Buildings.Occupants.Residential.Heating

Package with models to simulate heating behaviors in resident buildings

Information

This package contains models to simulate heating behaviors in residential buildings.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.VariantsPackage (Icon for package containing variants).

Package Content

Name	Description
Nicol2001HeatingEU	A model to predict occupants' heating behavior with outdoor temperature
Nicol2001HeatingPakistan	A model to predict occupants' heating behavior with outdoor temperature
Nicol2001HeatingUK	A model to predict occupants' heating behavior with outdoor temperature
Validation	Package with examples to validate models in Heating package

Buildings.Occupants.Residential.Heating.Nicol2001HeatingEU

A model to predict occupants' heating behavior with outdoor temperature

Buildings.Occupants.Residential.Heating.Nicol2001HeatingEU

Information

Model predicting the state of the heater with the outdoor temperature and occupancy.

Dynamics

When the space is unoccupied, the heater is always off. When the space is occupied, the lower the outdoor temperature is, the higher the chance to turn on the heater.

References

The model is documented in the paper "Nichol, J., 2001. Characterizing occupant behavior in buildings: towards a stochastic model of occupant use of windows, lights, blinds heaters and fans. In Proceedings of building simulation 01, an IBPSA Conference."

The model parameters are regressed from the field study in the EU in 1999.

Extends from Modelica.Blocks.Icons.DiscreteBlock (Graphical layout of discrete block component icon).

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
Real	A	-0.32	Slope of the logistic relation [1/K]
Real	B	2.72	Intercept of the logistic relation [1]
Integer	seed	10	Seed for the random number generator
Time	samplePeriod	120	Sample period [s]

Connectors

Type	Name	Description
input RealInput	TOut	Outdoor air temperature [K]
input BooleanInput	occ	Indoor occupancy, true for occupied
output BooleanOutput	on	State of heater

Modelica definition

model Nicol2001HeatingEU "A model to predict occupants' heating behavior with outdoor temperature" extends Modelica.Blocks.Icons.DiscreteBlock; parameter Real A(final unit="1/K") = -0.32 "Slope of the logistic relation"; parameter Real B(final unit="1") = 2.72 "Intercept of the logistic relation"; parameter Integer seed = 10 "Seed for the random number generator"; parameter Modelica.SIunits.Time samplePeriod = 120 "Sample period"; Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput TOut( final unit="K", displayUnit="degC") "Outdoor air temperature"; Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.BooleanInput occ "Indoor occupancy, true for occupied"; Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.BooleanOutput on "State of heater"; Real p( final unit="1", final min=0, final max=1) "Probability of heating being on"; protected parameter Modelica.SIunits.Time t0(final fixed = false) "First sample time instant"; output Boolean sampleTrigger "True, if sample time instant"; Real curSeed "Current value for seed as a real-valued variable"; initial equation t0 = time; curSeed = t0*seed; p = Modelica.Math.exp(A*(TOut - 273.15)+B)/(Modelica.Math.exp(A*(TOut - 273.15)+B) + 1); on = Buildings.Occupants.BaseClasses.binaryVariableGeneration(p=p, globalSeed=integer(curSeed)); equation sampleTrigger = sample(t0,samplePeriod); when sampleTrigger then curSeed = seed*time; if occ then p = Modelica.Math.exp(A*(TOut - 273.15)+B)/(Modelica.Math.exp(A*(TOut - 273.15)+B) + 1); on = Buildings.Occupants.BaseClasses.binaryVariableGeneration(p=p, globalSeed=integer(curSeed)); else p = 0; on = false; end if; end when; end Nicol2001HeatingEU;

Buildings.Occupants.Residential.Heating.Nicol2001HeatingPakistan

A model to predict occupants' heating behavior with outdoor temperature

Buildings.Occupants.Residential.Heating.Nicol2001HeatingPakistan

Information

Model predicting the state of the heater with the outdoor temperature and occupancy.

Dynamics

When the space is unoccupied, the heater is always off. When the space is occupied, the lower the outdoor temperature is, the higher the chance to turn on the heater.

References

The model parameters are regressed from the field study in Pakistan in 1999.

Extends from Modelica.Blocks.Icons.DiscreteBlock (Graphical layout of discrete block component icon).

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
Real	A	-0.345	Slope of the logistic relation [1/K]
Real	B	2.73	Intercept of the logistic relation [1]
Integer	seed	10	Seed for the random number generator
Time	samplePeriod	120	Sample period [s]

Connectors

Type	Name	Description
input RealInput	TOut	Outdoor air temperature [K]
input BooleanInput	occ	Indoor occupancy, true for occupied
output BooleanOutput	on	State of heater

Modelica definition

model Nicol2001HeatingPakistan "A model to predict occupants' heating behavior with outdoor temperature" extends Modelica.Blocks.Icons.DiscreteBlock; parameter Real A(final unit="1/K") = -0.345 "Slope of the logistic relation"; parameter Real B(final unit="1") = 2.73 "Intercept of the logistic relation"; parameter Integer seed = 10 "Seed for the random number generator"; parameter Modelica.SIunits.Time samplePeriod = 120 "Sample period"; Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput TOut( final unit="K", displayUnit="degC") "Outdoor air temperature"; Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.BooleanInput occ "Indoor occupancy, true for occupied"; Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.BooleanOutput on "State of heater"; Real p( final unit="1", final min=0, final max=1) "Probability of heating being on"; protected parameter Modelica.SIunits.Time t0(final fixed = false) "First sample time instant"; output Boolean sampleTrigger "True, if sample time instant"; Real curSeed "Current value for seed as a real-valued variable"; initial equation t0 = time; curSeed = t0*seed; p = Modelica.Math.exp(A*(TOut - 273.15)+B)/(Modelica.Math.exp(A*(TOut - 273.15)+B) + 1); on = Buildings.Occupants.BaseClasses.binaryVariableGeneration(p=p, globalSeed=integer(curSeed)); equation sampleTrigger = sample(t0,samplePeriod); when sampleTrigger then curSeed = seed*time; if occ then p = Modelica.Math.exp(A*(TOut - 273.15)+B)/(Modelica.Math.exp(A*(TOut - 273.15)+B) + 1); on = Buildings.Occupants.BaseClasses.binaryVariableGeneration(p=p, globalSeed=integer(curSeed)); else p = 0; on = false; end if; end when; end Nicol2001HeatingPakistan;

Buildings.Occupants.Residential.Heating.Nicol2001HeatingUK

A model to predict occupants' heating behavior with outdoor temperature

Buildings.Occupants.Residential.Heating.Nicol2001HeatingUK

Information

Model predicting the state of the heater with the outdoor temperature and occupancy.

Dynamics

When the space is unoccupied, the heater is always off. When the space is occupied, the lower the outdoor temperature is, the higher the chance to turn on the heater.

References

The model parameters are regressed from the field study in the UK in 1998 from 3600 naturally ventilated buildings.

Extends from Modelica.Blocks.Icons.DiscreteBlock (Graphical layout of discrete block component icon).

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
Real	A	-0.514	Slope of the logistic relation [1/K]
Real	B	5.28	Intercept of the logistic relation [1]
Integer	seed	10	Seed for the random number generator
Time	samplePeriod	120	Sample period [s]

Connectors

Type	Name	Description
input RealInput	TOut	Outdoor air temperature [K]
input BooleanInput	occ	Indoor occupancy, true for occupied
output BooleanOutput	on	State of heater

Modelica definition

model Nicol2001HeatingUK "A model to predict occupants' heating behavior with outdoor temperature" extends Modelica.Blocks.Icons.DiscreteBlock; parameter Real A(final unit="1/K") = -0.514 "Slope of the logistic relation"; parameter Real B(final unit="1") = 5.28 "Intercept of the logistic relation"; parameter Integer seed = 10 "Seed for the random number generator"; parameter Modelica.SIunits.Time samplePeriod = 120 "Sample period"; Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput TOut( final unit="K", displayUnit="degC") "Outdoor air temperature"; Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.BooleanInput occ "Indoor occupancy, true for occupied"; Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.BooleanOutput on "State of heater"; Real p( final unit="1", final min=0, final max=1) "Probability of heating being on"; protected parameter Modelica.SIunits.Time t0(final fixed = false) "First sample time instant"; output Boolean sampleTrigger "True, if sample time instant"; Real curSeed "Current value for seed as a real-valued variable"; initial equation t0 = time; curSeed = t0*seed; p = Modelica.Math.exp(A*(TOut - 273.15)+B)/(Modelica.Math.exp(A*(TOut - 273.15)+B) + 1); on = Buildings.Occupants.BaseClasses.binaryVariableGeneration(p=p, globalSeed=integer(curSeed)); equation sampleTrigger = sample(t0,samplePeriod); when sampleTrigger then curSeed = seed*time; if occ then p = Modelica.Math.exp(A*(TOut - 273.15)+B)/(Modelica.Math.exp(A*( TOut - 273.15)+B) + 1); on = Buildings.Occupants.BaseClasses.binaryVariableGeneration(p=p, globalSeed=integer(curSeed)); else p = 0; on = false; end if; end when; end Nicol2001HeatingUK;