Buildings.Occupants.Residential.Windows

Package with models to simulate windows behaviors in resident buildings

Information

This package contains models to simulate window behaviors in residential buildings.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.VariantsPackage (Icon for package containing variants).

Package Content

Name	Description
Nicol2001WindowsEU	A model to predict occupants' window behavior with outdoor temperature
Nicol2001WindowsPakistan	A model to predict occupants' window behavior with outdoor temperature
Nicol2001WindowsUK	A model to predict occupants' window behavior with outdoor temperature
Validation	Package with examples to validate models in Windows package

Buildings.Occupants.Residential.Windows.Nicol2001WindowsEU

A model to predict occupants' window behavior with outdoor temperature

Buildings.Occupants.Residential.Windows.Nicol2001WindowsEU

Information

Model predicting the state of the window with the outdoor air temperature and occupancy.

Dynamics

When the space is unoccupied, the window is always closed. When the space is occupied, the lower the outdoor temperature is, the lower the chance to open the window.

References

The model is documented in the paper "Nicol, J.F., 2001, August. Characterising occupant behaviour in buildings: towards a stochastic model of occupant use of windows, lights, blinds, heaters and fans. In Proceedings of the seventh international IBPSA conference, Rio (Vol. 2, pp. 1073-1078)."

The model parameters are regressed from the field study in offices in five European countries - Sweden, UK, France, Portugal and Greece.

Extends from Modelica.Blocks.Icons.DiscreteBlock (Graphical layout of discrete block component icon).

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
Real	A	0.104	Slope of the logistic relation [1/K]
Real	B	-2.31	Intercept of the logistic relation [1]
Integer	seed	30	Seed for the random number generator
Time	samplePeriod	120	Sample period [s]

Connectors

Type	Name	Description
input RealInput	TOut	Outdoor air temperature [K]
input BooleanInput	occ	Indoor occupancy, true for occupied
output BooleanOutput	on	State of window

Modelica definition

model Nicol2001WindowsEU "A model to predict occupants' window behavior with outdoor temperature" extends Modelica.Blocks.Icons.DiscreteBlock; parameter Real A(final unit="1/K") = 0.104 "Slope of the logistic relation"; parameter Real B(final unit="1") = -2.31 "Intercept of the logistic relation"; parameter Integer seed = 30 "Seed for the random number generator"; parameter Modelica.SIunits.Time samplePeriod = 120 "Sample period"; Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput TOut( final unit="K", displayUnit="degC") "Outdoor air temperature"; Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.BooleanInput occ "Indoor occupancy, true for occupied"; Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.BooleanOutput on "State of window"; Real p( unit="1", min=0, max=1) "Probability of window opened"; protected parameter Modelica.SIunits.Time t0(final fixed = false) "First sample time instant"; output Boolean sampleTrigger "True, if sample time instant"; Real curSeed "Current value for seed as a real-valued variable"; initial equation t0 = time; curSeed = t0*seed; p = Modelica.Math.exp(A*(TOut - 273.15)+B)/(Modelica.Math.exp(A*(TOut - 273.15)+B) + 1); on = Buildings.Occupants.BaseClasses.binaryVariableGeneration(p, globalSeed=integer(curSeed)); equation sampleTrigger = sample(t0,samplePeriod); when sampleTrigger then curSeed = seed*time; if occ then p = Modelica.Math.exp(A*(TOut - 273.15)+B)/(Modelica.Math.exp(A*(TOut - 273.15)+B) + 1); on = Buildings.Occupants.BaseClasses.binaryVariableGeneration(p, globalSeed=integer(curSeed)); else p = 0; on = false; end if; end when; end Nicol2001WindowsEU;

Buildings.Occupants.Residential.Windows.Nicol2001WindowsPakistan

A model to predict occupants' window behavior with outdoor temperature

Buildings.Occupants.Residential.Windows.Nicol2001WindowsPakistan

Information

Model predicting the state of the window with the outdoor air temperature and occupancy.

Dynamics

When the space is unoccupied, the window is always closed. When the space is occupied, the lower the outdoor temperature is, the lower the chance to open the window.

References

The model parameters are regressed from the field study in 7000 naturally ventilated buildings in Pakistan.

Extends from Modelica.Blocks.Icons.DiscreteBlock (Graphical layout of discrete block component icon).

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
Real	A	0.118	Slope of the logistic relation [1/K]
Real	B	-3.73	Intercept of the logistic relation [1]
Integer	seed	5	Seed for the random number generator
Time	samplePeriod	120	Sample period [s]

Connectors

Type	Name	Description
input RealInput	TOut	Outdoor air temperature [K]
input BooleanInput	occ	Indoor occupancy, true for occupied
output BooleanOutput	on	State of window

Modelica definition

model Nicol2001WindowsPakistan "A model to predict occupants' window behavior with outdoor temperature" extends Modelica.Blocks.Icons.DiscreteBlock; parameter Real A(final unit="1/K") = 0.118 "Slope of the logistic relation"; parameter Real B(final unit="1") = -3.73 "Intercept of the logistic relation"; parameter Integer seed = 5 "Seed for the random number generator"; parameter Modelica.SIunits.Time samplePeriod = 120 "Sample period"; Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput TOut( final unit="K", displayUnit="degC") "Outdoor air temperature"; Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.BooleanInput occ "Indoor occupancy, true for occupied"; Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.BooleanOutput on "State of window"; Real p( unit="1", min=0, max=1) "Probability of window opened"; protected parameter Modelica.SIunits.Time t0(final fixed = false) "First sample time instant"; output Boolean sampleTrigger "True, if sample time instant"; Real curSeed "Current value for seed as a real-valued variable"; initial equation t0 = time; curSeed = t0*seed; p = Modelica.Math.exp(A*(TOut - 273.15)+B)/(Modelica.Math.exp(A*(TOut - 273.15)+B) + 1); on = Buildings.Occupants.BaseClasses.binaryVariableGeneration(p, globalSeed=integer(curSeed)); equation sampleTrigger = sample(t0,samplePeriod); when sampleTrigger then curSeed = seed*time; if occ then p = Modelica.Math.exp(A*(TOut - 273.15)+B)/(Modelica.Math.exp(A*(TOut - 273.15)+B) + 1); on = Buildings.Occupants.BaseClasses.binaryVariableGeneration(p, globalSeed=integer(curSeed)); else p = 0; on = false; end if; end when; end Nicol2001WindowsPakistan;

Buildings.Occupants.Residential.Windows.Nicol2001WindowsUK

A model to predict occupants' window behavior with outdoor temperature

Buildings.Occupants.Residential.Windows.Nicol2001WindowsUK

Information

Model predicting the state of the window with the outdoor air temperature and occupancy.

Dynamics

When the space is unoccupied, the window is always closed. When the space is occupied, the lower the outdoor temperature is, the lower the chance to open the window.

References

The model parameters are regressed from the field study in the UK in 1998 from 3600 naturally ventilated buildings.

Extends from Modelica.Blocks.Icons.DiscreteBlock (Graphical layout of discrete block component icon).

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
Real	A	0.169	Slope of the logistic relation [1/K]
Real	B	-2.65	Intercept of the logistic relation [1]
Integer	seed	30	Seed for the random number generator
Time	samplePeriod	120	Sample period [s]

Connectors

Type	Name	Description
input RealInput	TOut	Outdoor air temperature [K]
input BooleanInput	occ	Indoor occupancy, true for occupied
output BooleanOutput	on	State of window

Modelica definition

model Nicol2001WindowsUK "A model to predict occupants' window behavior with outdoor temperature" extends Modelica.Blocks.Icons.DiscreteBlock; parameter Real A(final unit="1/K") = 0.169 "Slope of the logistic relation"; parameter Real B(final unit="1") = -2.65 "Intercept of the logistic relation"; parameter Integer seed = 30 "Seed for the random number generator"; parameter Modelica.SIunits.Time samplePeriod = 120 "Sample period"; Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput TOut( final unit="K", displayUnit="degC") "Outdoor air temperature"; Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.BooleanInput occ "Indoor occupancy, true for occupied"; Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.BooleanOutput on "State of window"; Real p( unit="1", min=0, max=1) "Probability of window opened"; protected parameter Modelica.SIunits.Time t0(final fixed = false) "First sample time instant"; output Boolean sampleTrigger "True, if sample time instant"; Real curSeed "Current value for seed as a real-valued variable"; initial equation t0 = time; curSeed = t0*seed; p = Modelica.Math.exp(A*(TOut - 273.15)+B)/(Modelica.Math.exp(A*(TOut - 273.15)+B) + 1); on = Buildings.Occupants.BaseClasses.binaryVariableGeneration(p=p, globalSeed=integer(curSeed)); equation sampleTrigger = sample(t0,samplePeriod); when sampleTrigger then curSeed = seed*time; if occ then p = Modelica.Math.exp(A*(TOut - 273.15)+B)/(Modelica.Math.exp(A*(TOut - 273.15)+B) + 1); on = Buildings.Occupants.BaseClasses.binaryVariableGeneration(p=p, globalSeed=integer(curSeed)); else p = 0; on = false; end if; end when; end Nicol2001WindowsUK;