Buildings.Occupants.Office.Windows
Package with models to simulate window behaviors in office buildings
Information
This package contains models to simulate window behaviors in office buildings.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.VariantsPackage (Icon for package containing variants).
Package Content
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
 Haldi2008WindowsTIn
|
A model to predict occupants' window behavior with indoor temperature |
| Haldi2008WindowsTOut
|
A model to predict occupants' window behavior with outdoor temperature |
 Haldi2009WindowsTInTout
|
A model to predict occupants' window behavior with indoor and outdoor temperature |
 Herkel2008WindowsCompletelyOpen
|
A model to predict occupants' window behavior with outdoor temperature for completely-open large windows |
| Herkel2008WindowsSmall
|
A model to predict occupants' window behavior with outdoor temperature for small windows |
| Herkel2008WindowsTiltedOpen
|
A model to predict occupants' window behavior with outdoor temperature for tilted-open large windows |
 Rijal2007WindowsTInTOutTComf
|
A model to predict occupants' window behavior with indoor, outdoor and comfort temperature |
 Yun2008WindowsTIn
|
A model to predict occupants' window behavior with indoor temperature |
| Yun2008WindowsTOut
|
A model to predict occupants' window behavior with outdoor temperature |
| Zhang2012WindowsAll
|
A model to predict occupants' window behavior with outdoor temperature |
| Zhang2012WindowsEast
|
A model to predict occupants' window behavior with outdoor temperature for East-oriented Windows |
| Zhang2012WindowsNorth
|
A model to predict occupants' window behavior with outdoor temperature for North-oriented windows |
| Zhang2012WindowsSouth
|
A model to predict occupants' window behavior with outdoor temperature for South-oriented windows |
| Zhang2012WindowsWest
|
A model to predict occupants' window behavior with outdoor temperature for West-oriented windows |
 Validation
|
Package with examples to validate models in Windows package |
Buildings.Occupants.Office.Windows.Haldi2008WindowsTIn
A model to predict occupants' window behavior with indoor temperature
Information
Model predicting the state of the window with the indoor air temperature and occupancy.
Dynamics
When the space is unoccupied, the window is always closed. When the space is occupied, the lower the indoor temperature is, the lower the chance to open the window.
References
The model is documented in the paper "Haldi, F. and Robinson, D., 2008. On the behaviour and adaptation of office occupants. Building and environment, 43(12), pp.2163-2177."
The model parameters are regressed from the field study in eight Swiss office buildings in 2006. The indoor air temperature range during the study is 5 ~ 35 degC.
Extends from Modelica.Blocks.Icons.DiscreteBlock (Graphical layout of discrete block component icon).
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Real | A | 0.22 | Slope of the logistic relation |
| Real | B | -5.64 | Intercept of the logistic relation |
| Integer | seed | 30 | Seed for the random number generator |
| Time | samplePeriod | 120 | Sample period [s] |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| input RealInput | TIn | Indoor air temperature [K] |
| input BooleanInput | occ | Indoor occupancy, true for occupied |
| output BooleanOutput | on | State of window, true for open |
Modelica definition
Buildings.Occupants.Office.Windows.Haldi2008WindowsTOut
A model to predict occupants' window behavior with outdoor temperature
Information
Model predicting the state of the window with the outdoor air temperature and occupancy.
Dynamics
When the space is unoccupied, the window is always closed. When the space is occupied, the lower the outdoor temperature is, the lower the chance to open the window.
References
The model is documented in the paper "Haldi, F. and Robinson, D., 2008. On the behaviour and adaptation of office occupants. Building and environment, 43(12), pp.2163-2177."
The model parameters are regressed from the field study in eight Swiss office buildings in 2006. The outdoor air temperature range during the study is 5 ~ 35 degC.
Extends from Modelica.Blocks.Icons.DiscreteBlock (Graphical layout of discrete block component icon).
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Real | A | 0.049 | Slope of the logistic relation |
| Real | B | -1.12 | Intercept of the logistic relation |
| Integer | seed | 30 | Seed for the random number generator |
| Time | samplePeriod | 120 | Sample period [s] |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| input RealInput | TOut | Outdoor air temperature [K] |
| input BooleanInput | occ | Indoor occupancy, true for occupied |
| output BooleanOutput | on | State of window, true for open |
Modelica definition
Buildings.Occupants.Office.Windows.Haldi2009WindowsTInTout
A model to predict occupants' window behavior with indoor and outdoor temperature
Information
Model predicting the state of the window with the indoor, outdoor air temperature and occupancy.
Dynamics
When the space is unoccupied, the window is always closed. When the space is occupied, Markov method was utilized to determine the state of the window. The probability of opening and closing the window depends on both the indoor and outdoor temperature.
References
The model is documented in the paper "Haldi, F. and Robinson, D., 2009. Interactions with window openings by office occupants. Building and Environment, 44(12), pp.2378-2395."
The model parameters are regressed from the field study in the Solar Energy and Building Physics Laboratory (LESO-PB) experimental building, located in the suburb of Lausanne, Switzerland for a period covering 19 December 2001–15 November 2008.
Extends from Modelica.Blocks.Icons.DiscreteBlock (Graphical layout of discrete block component icon).
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Real | AOpenIn | 0.263 | Slope of indoor temp of the logistic relation for the opening probability |
| Real | AOpenOut | 0.039 | Slope of outdoor temp of the logistic relation for the opening probability |
| Real | BOpen | -11.78 | Intercept of the logistic relation for the opening probability |
| Real | ACloseIn | 0.026 | Slope of indoor temp of the logistic relation for the closing probability |
| Real | ACloseOut | -0.065 | Slope of outdoor temp of the logistic relation for the closing probability |
| Real | BClose | -4.14 | Intercept of the logistic relation for the closing probability |
| Integer | seed | 10 | Seed for the random number generator |
| Time | samplePeriod | 120 | Sample period [s] |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| input RealInput | TIn | Indoor air temperature [K] |
| input RealInput | TOut | Outdoor air temperature [K] |
| input BooleanInput | occ | Indoor occupancy, true for occupied |
| output BooleanOutput | on | State of window, true for open |
Modelica definition
Buildings.Occupants.Office.Windows.Herkel2008WindowsCompletelyOpen
A model to predict occupants' window behavior with outdoor temperature for completely-open
large windows
Information
Model predicting the state of the small window with the outdoor air temperature and occupancy. The definition of large windows was not clearly presented in the original paper.
Dynamics
When the space is unoccupied, the window is always closed. When the space is occupied, the lower the outdoor temperature is, the lower the chance to open the window.
References
The model is documented in the paper "Herkel, S., Knapp, U. and Pfafferott, J., 2008. Towards a model of user behaviour regarding the manual control of windows in office buildings. Building and environment, 43(4), pp.588-600."
The model parameters are regressed from the field study in 21 individual offices within the Fraunhofer Institute’s building in Freiburg, Germany, from July 2002 to July 2003. The outdoor air temperature during the study is majorly in the range of -5 ~ 30 degC.
Extends from Modelica.Blocks.Icons.DiscreteBlock (Graphical layout of discrete block component icon).
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Real | A | 0.08 | Slope of the logistic relation |
| Real | B | -4.05 | Intercept of the logistic relation |
| Integer | seed | 3 | Seed for the random number generator |
| Time | samplePeriod | 120 | Sample period [s] |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| input RealInput | TOut | Outdoor air temperature [K] |
| input BooleanInput | occ | Indoor occupancy, true for occupied |
| output BooleanOutput | on | State of window, true for open |
Modelica definition
Buildings.Occupants.Office.Windows.Herkel2008WindowsSmall
A model to predict occupants' window behavior with outdoor temperature for small windows
Information
Model predicting the state of the small window with the outdoor air temperature and occupancy. The definition of small windows was not clearly presented in the original paper.
Dynamics
When the space is unoccupied, the window is always closed. When the space is occupied, the lower the outdoor temperature is, the lower the chance to open the window.
References
The model is documented in the paper "Herkel, S., Knapp, U. and Pfafferott, J., 2008. Towards a model of user behaviour regarding the manual control of windows in office buildings. Building and environment, 43(4), pp.588-600."
The model parameters are regressed from the field study in 21 individual offices within the Fraunhofer Institute’s building in Freiburg, Germany, from July 2002 to July 2003. The outdoor air temperature during the study is majorly in the range of -5 ~ 30 degC.
Extends from Modelica.Blocks.Icons.DiscreteBlock (Graphical layout of discrete block component icon).
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Real | A | 0.16 | Slope of the logistic relation |
| Real | B | -2.99 | Intercept of the logistic relation |
| Integer | seed | 30 | Seed for the random number generator |
| Time | samplePeriod | 120 | Sample period [s] |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| input RealInput | TOut | Outdoor air temperature [K] |
| input BooleanInput | occ | Indoor occupancy, true for occupied |
| output BooleanOutput | on | State of window, true for open |
Modelica definition
Buildings.Occupants.Office.Windows.Herkel2008WindowsTiltedOpen
A model to predict occupants' window behavior with outdoor temperature for tilted-open
large windows
Information
Model predicting the state of the small window with the outdoor air temperature and occupancy. The definition of large windows was not clearly presented in the original paper.
Dynamics
When the space is unoccupied, the window is always closed. When the space is occupied, the lower the outdoor temperature is, the lower the chance to open the window.
References
The model is documented in the paper "Herkel, S., Knapp, U. and Pfafferott, J., 2008. Towards a model of user behaviour regarding the manual control of windows in office buildings. Building and environment, 43(4), pp.588-600."
The model parameters are regressed from the field study in 21 individual offices within the Fraunhofer Institute’s building in Freiburg, Germany, from July 2002 to July 2003. The outdoor air temperature during the study is majorly in the range of -5 ~ 30 degC.
Extends from Modelica.Blocks.Icons.DiscreteBlock (Graphical layout of discrete block component icon).
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Real | A | 0.08 | Slope of the logistic relation |
| Real | B | -3.13 | Intercept of the logistic relation |
| Integer | seed | 30 | Seed for the random number generator |
| Time | samplePeriod | 120 | Sample period [s] |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| input RealInput | TOut | Outdoor air temperature [K] |
| input BooleanInput | occ | Indoor occupancy, true for occupied |
| output BooleanOutput | on | State of window, true for open |
Modelica definition
Buildings.Occupants.Office.Windows.Rijal2007WindowsTInTOutTComf
A model to predict occupants' window behavior with indoor, outdoor and comfort temperature
Information
Model predicting the state of the window with the indoor, outdoor and comfort temperature and occupancy.
Dynamics
When the space is unoccupied, the window is always closed. When the space is occupied, the window state is determined by the indoor, outdoor and comfort temperature.
When the indoor temperature is within the comfort temperature plus and minus 2 degC, the window state will not be changed.
When the indoor temperature is above the comfort temperature plus 2 degC, if the window is open, it would be kept open; if the window is closed, it might be opened, the probability to open the window is determined by the indoor and outdoor temperature.
When the indoor temperature is below the comfort temperature minus 2 degC, if the window is closed, it would be kept closed; if the window is open, it might be closed, the probability to close the window is determined by the indoor and outdoor temperature.
References
The model is documented in the paper "Rijal, H.B., Tuohy, P., Humphreys, M.A., Nicol, J.F., Samuel, A. and Clarke, J., 2007. Using results from field surveys to predict the effect of open windows on thermal comfort and energy use in buildings. Energy and buildings, 39(7), pp.823-836."
The model parameters are regressed from the field study conducted in 15 office buildings in UK between March 1996 and September 1997. Nine of the buildings were in the Oxford area in the central south of England (seven naturally ventilated (NV) and two air conditioned (AC)). Six of the buildings were in Aberdeen on the north-east coast of Scotland (three NV and three AC).
Extends from Modelica.Blocks.Icons.DiscreteBlock (Graphical layout of discrete block component icon).
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Real | AIn | 0.171 | Slope of the indoor temperature in the logistic relation |
| Real | AOut | 0.166 | Slope of the outdoor temperature in the logistic relation |
| Real | B | -6.4 | Intercept of the logistic relation |
| Integer | seed | 3 | Seed for the random number generator |
| Time | samplePeriod | 120 | Sample period [s] |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| input RealInput | TIn | Indoor air temperature [K] |
| input RealInput | TOut | Outdoor air temperature [K] |
| input RealInput | TComf | Comfort temperature [K] |
| input BooleanInput | occ | Indoor occupancy, true for occupied |
| output BooleanOutput | on | State of window, true for open |
Modelica definition
Buildings.Occupants.Office.Windows.Yun2008WindowsTIn
A model to predict occupants' window behavior with indoor temperature
Information
Model predicting the state of the window with the indoor air temperature and occupancy through Markov approach.
Dynamics
When the space is unoccupied, the window is always closed. When the space is occupied, the Probability of closing or opening the window depends on the indoor air temperature.
References
The model is documented in the paper "Yun, G.Y. and Steemers, K., 2008. Time-dependent occupant behaviour models of window control in summer. Building and Environment, 43(9), pp.1471-1482."
The model parameters are regressed from the field study in offices without night ventilation, located in Cambridge, UK in summer time (13 Jun. to 15 Sep., 2006).
Extends from Modelica.Blocks.Icons.DiscreteBlock (Graphical layout of discrete block component icon).
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Real | AOpen | 0.030 | Slope of the logistic relation for opening the window |
| Real | BOpen | -0.629 | Intercept of the logistic relation for opening the window |
| Real | AClose | -0.007 | Slope of the logistic relation for closing the window |
| Real | BClose | -0.209 | Intercept of the logistic relation for closing the window |
| Integer | seed | 30 | Seed for the random number generator |
| Time | samplePeriod | 120 | Sample period [s] |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| input RealInput | TIn | Indoor air temperature [K] |
| input BooleanInput | occ | Indoor occupancy, true for occupied |
| output BooleanOutput | on | State of window, true for open |
Modelica definition
Buildings.Occupants.Office.Windows.Yun2008WindowsTOut
A model to predict occupants' window behavior with outdoor temperature
Information
Model predicting the state of the window with the outdoor air temperature and occupancy through Markov approach.
Dynamics
When the space is unoccupied, the window is always closed. When the space is occupied, the Probability of closing or opening the window depends on the outdoor air temperature.
References
The model is documented in the paper "Yun, G.Y. and Steemers, K., 2008. Time-dependent occupant behaviour models of window control in summer. Building and Environment, 43(9), pp.1471-1482."
The model parameters are regressed from the field study in offices without night ventilation, located in Cambridge, UK in summer time (13 Jun. to 15 Sep., 2006).
Extends from Modelica.Blocks.Icons.DiscreteBlock (Graphical layout of discrete block component icon).
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Real | AOpen | 0.009 | Slope of the logistic relation for opening the window |
| Real | BOpen | -0.115 | Intercept of the logistic relation for opening the window |
| Real | AClose | 0 | Slope of the logistic relation for closing the window |
| Real | BClose | -0.040 | Intercept of the logistic relation for closing the window |
| Integer | seed | 30 | Seed for the random number generator |
| Time | samplePeriod | 120 | Sample period [s] |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| input RealInput | TOut | Outdoor air temperature [K] |
| input BooleanInput | occ | Indoor occupancy, true for occupied |
| output BooleanOutput | on | State of window, true for open |
Modelica definition
Buildings.Occupants.Office.Windows.Zhang2012WindowsAll
A model to predict occupants' window behavior with outdoor temperature
Information
Model predicting the state of the window with the outdoor air temperature and occupancy.
Dynamics
When the space is unoccupied, the window is always closed. When the space is occupied, the lower the outdoor temperature is, the lower the chance to open the window.
References
The model is documented in the paper "Zhang, Y. and Barrett, P., 2012. Factors influencing the occupants’ window opening behaviour in a naturally ventilated office building. Building and Environment, 50, pp.125-134."
The model parameters are regressed from the field study in a naturally ventilated office building in Sheffield, UK in 2005/2006. The outdoor air temperature range during the study is 0 ~ 30 degC.
Extends from Modelica.Blocks.Icons.DiscreteBlock (Graphical layout of discrete block component icon).
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Real | A | 0.10 | Slope of the logistic relation |
| Real | B | -4.01 | Intercept of the logistic relation |
| Integer | seed | 30 | Seed for the random number generator |
| Time | samplePeriod | 120 | Sample period [s] |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| input RealInput | TOut | Outdoor air temperature [K] |
| input BooleanInput | occ | Indoor occupancy, true for occupied |
| output BooleanOutput | on | State of window, true for open |
Modelica definition
Buildings.Occupants.Office.Windows.Zhang2012WindowsEast
A model to predict occupants' window behavior with outdoor temperature for East-oriented Windows
Information
Model predicting the state of the East-oriented windows with the outdoor air temperature and occupancy.
Dynamics
When the space is unoccupied, the window is always closed. When the space is occupied, the lower the outdoor temperature is, the lower the chance to open the window.
References
The model is documented in the paper "Zhang, Y. and Barrett, P., 2012. Factors influencing the occupants’ window opening behaviour in a naturally ventilated office building. Building and Environment, 50, pp.125-134."
The model parameters are regressed from the field study in a naturally ventilated office building in Sheffield, UK in 2005/2006. The outdoor air temperature range during the study is 0 ~ 30 degC.
Extends from Modelica.Blocks.Icons.DiscreteBlock (Graphical layout of discrete block component icon).
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Real | A | 0.09 | Slope of the logistic relation |
| Real | B | -3.72 | Intercept of the logistic relation |
| Integer | seed | 50 | Seed for the random number generator |
| Time | samplePeriod | 120 | Sample period [s] |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| input RealInput | TOut | Outdoor air temperature [K] |
| input BooleanInput | occ | Indoor occupancy, true for occupied |
| output BooleanOutput | on | State of East-oriented window, true for open |
Modelica definition
Buildings.Occupants.Office.Windows.Zhang2012WindowsNorth
A model to predict occupants' window behavior with outdoor temperature for North-oriented windows
Information
Model predicting the state of the North-oriented window with the outdoor air temperature and occupancy.
Dynamics
When the space is unoccupied, the window is always closed. When the space is occupied, the lower the outdoor temperature is, the lower the chance to open the window.
References
The model is documented in the paper "Zhang, Y. and Barrett, P., 2012. Factors influencing the occupants’ window opening behaviour in a naturally ventilated office building. Building and Environment, 50, pp.125-134."
The model parameters are regressed from the field study in a naturally ventilated office building in Sheffield, UK in 2005/2006. The outdoor air temperature range during the study is 0 ~ 30 degC.
Extends from Modelica.Blocks.Icons.DiscreteBlock (Graphical layout of discrete block component icon).
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Real | A | 0.12 | Slope of the logistic relation |
| Real | B | -4.38 | Intercept of the logistic relation |
| Integer | seed | 30 | Seed for the random number generator |
| Time | samplePeriod | 120 | Sample period [s] |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| input RealInput | TOut | Outdoor air temperature [K] |
| input BooleanInput | occ | Indoor occupancy, true for occupied |
| output BooleanOutput | on | State of North-oriented window, true for open |
Modelica definition
Buildings.Occupants.Office.Windows.Zhang2012WindowsSouth
A model to predict occupants' window behavior with outdoor temperature for South-oriented windows
Information
Model predicting the state of the South-oriented window with the outdoor air temperature and occupancy.
Dynamics
When the space is unoccupied, the window is always closed. When the space is occupied, the lower the outdoor temperature is, the lower the chance to open the window.
References
The model is documented in the paper "Zhang, Y. and Barrett, P., 2012. Factors influencing the occupants’ window opening behaviour in a naturally ventilated office building. Building and Environment, 50, pp.125-134."
The model parameters are regressed from the field study in a naturally ventilated office building in Sheffield, UK in 2005/2006. The outdoor air temperature range during the study is 0 ~ 30 degC.
Extends from Modelica.Blocks.Icons.DiscreteBlock (Graphical layout of discrete block component icon).
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Real | A | 0.10 | Slope of the logistic relation |
| Real | B | -3.64 | Intercept of the logistic relation |
| Integer | seed | 30 | Seed for the random number generator |
| Time | samplePeriod | 120 | Sample period [s] |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| input RealInput | TOut | Outdoor air temperature [K] |
| input BooleanInput | occ | Indoor occupancy, true for occupied |
| output BooleanOutput | on | State of South-oriented window, true for open |
Modelica definition
Buildings.Occupants.Office.Windows.Zhang2012WindowsWest
A model to predict occupants' window behavior with outdoor temperature for West-oriented windows
Information
Model predicting the state of the West-oriented window with the outdoor air temperature and occupancy.
Dynamics
When the space is unoccupied, the window is always closed. When the space is occupied, the lower the outdoor temperature is, the lower the chance to open the window.
References
The model is documented in the paper "Zhang, Y. and Barrett, P., 2012. Factors influencing the occupants’ window opening behaviour in a naturally ventilated office building. Building and Environment, 50, pp.125-134."
The model parameters are regressed from the field study in a naturally ventilated office building in Sheffield, UK in 2005/2006. The outdoor air temperature range during the study is 0 ~ 30 degC.
Extends from Modelica.Blocks.Icons.DiscreteBlock (Graphical layout of discrete block component icon).
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Real | A | 0.12 | Slope of the logistic relation |
| Real | B | -4.77 | Intercept of the logistic relation |
| Integer | seed | 50 | Seed for the random number generator |
| Time | samplePeriod | 120 | Sample period [s] |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| input RealInput | TOut | Outdoor air temperature [K] |
| input BooleanInput | occ | Indoor occupancy, true for occupied |
| output BooleanOutput | on | State of West-oriented window, true for open |