Buildings.ThermalZones.ReducedOrder.RC
Package with reduced order thermal zones based on VDI 6007 Part 1
Information
This package contains the core of Reduced Order Models (ROM) that dynamically calculate the thermal behaviour of building mass.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.VariantsPackage (Icon for package containing variants).
Package Content
Name | Description |
---|---|
UsersGuide | User's Guide |
FourElements | Thermal Zone with four elements for exterior walls, interior walls, floor plate and roof |
OneElement | Thermal Zone with one element for exterior walls |
ThreeElements | Thermal Zone with three elements for exterior walls, interior walls and floor plate |
TwoElements | Thermal Zone with two elements for exterior and interior walls |
BaseClasses | Package with base classes for ROM |
Buildings.ThermalZones.ReducedOrder.RC.FourElements
Thermal Zone with four elements for exterior walls,
interior walls, floor plate and roof
Information
This model adds another element for the roof. Roofs commonly
exhibit the same excitations as exterior walls but have different coefficients
of heat transfer due to their orientation. Adding an extra element for the roof
might lead to a finer resolution of the dynamic behaviour but increases
calculation times. The roof is parameterized via the length of the RC-chain
nRoof
,
the vector of capacities CRoof[nRoof]
, the vector of resistances
RRoof[nRoof]
and remaining resistances RRoofRem
.
The image below shows the RC-network of this model.
Extends from ThreeElements (Thermal Zone with three elements for exterior walls, interior walls and floor plate).
Parameters
Type | Name | Default | Description |
---|---|---|---|
replaceable package Medium | PartialMedium | Medium in the component | |
Boolean | use_moisture_balance | false | If true, input connector QLat_flow is enabled and room air computes moisture balance |
Thermal zone | |||
Volume | VAir | Air volume of the zone [m3] | |
CoefficientOfHeatTransfer | hRad | Coefficient of heat transfer for linearized radiation exchange between walls [W/(m2.K)] | |
Integer | nOrientations | Number of orientations | |
Windows | |||
Area | AWin[nOrientations] | Vector of areas of windows by orientations [m2] | |
Area | ATransparent[nOrientations] | Vector of areas of transparent (solar radiation transmittend) elements by orientations [m2] | |
CoefficientOfHeatTransfer | hConWin | Convective coefficient of heat transfer of windows (indoor) [W/(m2.K)] | |
ThermalResistance | RWin | Resistor for windows [K/W] | |
TransmissionCoefficient | gWin | Total energy transmittance of windows [1] | |
Real | ratioWinConRad | Ratio for windows between indoor convective and radiative heat emission | |
Boolean | indoorPortWin | false | Additional heat port at indoor surface of windows |
Exterior walls | |||
Area | AExt[nOrientations] | Vector of areas of exterior walls by orientations [m2] | |
CoefficientOfHeatTransfer | hConExt | Convective coefficient of heat transfer of exterior walls (indoor) [W/(m2.K)] | |
Integer | nExt | Number of RC-elements of exterior walls | |
ThermalResistance | RExt[nExt] | Vector of resistances of exterior walls, from inside to outside [K/W] | |
ThermalResistance | RExtRem | Resistance of remaining resistor RExtRem between capacity n and outside [K/W] | |
HeatCapacity | CExt[nExt] | Vector of heat capacities of exterior walls, from inside to outside [J/K] | |
Boolean | indoorPortExtWalls | false | Additional heat port at indoor surface of exterior walls |
Interior walls | |||
Area | AInt | Area of interior walls [m2] | |
CoefficientOfHeatTransfer | hConInt | Convective coefficient of heat transfer of interior walls (indoor) [W/(m2.K)] | |
Integer | nInt | Number of RC-elements of interior walls | |
ThermalResistance | RInt[nInt] | Vector of resistances of interior walls, from port to center [K/W] | |
HeatCapacity | CInt[nInt] | Vector of heat capacities of interior walls, from port to center [J/K] | |
Boolean | indoorPortIntWalls | false | Additional heat port at indoor surface of interior walls |
Floor plate | |||
Area | AFloor | Area of floor plate [m2] | |
CoefficientOfHeatTransfer | hConFloor | Convective coefficient of heat transfer of floor plate (indoor) [W/(m2.K)] | |
Integer | nFloor | Number of RC-elements of floor plate | |
ThermalResistance | RFloor[nFloor] | Vector of resistances of floor plate, from inside to outside [K/W] | |
ThermalResistance | RFloorRem | Resistance of remaining resistor RFloorRem between capacity n and outside [K/W] | |
HeatCapacity | CFloor[nFloor] | Vector of heat capacities of floor plate, from inside to outside [J/K] | |
Boolean | indoorPortFloor | false | Additional heat port at indoor surface of floor plate |
Roof | |||
Area | ARoof | Area of roof [m2] | |
CoefficientOfHeatTransfer | hConRoof | Convective coefficient of heat transfer of roof (indoor) [W/(m2.K)] | |
Integer | nRoof | Number of RC-elements of roof | |
ThermalResistance | RRoof[nRoof] | Vector of resistances of roof, from inside to outside [K/W] | |
ThermalResistance | RRoofRem | Resistance of remaining resistor RRoofRem between capacity n and outside [K/W] | |
HeatCapacity | CRoof[nRoof] | Vector of heat capacities of roof, from inside to outside [J/K] | |
Boolean | indoorPortRoof | false | Additional heat port at indoor surface of roof |
Dynamics | |||
Equations | |||
Dynamics | energyDynamics | Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamic... | Type of energy balance: dynamic (3 initialization options) or steady state |
Dynamics | massDynamics | energyDynamics | Type of mass balance: dynamic (3 initialization options) or steady state |
Real | mSenFac | 1 | Factor for scaling the sensible thermal mass of the volume |
Initialization | |||
AbsolutePressure | p_start | Medium.p_default | Start value of pressure [Pa] |
Temperature | T_start | Medium.T_default | Start value of temperature [K] |
MassFraction | X_start[Medium.nX] | Medium.X_default | Start value of mass fractions m_i/m [kg/kg] |
ExtraProperty | C_start[Medium.nC] | fill(0, Medium.nC) | Start value of trace substances |
ExtraProperty | C_nominal[Medium.nC] | fill(1E-2, Medium.nC) | Nominal value of trace substances. (Set to typical order of magnitude.) |
Advanced | |||
Boolean | use_C_flow | false | Set to true to enable input connector for trace substance |
Connectors
Type | Name | Description |
---|---|---|
input RealInput | solRad[nOrientations] | Solar radiation transmitted through windows [W/m2] |
input RealInput | QLat_flow | Latent heat gains for the room [W] |
output RealOutput | TAir | Indoor air temperature [K] |
output RealOutput | TRad | Mean indoor radiation temperature [K] |
VesselFluidPorts_b | ports[nPorts] | Auxiliary fluid inlets and outlets to indoor air volume |
HeatPort_a | extWall | Ambient port for exterior walls |
HeatPort_a | window | Ambient port for windows |
HeatPort_a | intGainsConv | Auxiliary port for sensible internal convective gains |
HeatPort_a | intGainsRad | Auxiliary port for internal radiative gains |
HeatPort_a | windowIndoorSurface | Auxiliary port at indoor surface of windows |
HeatPort_a | extWallIndoorSurface | Auxiliary port at indoor surface of exterior walls |
input RealInput | C_flow[Medium.nC] | Trace substance mass flow rate added to the thermal zone |
HeatPort_a | intWallIndoorSurface | Auxiliary port at indoor surface of interior walls |
HeatPort_a | floor | Ambient port for floor plate |
HeatPort_a | floorIndoorSurface | Auxiliary port at indoor surface of floor plate |
HeatPort_a | roof | Ambient port for roof |
HeatPort_a | roofIndoorSurface | Auxiliary port at indoor surface of roof |
Modelica definition
Buildings.ThermalZones.ReducedOrder.RC.OneElement
Thermal Zone with one element for exterior walls
Information
This model merges all thermal masses into one
element, parameterized by the length of the RC-chain
nExt,
the vector of the capacities CExt[nExt]
that is
connected via the vector of resistances RExt[nExt]
and
RExtRem
to the ambient and indoor air.
By default, the model neglects all
internal thermal masses that are not directly connected to the ambient.
However, the thermal capacity of the room air can be increased by
using the parameter mSenFac
.
The image below shows the RC-network of this model.
Extends from Buildings.Fluid.Interfaces.LumpedVolumeDeclarations (Declarations for lumped volumes).
Parameters
Type | Name | Default | Description |
---|---|---|---|
replaceable package Medium | PartialMedium | Medium in the component | |
Boolean | use_moisture_balance | false | If true, input connector QLat_flow is enabled and room air computes moisture balance |
Thermal zone | |||
Volume | VAir | Air volume of the zone [m3] | |
CoefficientOfHeatTransfer | hRad | Coefficient of heat transfer for linearized radiation exchange between walls [W/(m2.K)] | |
Integer | nOrientations | Number of orientations | |
Windows | |||
Area | AWin[nOrientations] | Vector of areas of windows by orientations [m2] | |
Area | ATransparent[nOrientations] | Vector of areas of transparent (solar radiation transmittend) elements by orientations [m2] | |
CoefficientOfHeatTransfer | hConWin | Convective coefficient of heat transfer of windows (indoor) [W/(m2.K)] | |
ThermalResistance | RWin | Resistor for windows [K/W] | |
TransmissionCoefficient | gWin | Total energy transmittance of windows [1] | |
Real | ratioWinConRad | Ratio for windows between indoor convective and radiative heat emission | |
Boolean | indoorPortWin | false | Additional heat port at indoor surface of windows |
Exterior walls | |||
Area | AExt[nOrientations] | Vector of areas of exterior walls by orientations [m2] | |
CoefficientOfHeatTransfer | hConExt | Convective coefficient of heat transfer of exterior walls (indoor) [W/(m2.K)] | |
Integer | nExt | Number of RC-elements of exterior walls | |
ThermalResistance | RExt[nExt] | Vector of resistances of exterior walls, from inside to outside [K/W] | |
ThermalResistance | RExtRem | Resistance of remaining resistor RExtRem between capacity n and outside [K/W] | |
HeatCapacity | CExt[nExt] | Vector of heat capacities of exterior walls, from inside to outside [J/K] | |
Boolean | indoorPortExtWalls | false | Additional heat port at indoor surface of exterior walls |
Dynamics | |||
Equations | |||
Dynamics | energyDynamics | Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamic... | Type of energy balance: dynamic (3 initialization options) or steady state |
Dynamics | massDynamics | energyDynamics | Type of mass balance: dynamic (3 initialization options) or steady state |
Real | mSenFac | 1 | Factor for scaling the sensible thermal mass of the volume |
Initialization | |||
AbsolutePressure | p_start | Medium.p_default | Start value of pressure [Pa] |
Temperature | T_start | Medium.T_default | Start value of temperature [K] |
MassFraction | X_start[Medium.nX] | Medium.X_default | Start value of mass fractions m_i/m [kg/kg] |
ExtraProperty | C_start[Medium.nC] | fill(0, Medium.nC) | Start value of trace substances |
ExtraProperty | C_nominal[Medium.nC] | fill(1E-2, Medium.nC) | Nominal value of trace substances. (Set to typical order of magnitude.) |
Advanced | |||
Boolean | use_C_flow | false | Set to true to enable input connector for trace substance |
Connectors
Type | Name | Description |
---|---|---|
input RealInput | solRad[nOrientations] | Solar radiation transmitted through windows [W/m2] |
input RealInput | QLat_flow | Latent heat gains for the room [W] |
output RealOutput | TAir | Indoor air temperature [K] |
output RealOutput | TRad | Mean indoor radiation temperature [K] |
VesselFluidPorts_b | ports[nPorts] | Auxiliary fluid inlets and outlets to indoor air volume |
HeatPort_a | extWall | Ambient port for exterior walls |
HeatPort_a | window | Ambient port for windows |
HeatPort_a | intGainsConv | Auxiliary port for sensible internal convective gains |
HeatPort_a | intGainsRad | Auxiliary port for internal radiative gains |
HeatPort_a | windowIndoorSurface | Auxiliary port at indoor surface of windows |
HeatPort_a | extWallIndoorSurface | Auxiliary port at indoor surface of exterior walls |
input RealInput | C_flow[Medium.nC] | Trace substance mass flow rate added to the thermal zone |
Modelica definition
Buildings.ThermalZones.ReducedOrder.RC.ThreeElements
Thermal Zone with three elements for exterior walls,
interior walls and floor plate
Information
This model adds one further element for
the floor plate. Long-term effects dominate the excitation of the floor plate
and thus the excitation fundamentally differs from excitation of outer walls.
Adding an extra element for the floor plate leads to a finer resolution of the
dynamic behaviour but increases calculation times. The floor plate is
parameterized via the length of the RC-chain nFloor
,
the vector of the capacities
CFloor[nFloor]
, the vector of the resistances
RFloor[nFloor]
and the remaining resistance RFloorRem
.
The image below shows the RC-network of this model.
Extends from TwoElements (Thermal Zone with two elements for exterior and interior walls).
Parameters
Type | Name | Default | Description |
---|---|---|---|
replaceable package Medium | PartialMedium | Medium in the component | |
Boolean | use_moisture_balance | false | If true, input connector QLat_flow is enabled and room air computes moisture balance |
Thermal zone | |||
Volume | VAir | Air volume of the zone [m3] | |
CoefficientOfHeatTransfer | hRad | Coefficient of heat transfer for linearized radiation exchange between walls [W/(m2.K)] | |
Integer | nOrientations | Number of orientations | |
Windows | |||
Area | AWin[nOrientations] | Vector of areas of windows by orientations [m2] | |
Area | ATransparent[nOrientations] | Vector of areas of transparent (solar radiation transmittend) elements by orientations [m2] | |
CoefficientOfHeatTransfer | hConWin | Convective coefficient of heat transfer of windows (indoor) [W/(m2.K)] | |
ThermalResistance | RWin | Resistor for windows [K/W] | |
TransmissionCoefficient | gWin | Total energy transmittance of windows [1] | |
Real | ratioWinConRad | Ratio for windows between indoor convective and radiative heat emission | |
Boolean | indoorPortWin | false | Additional heat port at indoor surface of windows |
Exterior walls | |||
Area | AExt[nOrientations] | Vector of areas of exterior walls by orientations [m2] | |
CoefficientOfHeatTransfer | hConExt | Convective coefficient of heat transfer of exterior walls (indoor) [W/(m2.K)] | |
Integer | nExt | Number of RC-elements of exterior walls | |
ThermalResistance | RExt[nExt] | Vector of resistances of exterior walls, from inside to outside [K/W] | |
ThermalResistance | RExtRem | Resistance of remaining resistor RExtRem between capacity n and outside [K/W] | |
HeatCapacity | CExt[nExt] | Vector of heat capacities of exterior walls, from inside to outside [J/K] | |
Boolean | indoorPortExtWalls | false | Additional heat port at indoor surface of exterior walls |
Interior walls | |||
Area | AInt | Area of interior walls [m2] | |
CoefficientOfHeatTransfer | hConInt | Convective coefficient of heat transfer of interior walls (indoor) [W/(m2.K)] | |
Integer | nInt | Number of RC-elements of interior walls | |
ThermalResistance | RInt[nInt] | Vector of resistances of interior walls, from port to center [K/W] | |
HeatCapacity | CInt[nInt] | Vector of heat capacities of interior walls, from port to center [J/K] | |
Boolean | indoorPortIntWalls | false | Additional heat port at indoor surface of interior walls |
Floor plate | |||
Area | AFloor | Area of floor plate [m2] | |
CoefficientOfHeatTransfer | hConFloor | Convective coefficient of heat transfer of floor plate (indoor) [W/(m2.K)] | |
Integer | nFloor | Number of RC-elements of floor plate | |
ThermalResistance | RFloor[nFloor] | Vector of resistances of floor plate, from inside to outside [K/W] | |
ThermalResistance | RFloorRem | Resistance of remaining resistor RFloorRem between capacity n and outside [K/W] | |
HeatCapacity | CFloor[nFloor] | Vector of heat capacities of floor plate, from inside to outside [J/K] | |
Boolean | indoorPortFloor | false | Additional heat port at indoor surface of floor plate |
Dynamics | |||
Equations | |||
Dynamics | energyDynamics | Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamic... | Type of energy balance: dynamic (3 initialization options) or steady state |
Dynamics | massDynamics | energyDynamics | Type of mass balance: dynamic (3 initialization options) or steady state |
Real | mSenFac | 1 | Factor for scaling the sensible thermal mass of the volume |
Initialization | |||
AbsolutePressure | p_start | Medium.p_default | Start value of pressure [Pa] |
Temperature | T_start | Medium.T_default | Start value of temperature [K] |
MassFraction | X_start[Medium.nX] | Medium.X_default | Start value of mass fractions m_i/m [kg/kg] |
ExtraProperty | C_start[Medium.nC] | fill(0, Medium.nC) | Start value of trace substances |
ExtraProperty | C_nominal[Medium.nC] | fill(1E-2, Medium.nC) | Nominal value of trace substances. (Set to typical order of magnitude.) |
Advanced | |||
Boolean | use_C_flow | false | Set to true to enable input connector for trace substance |
Connectors
Type | Name | Description |
---|---|---|
input RealInput | solRad[nOrientations] | Solar radiation transmitted through windows [W/m2] |
input RealInput | QLat_flow | Latent heat gains for the room [W] |
output RealOutput | TAir | Indoor air temperature [K] |
output RealOutput | TRad | Mean indoor radiation temperature [K] |
VesselFluidPorts_b | ports[nPorts] | Auxiliary fluid inlets and outlets to indoor air volume |
HeatPort_a | extWall | Ambient port for exterior walls |
HeatPort_a | window | Ambient port for windows |
HeatPort_a | intGainsConv | Auxiliary port for sensible internal convective gains |
HeatPort_a | intGainsRad | Auxiliary port for internal radiative gains |
HeatPort_a | windowIndoorSurface | Auxiliary port at indoor surface of windows |
HeatPort_a | extWallIndoorSurface | Auxiliary port at indoor surface of exterior walls |
input RealInput | C_flow[Medium.nC] | Trace substance mass flow rate added to the thermal zone |
HeatPort_a | intWallIndoorSurface | Auxiliary port at indoor surface of interior walls |
HeatPort_a | floor | Ambient port for floor plate |
HeatPort_a | floorIndoorSurface | Auxiliary port at indoor surface of floor plate |
Modelica definition
Buildings.ThermalZones.ReducedOrder.RC.TwoElements
Thermal Zone with two elements for exterior and interior walls
Information
This model distinguishes between internal
thermal masses and exterior walls. While exterior walls contribute to heat
transfer to the ambient, adiabatic conditions apply to internal masses.
Parameters for the internal wall element are the length of the RC-chain
nInt
, the vector of the capacities
CInt[nInt]
and the vector of the resistances RInt[nInt]
.
This approach allows considering the dynamic behaviour induced by internal
heat storage.
The image below shows the RC-network of this model.
Extends from OneElement (Thermal Zone with one element for exterior walls).
Parameters
Type | Name | Default | Description |
---|---|---|---|
replaceable package Medium | PartialMedium | Medium in the component | |
Boolean | use_moisture_balance | false | If true, input connector QLat_flow is enabled and room air computes moisture balance |
Thermal zone | |||
Volume | VAir | Air volume of the zone [m3] | |
CoefficientOfHeatTransfer | hRad | Coefficient of heat transfer for linearized radiation exchange between walls [W/(m2.K)] | |
Integer | nOrientations | Number of orientations | |
Windows | |||
Area | AWin[nOrientations] | Vector of areas of windows by orientations [m2] | |
Area | ATransparent[nOrientations] | Vector of areas of transparent (solar radiation transmittend) elements by orientations [m2] | |
CoefficientOfHeatTransfer | hConWin | Convective coefficient of heat transfer of windows (indoor) [W/(m2.K)] | |
ThermalResistance | RWin | Resistor for windows [K/W] | |
TransmissionCoefficient | gWin | Total energy transmittance of windows [1] | |
Real | ratioWinConRad | Ratio for windows between indoor convective and radiative heat emission | |
Boolean | indoorPortWin | false | Additional heat port at indoor surface of windows |
Exterior walls | |||
Area | AExt[nOrientations] | Vector of areas of exterior walls by orientations [m2] | |
CoefficientOfHeatTransfer | hConExt | Convective coefficient of heat transfer of exterior walls (indoor) [W/(m2.K)] | |
Integer | nExt | Number of RC-elements of exterior walls | |
ThermalResistance | RExt[nExt] | Vector of resistances of exterior walls, from inside to outside [K/W] | |
ThermalResistance | RExtRem | Resistance of remaining resistor RExtRem between capacity n and outside [K/W] | |
HeatCapacity | CExt[nExt] | Vector of heat capacities of exterior walls, from inside to outside [J/K] | |
Boolean | indoorPortExtWalls | false | Additional heat port at indoor surface of exterior walls |
Interior walls | |||
Area | AInt | Area of interior walls [m2] | |
CoefficientOfHeatTransfer | hConInt | Convective coefficient of heat transfer of interior walls (indoor) [W/(m2.K)] | |
Integer | nInt | Number of RC-elements of interior walls | |
ThermalResistance | RInt[nInt] | Vector of resistances of interior walls, from port to center [K/W] | |
HeatCapacity | CInt[nInt] | Vector of heat capacities of interior walls, from port to center [J/K] | |
Boolean | indoorPortIntWalls | false | Additional heat port at indoor surface of interior walls |
Dynamics | |||
Equations | |||
Dynamics | energyDynamics | Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamic... | Type of energy balance: dynamic (3 initialization options) or steady state |
Dynamics | massDynamics | energyDynamics | Type of mass balance: dynamic (3 initialization options) or steady state |
Real | mSenFac | 1 | Factor for scaling the sensible thermal mass of the volume |
Initialization | |||
AbsolutePressure | p_start | Medium.p_default | Start value of pressure [Pa] |
Temperature | T_start | Medium.T_default | Start value of temperature [K] |
MassFraction | X_start[Medium.nX] | Medium.X_default | Start value of mass fractions m_i/m [kg/kg] |
ExtraProperty | C_start[Medium.nC] | fill(0, Medium.nC) | Start value of trace substances |
ExtraProperty | C_nominal[Medium.nC] | fill(1E-2, Medium.nC) | Nominal value of trace substances. (Set to typical order of magnitude.) |
Advanced | |||
Boolean | use_C_flow | false | Set to true to enable input connector for trace substance |
Connectors
Type | Name | Description |
---|---|---|
input RealInput | solRad[nOrientations] | Solar radiation transmitted through windows [W/m2] |
input RealInput | QLat_flow | Latent heat gains for the room [W] |
output RealOutput | TAir | Indoor air temperature [K] |
output RealOutput | TRad | Mean indoor radiation temperature [K] |
VesselFluidPorts_b | ports[nPorts] | Auxiliary fluid inlets and outlets to indoor air volume |
HeatPort_a | extWall | Ambient port for exterior walls |
HeatPort_a | window | Ambient port for windows |
HeatPort_a | intGainsConv | Auxiliary port for sensible internal convective gains |
HeatPort_a | intGainsRad | Auxiliary port for internal radiative gains |
HeatPort_a | windowIndoorSurface | Auxiliary port at indoor surface of windows |
HeatPort_a | extWallIndoorSurface | Auxiliary port at indoor surface of exterior walls |
input RealInput | C_flow[Medium.nC] | Trace substance mass flow rate added to the thermal zone |
HeatPort_a | intWallIndoorSurface | Auxiliary port at indoor surface of interior walls |