_flow( redeclare package Medium = Medium, m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal, redeclare Data.Pumps.Wilo.Stratos30slash1to8 per( pressure(V_flow={0,0}, dp={0,0}), use_powerCharacteristic=false, hydraulicEfficiency(V_flow={0}, eta={0.3577})), use_inputFilter=false, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyStateInitial) "Pump with mass flow rate as control signal"; Buildings.Fluid.Sources.Boundary_pT bou( nPorts=3, redeclare package Medium = Medium) "Pressure source"; Buildings.Fluid.FixedResistances.PressureDrop[3] res( redeclare each package Medium = Medium, each m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal, each dp_nominal=40000) "Flow resistance"; Buildings.Fluid.Sources.Boundary_pT sink( nPorts=3, redeclare package Medium = Medium); Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Ramp ramp( duration=100, startTime=10, height=1000, offset=2400) "Ramp for pump speed control signal"; Modelica.Blocks.Sources.RealExpression dpSet(y=pump_Nrpm.port_b.p - pump_Nrpm.port_a.p) "Pressure rise across pump"; Modelica.Blocks.Sources.RealExpression m_flowSet(y=pump_Nrpm.port_a.m_flow) "Pump mass flow rate"; Modelica.Blocks.Routing.Multiplex3 result; equation connect(bou.ports[1], pump_Nrpm.port_a); connect(pump_dp.port_a, bou.ports[2]); connect(pump_m_flow.port_a, bou.ports[3]); connect(pump_Nrpm.port_b, res[1].port_a); connect(pump_dp.port_b, res[2].port_a); connect(pump_m_flow.port_b, res[3].port_a); connect(sink.ports[1:3], res.port_b); connect(ramp.y, pump_Nrpm.Nrpm); connect(m_flowSet.y, pump_m_flow.m_flow_in); connect(result.u1[1], pump_Nrpm.P); connect(result.u2[1], pump_dp.P); connect(result.u3[1], pump_m_flow.P); connect(dpSet.y, pump_dp.dp_in); end PowerSimplified;

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.PumpCurveConstruction

Validation model that tests that the pump curve is properly extrapolated to V=0 and dp=0

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.PumpCurveConstruction

Information

This example tests whether the construction of the pump curve is correct implemented for the cases where no data point is given at zero head, zero mass flow rate, or both.

Each pump is identical, but different points on the pump curve are specified. However, the pump curves are linear and hence, because the pump curves are linearly extrapolated, all four pumps need to give the same flow rate.

Implementation

The pump curves are such that the protected parameter curve of the pumps have different values. This then tests the correct extrapolation.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
MassFlowRate	m_flow_nominal	1	Nominal mass flow rate at zero pump head [kg/s]
VolumeFlowRate	V_flow_nominal	m_flow_nominal/1000	Nominal mass flow rate at zero pump head [m3/s]
PressureDifference	dp_nominal	10000	Nominal pump head at zero mass flow rate [Pa]

Modelica definition

model PumpCurveConstruction "Validation model that tests that the pump curve is properly extrapolated to V=0 and dp=0" extends Modelica.Icons.Example; package Medium = Buildings.Media.Water "Medium model"; parameter Modelica.Units.SI.MassFlowRate m_flow_nominal=1 "Nominal mass flow rate at zero pump head"; parameter Modelica.Units.SI.VolumeFlowRate V_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal/1000 "Nominal mass flow rate at zero pump head"; parameter Modelica.Units.SI.PressureDifference dp_nominal=10000 "Nominal pump head at zero mass flow rate"; Actuators.Valves.TwoWayLinear val1( redeclare package Medium = Medium, m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal, use_inputFilter=false, dpValve_nominal=dp_nominal/1000, from_dp=false) "Valve with very small pressure drop if fully open"; Sources.Boundary_pT sou( redeclare package Medium = Medium, use_p_in=false, nPorts=8, p=101325, T=293.15) "Pressure boundary condition"; Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_y pum( redeclare package Medium = Medium, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState, use_inputFilter=false, per(pressure(V_flow={0,0.5*V_flow_nominal,V_flow_nominal}, dp={dp_nominal, 0.5*dp_nominal,0})), inputType=Buildings.Fluid.Types.InputType.Constant) "Pump with 3 data points for the pressure flow relation"; Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_y pum_dp( redeclare package Medium = Medium, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState, use_inputFilter=false, per(pressure(V_flow={0.5*V_flow_nominal,0.75*V_flow_nominal,V_flow_nominal}, dp={0.5*dp_nominal,0.25*dp_nominal,0})), inputType=Buildings.Fluid.Types.InputType.Constant) "Pump with 2 data points for the pressure flow relation, with data at dp=0"; Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_y pum_m_flow( redeclare package Medium = Medium, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState, use_inputFilter=false, per(pressure(V_flow={0,0.25*V_flow_nominal,0.5*V_flow_nominal}, dp={ dp_nominal,0.75*dp_nominal,0.5*dp_nominal})), inputType=Buildings.Fluid.Types.InputType.Constant) "Pump with 2 data points for the pressure flow relation, with data at m_flow=0"; Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_y pum_no( redeclare package Medium = Medium, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState, use_inputFilter=false, per(pressure(V_flow={0.25*V_flow_nominal,0.5*V_flow_nominal,0.75* V_flow_nominal}, dp={0.75*dp_nominal,0.5*dp_nominal,0.25*dp_nominal})), inputType=Buildings.Fluid.Types.InputType.Constant) "Pump with 2 data points for the pressure flow relation, with no data at m_flow=0 and dp=0"; Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Ramp yVal( duration=1, offset=1, height=-0.99) "Input signal for valve"; Actuators.Valves.TwoWayLinear val2( redeclare package Medium = Medium, m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal, use_inputFilter=false, dpValve_nominal=dp_nominal/1000, from_dp=false) "Valve with very small pressure drop if fully open"; Actuators.Valves.TwoWayLinear val3( redeclare package Medium = Medium, m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal, use_inputFilter=false, dpValve_nominal=dp_nominal/1000, from_dp=false) "Valve with very small pressure drop if fully open"; Actuators.Valves.TwoWayLinear val4( redeclare package Medium = Medium, m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal, use_inputFilter=false, dpValve_nominal=dp_nominal/1000, from_dp=false) "Valve with very small pressure drop if fully open"; equation connect(pum.port_a, val1.port_b); connect(val1.port_a, sou.ports[1]); connect(yVal.y, val1.y); connect(pum_dp.port_a, val2.port_b); connect(pum_m_flow.port_a, val3.port_b); connect(sou.ports[2], val2.port_a); connect(val3.port_a, sou.ports[3]); connect(yVal.y, val2.y); connect(yVal.y, val3.y); connect(val4.port_a, sou.ports[4]); connect(val4.port_b, pum_no.port_a); connect(yVal.y, val4.y); connect(pum_no.port_b, sou.ports[5]); connect(pum_m_flow.port_b, sou.ports[6]); connect(pum_dp.port_b, sou.ports[7]); connect(pum.port_b, sou.ports[8]); end PumpCurveConstruction;

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.PumpCurveDerivatives

Check for monotoneously increasing pump curve relations between Nrpm, dp and m_flow

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.PumpCurveDerivatives

Information

This example checks if the pump similarity law implementation results in monotoneously increasing or decreasing relations between dp, m_flow and Nrpm.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
Stratos80slash1to12	per		Pump performance data

Modelica definition

model PumpCurveDerivatives "Check for monotoneously increasing pump curve relations between Nrpm, dp and m_flow" extends Modelica.Icons.Example; package Medium = Modelica.Media.Water.ConstantPropertyLiquidWater; parameter Data.Pumps.Wilo.Stratos80slash1to12 per "Pump performance data"; Buildings.Fluid.Sources.Boundary_pT sou( redeclare package Medium = Medium, nPorts=2) "Boundary condition with fixed pressure"; Buildings.Fluid.Sources.Boundary_pT sin( redeclare package Medium =Medium, nPorts=2) "Boundary condition with fixed pressure"; Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Ramp m_flow( height=60/3.6, offset=0, duration=1, startTime=0) "Ramp signal for forced mass flow rate"; Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_Nrpm pump1( y_start=1, redeclare package Medium = Medium, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState, per=per, use_inputFilter=false) "Wilo Stratos pump"; Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_Nrpm pump2( y_start=1, redeclare package Medium = Medium, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState, per=per, use_inputFilter=false) "Wilo Stratos pump"; Buildings.Fluid.Movers.FlowControlled_m_flow forcedPump1( redeclare package Medium = Medium, m_flow_nominal=3, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState, use_inputFilter=false) "Pump for forcing a certain mass flow rate"; Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Constant rpm1(k=1000) "Pump speed control signal"; Modelica.Blocks.Math.Min min1 "Minimum for not going outside of the figure range (see documentation)"; Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Constant mMax_flow(k=40/3.6) "Maximum flow rate of the pump at given rpm"; FixedResistances.PressureDrop res( redeclare package Medium = Medium, m_flow_nominal=40/3.6, dp_nominal=7e4) "Pressure drop component"; Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Ramp m_flow1( duration=1, startTime=0, height=100, offset=0) "Ramp signal for speed"; Sensors.RelativePressure relPre(redeclare package Medium = Medium); Modelica.Blocks.Continuous.Derivative ddp_dm_flow( initType=Modelica.Blocks.Types.Init.InitialState, x_start=-11502.5) "Derivative of dp for changing m_flow"; Buildings.Fluid.Sensors.RelativePressure relPre1( redeclare package Medium = Medium); Modelica.Blocks.Continuous.Derivative ddp_dNrpm( initType=Modelica.Blocks.Types.Init.InitialState) "Derivative of dp for changing rpm"; Sensors.MassFlowRate senMasFlo(redeclare package Medium = Medium) "Mass flow rate sensor"; Modelica.Blocks.Continuous.Derivative dm_flow_dNrpm( initType=Modelica.Blocks.Types.Init.InitialState) "Derivative of m_flow for changing rpm"; equation connect(sou.ports[1], pump1.port_a); connect(forcedPump1.port_a, pump1.port_b); connect(pump1.Nrpm, rpm1.y); connect(pump2.port_a, sou.ports[2]); connect(forcedPump1.m_flow_in, min1.y); connect(min1.u1, m_flow.y); connect(mMax_flow.y, min1.u2); connect(forcedPump1.port_b, sin.ports[1]); connect(res.port_b, sin.ports[2]); connect(m_flow1.y, pump2.Nrpm); connect(ddp_dm_flow.u, relPre.p_rel); connect(relPre1.port_b, pump2.port_a); connect(relPre1.port_a, pump2.port_b); connect(ddp_dNrpm.u, relPre1.p_rel); connect(senMasFlo.port_a, pump2.port_b); connect(senMasFlo.port_b, res.port_a); connect(senMasFlo.m_flow, dm_flow_dNrpm.u); connect(relPre.port_b, pump1.port_b); connect(relPre.port_a, pump1.port_a); end PumpCurveDerivatives;

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.Pump_Nrpm_stratos

Model validation using a Wilo Stratos 80/1-12 pump

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.Pump_Nrpm_stratos

Information

This example provides a validation for the Nrpm model. A Wilo Stratos 80/1-12 pump is simulated for five different RPMs for load that changes with time. The resulting curves for the pump head and mass flow rate are plotted using colored lines over the pump data sheet. The resulting figures are shown below.

Pump heads:

Pump head.

Pump electrical power:

Pump power.

The figures are adapted from the Wilo Stratos 80/1-12 data sheet.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
Stratos80slash1to12	per		Pump performance data

Modelica definition

model Pump_Nrpm_stratos "Model validation using a Wilo Stratos 80/1-12 pump" extends Modelica.Icons.Example; package Medium = Modelica.Media.Water.ConstantPropertyLiquidWater; parameter Data.Pumps.Wilo.Stratos80slash1to12 per "Pump performance data"; Buildings.Fluid.Sources.Boundary_pT sou( redeclare package Medium = Medium, nPorts=5) "Boundary condition with fixed pressure"; Buildings.Fluid.Sources.Boundary_pT sin( redeclare package Medium =Medium, nPorts=5) "Boundary condition with fixed pressure"; Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Ramp m_flow( startTime=100, duration=800, height=60/3.6, offset=0) "Ramp signal for forced mass flow rate"; Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_Nrpm pump1( y_start=1, redeclare package Medium = Medium, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState, per=per) "Wilo Stratos pump"; Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_Nrpm pump2( y_start=1, redeclare package Medium = Medium, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState, per=per) "Wilo Stratos pump"; Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_Nrpm pump3( y_start=1, redeclare package Medium = Medium, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState, per=per) "Wilo Stratos pump"; Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_Nrpm pump4( y_start=1, redeclare package Medium = Medium, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState, per=per) "Wilo Stratos pump"; Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_Nrpm pump5( y_start=1, redeclare package Medium = Medium, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState, per=per) "Wilo Stratos pump"; Buildings.Fluid.Movers.FlowControlled_m_flow forcedPump1(redeclare package Medium = Medium, m_flow_nominal=3, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState) "Pump for forcing a certain mass flow rate"; Buildings.Fluid.Movers.FlowControlled_m_flow forcedPump2(redeclare package Medium = Medium, m_flow_nominal=3, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState) "Pump for forcing a certain mass flow rate"; Buildings.Fluid.Movers.FlowControlled_m_flow forcedPump3(redeclare package Medium = Medium, m_flow_nominal=3, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState) "Pump for forcing a certain mass flow rate"; Buildings.Fluid.Movers.FlowControlled_m_flow forcedPump4(redeclare package Medium = Medium, m_flow_nominal=3, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState) "Pump for forcing a certain mass flow rate"; Buildings.Fluid.Movers.FlowControlled_m_flow forcedPump5(redeclare package Medium = Medium, m_flow_nominal=3, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState) "Pump for forcing a certain mass flow rate"; Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Constant rpm1(k=2960) "Pump speed control signal"; Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Constant rpm2(k=2610) "Pump speed control signal"; Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Constant rpm3(k=1930) "Pump speed control signal"; Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Constant rpm4(k=3300) "Pump speed control signal"; Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Constant rpm5(k=900) "Pump speed control signal"; Modelica.Blocks.Math.Min min1 "Minimum for not going outside of the figure range (see documentation)"; Modelica.Blocks.Math.Min min2 "Minimum for not going outside of the figure range (see documentation)"; Modelica.Blocks.Math.Min min3 "Minimum for not going outside of the figure range (see documentation)"; Modelica.Blocks.Math.Min min4 "Minimum for not going outside of the figure range (see documentation)"; Modelica.Blocks.Math.Min min5 "Minimum for not going outside of the figure range (see documentation)"; Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Constant mMax_flow1(k=40/3.6) "Maximum flow rate of the pump at given rpm"; Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Constant mMax_flow2(k=55/3.6) "Maximum flow rate of the pump at given rpm"; Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Constant mMax_flow3(k=40/3.6) "Maximum flow rate of the pump at given rpm"; Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Constant mMax_flow4(k=22/3.6) "Maximum flow rate of the pump at given rpm"; Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Constant mMax_flow5(k=16/3.6) "Maximum flow rate of the pump at given rpm"; equation connect(sou.ports[1], pump1.port_a); connect(forcedPump1.port_a, pump1.port_b); connect(pump1.Nrpm, rpm1.y); connect(pump2.port_a, sou.ports[2]); connect(pump3.port_a, sou.ports[3]); connect(pump4.port_a, sou.ports[4]); connect(pump5.port_a, sou.ports[5]); connect(pump2.port_b, forcedPump2.port_a); connect(pump3.port_b, forcedPump3.port_a); connect(pump4.port_b, forcedPump4.port_a); connect(pump5.port_b, forcedPump5.port_a); connect(rpm2.y, pump2.Nrpm); connect(rpm3.y, pump3.Nrpm); connect(rpm4.y, pump4.Nrpm); connect(rpm5.y, pump5.Nrpm); connect(forcedPump1.m_flow_in, min1.y); connect(min1.u1, m_flow.y); connect(min2.y, forcedPump2.m_flow_in); connect(min2.u1, m_flow.y); connect(min3.y, forcedPump3.m_flow_in); connect(min5.y, forcedPump5.m_flow_in); connect(min4.y, forcedPump4.m_flow_in); connect(min3.u1, m_flow.y); connect(min4.u1, m_flow.y); connect(min5.u1, m_flow.y); connect(mMax_flow1.y, min1.u2); connect(mMax_flow2.y, min2.u2); connect(min3.u2, mMax_flow3.y); connect(mMax_flow4.y, min4.u2); connect(mMax_flow5.y, min5.u2); connect(forcedPump1.port_b, sin.ports[1]); connect(forcedPump2.port_b, sin.ports[2]); connect(forcedPump3.port_b, sin.ports[3]); connect(forcedPump4.port_b, sin.ports[4]); connect(forcedPump5.port_b, sin.ports[5]); end Pump_Nrpm_stratos;

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.Pump_stratos

Stratos pumps with speed as input

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.Pump_stratos

Information

This example demonstrates and tests the use of a flow machine that uses a performance data from a Stratos pump.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples), Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.BaseClasses.FlowMachine_ZeroFlow (Base class to test flow machines with zero flow rate).

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
replaceable package Medium		Air	Medium model
MassFlowRate	m_flow_nominal	floMacSta.per.pressure.V_flo...	Nominal mass flow rate [kg/s]
PressureDifference	dp_nominal	floMacSta.per.pressure.dp[3]/2	Nominal pressure difference [Pa]
Stratos25slash1to6	per

Connectors

Type	Name	Description
replaceable package Medium		Medium model

Modelica definition

model Pump_stratos "Stratos pumps with speed as input" extends Modelica.Icons.Example; extends Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.BaseClasses.FlowMachine_ZeroFlow( redeclare package Medium = Buildings.Media.Water, gain(k=floMacSta.per.speed_rpm_nominal), m_flow_nominal=floMacSta.per.pressure.V_flow[3]*1000, dp_nominal=floMacSta.per.pressure.dp[3]/2, redeclare Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_Nrpm floMacSta( redeclare package Medium = Medium, use_inputFilter=false, per=per), redeclare Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_Nrpm floMacDyn( redeclare package Medium = Medium, use_inputFilter=false, per=per)); parameter Data.Pumps.Wilo.Stratos25slash1to6 per; equation connect(gain.y, floMacSta.Nrpm); connect(gain.y, floMacDyn.Nrpm); end Pump_stratos;

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.SpeedControlled_Nrpm

Fan with zero mass flow rate and speed as input

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.SpeedControlled_Nrpm

Information

This example demonstrates and tests the use of a flow machine whose mass flow rate is reduced to zero.

The fans have been configured as steady-state models. This ensures that the actual speed is equal to the input signal.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples), Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.BaseClasses.FlowMachine_ZeroFlow (Base class to test flow machines with zero flow rate).

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
replaceable package Medium		Air	Medium model
MassFlowRate	m_flow_nominal	1	Nominal mass flow rate [kg/s]
PressureDifference	dp_nominal	500	Nominal pressure difference [Pa]

Modelica definition

model SpeedControlled_Nrpm "Fan with zero mass flow rate and speed as input" extends Modelica.Icons.Example; extends Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.BaseClasses.FlowMachine_ZeroFlow( gain(k=1500), redeclare Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_Nrpm floMacSta( redeclare package Medium = Medium, per(pressure(V_flow={0,m_flow_nominal,2*m_flow_nominal}/1.2, dp={2*dp_nominal,dp_nominal,0})), use_inputFilter=false, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState), redeclare Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_Nrpm floMacDyn( redeclare package Medium = Medium, per(pressure(V_flow={0,m_flow_nominal,2*m_flow_nominal}/1.2, dp={2*dp_nominal,dp_nominal,0})), use_inputFilter=false, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.FixedInitial)); equation connect(gain.y, floMacSta.Nrpm); connect(gain.y, floMacDyn.Nrpm); end SpeedControlled_Nrpm;

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.SpeedControlled_y

Fan with zero mass flow rate and control signal y as input

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.SpeedControlled_y

Information

This example demonstrates and tests the use of a flow machine whose mass flow rate is reduced to zero.

The fans have been configured as steady-state models. This ensures that the actual speed is equal to the input signal.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples), Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.BaseClasses.FlowMachine_ZeroFlow (Base class to test flow machines with zero flow rate).

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
replaceable package Medium		Air	Medium model
MassFlowRate	m_flow_nominal	1	Nominal mass flow rate [kg/s]
PressureDifference	dp_nominal	500	Nominal pressure difference [Pa]

Modelica definition

model SpeedControlled_y "Fan with zero mass flow rate and control signal y as input" extends Modelica.Icons.Example; extends Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.BaseClasses.FlowMachine_ZeroFlow( gain(k=1), redeclare Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_y floMacSta( redeclare package Medium = Medium, per(pressure(V_flow={0,m_flow_nominal,2*m_flow_nominal}/1.2, dp={2*dp_nominal,dp_nominal,0})), use_inputFilter=false, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState), redeclare Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_y floMacDyn( redeclare package Medium = Medium, per(pressure(V_flow={0,m_flow_nominal,2*m_flow_nominal}/1.2, dp={2*dp_nominal,dp_nominal,0})), use_inputFilter=false, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.FixedInitial)); equation connect(gain.y, floMacDyn.y); connect(gain.y, floMacSta.y); end SpeedControlled_y;

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.SpeedControlled_y_linear

Pump with linear characteristic for pressure vs. flow rate

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.SpeedControlled_y_linear

Information

This example demonstrates and tests the use of a flow machine whose speed is reduced to zero. In the top model, the pressure drop across the pump is constant, and in the bottom model, the mass flow rate across the pump is constant. In the top model, a small flow resistance has been added since a pump with zero speed cannot produce a non-zero pressure raise. For this operating region, the pressure drop ensures that the model is non-singular.

The fans have been configured as steady-state models. This ensures that the actual speed is equal to the input signal.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
MassFlowRate	m_flow_nominal	0.5	Nominal mass flow rate [kg/s]
PressureDifference	dp_nominal	10000	Nominal pressure [Pa]

Modelica definition

model SpeedControlled_y_linear "Pump with linear characteristic for pressure vs. flow rate" extends Modelica.Icons.Example; package Medium = Buildings.Media.Water "Medium model"; parameter Modelica.Units.SI.MassFlowRate m_flow_nominal=0.5 "Nominal mass flow rate"; parameter Modelica.Units.SI.PressureDifference dp_nominal=10000 "Nominal pressure"; Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Ramp y( offset=1, duration=0.5, startTime=0.25, height=-1) "Input signal"; Buildings.Fluid.Sources.Boundary_pT sou( redeclare package Medium = Medium, use_p_in=false, p=300000, T=293.15, nPorts=1); Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_y pumFixDp( redeclare package Medium = Medium, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState, per(pressure(V_flow=2/1000*{0,m_flow_nominal}, dp={2*dp_nominal,0})), use_inputFilter=false) "Pump with fixed pressure raise"; Buildings.Fluid.Sources.Boundary_pT sou1( redeclare package Medium = Medium, use_p_in=false, p(displayUnit="Pa") = 300000 + 0.01*dp_nominal, T=293.15, nPorts=1); Buildings.Fluid.FixedResistances.PressureDrop dp1( redeclare package Medium = Medium, m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal, dp_nominal=0.01*dp_nominal) "Pressure drop"; Buildings.Fluid.Sources.MassFlowSource_T sou2( redeclare package Medium = Medium, nPorts=1, m_flow=m_flow_nominal*0.01, T=293.15); Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_y pumFixM_flow( redeclare package Medium = Medium, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState, per(pressure(V_flow=2/1000*{0,m_flow_nominal}, dp={2*dp_nominal,0})), use_inputFilter=false) "Pump with fixed mass flow rate"; Buildings.Fluid.Sources.Boundary_pT sou3( redeclare package Medium = Medium, use_p_in=false, p(displayUnit="Pa") = 300000 + 0.01*dp_nominal, T=293.15, nPorts=1); equation connect(pumFixDp.port_b, sou1.ports[1]); connect(dp1.port_b, pumFixDp.port_a); connect(dp1.port_a, sou.ports[1]); connect(pumFixM_flow.port_b, sou3.ports[1]); connect(sou2.ports[1], pumFixM_flow.port_a); connect(y.y, pumFixDp.y); connect(y.y, pumFixM_flow.y); end SpeedControlled_y_linear;