Buildings.Examples.ChillerPlant.BaseClasses.Controls

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Buildings.Examples.ChillerPlant.BaseClasses.Controls

Package with control components for Buildings.Examples.ChillerPlant

Information

This package contains component models that are used to construct the control system in Buildings.Examples.ChillerPlant.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.VariantsPackage (Icon for package containing variants).

Package Content

Name	Description
BatteryControl	Controller for battery
ChillerSwitch	Control unit for enabling/disabling chiller
KMinusU	Output y=k-u
LinearPiecewiseTwo	A two-pieces linear piecewise function
RequestCounter	Count the number of actuators that have request
TrimAndRespond	Trim and respond logic
TrimAndRespondContinuousTimeApproximation	Trim and respond logic
WSEControl	Control unit for WSE
Examples	Test of components

Buildings.Examples.ChillerPlant.BaseClasses.Controls.BatteryControl

Controller for battery

Buildings.Examples.ChillerPlant.BaseClasses.Controls.BatteryControl

Information

Block for a battery controller. The battery is charged during night if its charge is below a threshold. It remains charging until it is full. During day, it discharges provided that its charge is above a threshold. It remains discharging until it is empty.

Extends from Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.BlockIcon (This icon will be removed in future Modelica versions, use Modelica.Blocks.Icons.Block instead.).

Connectors

Type	Name	Description
input RealInput	SOC	State of charge
output RealOutput	y	Power charged or discharged from battery

Modelica definition

model BatteryControl "Controller for battery" extends Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.BlockIcon; Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput SOC "State of charge"; Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput y "Power charged or discharged from battery"; Modelica_StateGraph2.Step off(initialStep=true, nOut=2, nIn=2, use_activePort=true) "Battery is disconnected"; Modelica_StateGraph2.Transition T1( use_conditionPort=true, delayedTransition=true, waitTime=1); Modelica_StateGraph2.Step charge( nOut=1, initialStep=false, use_activePort=true, nIn=1) "Battery is being charged"; Modelica.Blocks.Logical.LessThreshold lessThreshold(threshold=0.5); Modelica.Blocks.Logical.GreaterEqualThreshold greaterEqualThreshold(threshold= 0.99); Modelica_StateGraph2.Transition T3(use_conditionPort=true, use_firePort= false); Modelica.Blocks.Sources.BooleanExpression isDay(y=mod(time, 86400) > 7*3600 and mod(time, 86400) <= 19*3600) "Outputs true if it is day time"; Modelica_StateGraph2.Step discharge( nOut=1, initialStep=false, use_activePort=true, nIn=1) "Battery is being discharged"; Modelica.Blocks.Logical.Not not1; Modelica.Blocks.Logical.And and1; Modelica_StateGraph2.Transition T2( use_conditionPort=true, delayedTransition=true, waitTime=1); Modelica.Blocks.Logical.And and2; Modelica.Blocks.Logical.GreaterThreshold greaterThreshold(threshold=0.8); Modelica.Blocks.Logical.LessEqualThreshold lessEqualThreshold(threshold= 0.01); Modelica_StateGraph2.Transition T4(use_conditionPort=true, use_firePort= false); Modelica.Blocks.Math.MultiSwitch multiSwitch1(nu=3, expr={0,200e3,-400e3}); equation connect(lessThreshold.u, SOC); connect(greaterEqualThreshold.y, T3.conditionPort); connect(greaterEqualThreshold.u, SOC); connect(charge.outPort[1], T3.inPort); connect(not1.u, isDay.y); connect(and1.u1, not1.y); connect(lessThreshold.y, and1.u2); connect(and1.y, T1.conditionPort); connect(charge.inPort[1], T1.outPort); connect(T2.outPort, discharge.inPort[1]); connect(isDay.y, and2.u1); connect(greaterThreshold.u, SOC); connect(greaterThreshold.y, and2.u2); connect(and2.y, T2.conditionPort); connect(lessEqualThreshold.u, SOC); connect(lessEqualThreshold.y, T4.conditionPort); connect(discharge.outPort[1], T4.inPort); connect(T3.outPort, off.inPort[1]); connect(T4.outPort, off.inPort[2]); connect(off.outPort[1], T1.inPort); connect(off.outPort[2], T2.inPort); connect(off.activePort, multiSwitch1.u[1]); connect(charge.activePort, multiSwitch1.u[2]); connect(discharge.activePort, multiSwitch1.u[3]); connect(y, y); connect(multiSwitch1.y, y); end BatteryControl;

Buildings.Examples.ChillerPlant.BaseClasses.Controls.ChillerSwitch

Control unit for enabling/disabling chiller

Buildings.Examples.ChillerPlant.BaseClasses.Controls.ChillerSwitch

Information

The controls for enabling/disabling chiller are as follows:

The chiller is enabled when
T_{Chi_CHWST} > T_ChiSet + T_DeaBan
The chiller is disabled when
T_{Chi_CHWST} ≤ T_ChiSet

where T_{Chi_CHWST} is chiller chilled water supply temperature, T_ChiSet is set temperature for chilled water leaving chiller, and T_DeaBan is dead band to prevent short cycling.

Extends from Modelica.Blocks.Icons.Block (Basic graphical layout of input/output block).

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
Temperature	deaBan		Dead band of temperature to prevent chiller short cycling [K]

Connectors

Type	Name	Description
input RealInput	chiCHWST	Chiller chilled water supply temperature (water entering chiller) [K]
output BooleanOutput	y	Control signal for chiller. 1: Enable, 0: Disable
input RealInput	TSet	Set temperature of chiller [K]

Modelica definition

block ChillerSwitch "Control unit for enabling/disabling chiller" extends Modelica.Blocks.Icons.Block; Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput chiCHWST( final quantity="ThermodynamicTemperature", final unit="K", displayUnit="deg") "Chiller chilled water supply temperature (water entering chiller)"; Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.BooleanOutput y "Control signal for chiller. 1: Enable, 0: Disable"; Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput TSet( final quantity="ThermodynamicTemperature", final unit="K", displayUnit="deg") "Set temperature of chiller"; parameter Modelica.SIunits.Temperature deaBan "Dead band of temperature to prevent chiller short cycling"; Modelica.Blocks.Logical.Hysteresis hysteresis(uLow=0, uHigh=deaBan); Modelica.Blocks.Math.Add add(k1=+1, k2=-1); equation connect(hysteresis.y, y); connect(chiCHWST, add.u1); connect(TSet, add.u2); connect(add.y, hysteresis.u); end ChillerSwitch;

Buildings.Examples.ChillerPlant.BaseClasses.Controls.KMinusU

Output y=k-u

Buildings.Examples.ChillerPlant.BaseClasses.Controls.KMinusU

Information

This component computes the value of

y = k - u.

Extends from Modelica.Blocks.Icons.Block (Basic graphical layout of input/output block).

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
Real	k		Sum of u and y

Connectors

Type	Name	Description
input RealInput	u	Input
output RealOutput	y	Output

Modelica definition

block KMinusU "Output y=k-u" extends Modelica.Blocks.Icons.Block; public parameter Real k "Sum of u and y"; Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput u "Input"; Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput y "Output"; equation y = k - u; end KMinusU;

Buildings.Examples.ChillerPlant.BaseClasses.Controls.LinearPiecewiseTwo

A two-pieces linear piecewise function

Buildings.Examples.ChillerPlant.BaseClasses.Controls.LinearPiecewiseTwo

Information

This component calcuates the output according to two piecewise linear function as

u ∈ [x₀, x₁]:	y₁ = y₁₀ + u (y₁₁-y₁₀)/(x₁-x₀) y₂ = y₂₀
u ∈ (x₁, x₂]:	y₁ = y₁₁ y₂ = y₂₀ + (u-x₁) (y₂₁-y₂₀)/(x₂-x₁)

Extends from Modelica.Blocks.Icons.Block (Basic graphical layout of input/output block).

Parameters

Type	Name	Description
Real	x0	First interval [x0, x1]
Real	x1	First interval [x0, x1] and second interval (x1, x2]
Real	x2	Second interval (x1, x2]
Real	y10	y[1] at u = x0
Real	y11	y[1] at u = x1
Real	y20	y[2] at u = x1
Real	y21	y[2] at u = x2

Connectors

Type	Name	Description
input RealInput	u	Set point
output RealOutput	y[2]	Connectors of Real output signal

Modelica definition

block LinearPiecewiseTwo "A two-pieces linear piecewise function" extends Modelica.Blocks.Icons.Block; parameter Real x0 "First interval [x0, x1]"; parameter Real x1 "First interval [x0, x1] and second interval (x1, x2]"; parameter Real x2 "Second interval (x1, x2]"; parameter Real y10 "y[1] at u = x0"; parameter Real y11 "y[1] at u = x1"; parameter Real y20 "y[2] at u = x1"; parameter Real y21 "y[2] at u = x2"; Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput u "Set point"; Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput y[2] "Connectors of Real output signal"; Buildings.Controls.SetPoints.Table y1Tab(table=[x0, y10; x1, y11; x2, y11]) "Tabel for y[1]"; Buildings.Controls.SetPoints.Table y2Tab(table=[x0, y20; x1, y20; x2, y21]) "Tabel for y[2]"; equation connect(u, y1Tab.u); connect(u, y2Tab.u); connect(y1Tab.y, y[1]); connect(y2Tab.y, y[2]); end LinearPiecewiseTwo;

Buildings.Examples.ChillerPlant.BaseClasses.Controls.RequestCounter

Count the number of actuators that have request

Buildings.Examples.ChillerPlant.BaseClasses.Controls.RequestCounter

Information

This model counts the number of requests sent by actuators. A request is triggerred when an input singal uAct[i] is larger than uTri.

Extends from Modelica.Blocks.Icons.Block (Basic graphical layout of input/output block).

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
Integer	nAct		Number of actuators
Real	uTri		Value to trigger a request from actuator

Connectors

Type	Name	Description
output IntegerOutput	nInc	Number of actuators requesting control signal increase
input RealInput	uAct[nAct]	Input signal from actuators

Modelica definition

block RequestCounter "Count the number of actuators that have request" extends Modelica.Blocks.Icons.Block; parameter Integer nAct "Number of actuators"; parameter Real uTri "Value to trigger a request from actuator"; Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.IntegerOutput nInc "Number of actuators requesting control signal increase"; Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput uAct[nAct] "Input signal from actuators"; algorithm nInc := 0; for i in 1:nAct loop if uAct[i] > uTri then nInc := nInc + 1; end if; end for; end RequestCounter;

Buildings.Examples.ChillerPlant.BaseClasses.Controls.TrimAndRespond

Trim and respond logic

Buildings.Examples.ChillerPlant.BaseClasses.Controls.TrimAndRespond

Information

This model implements the trim and respond logic. The model samples the outputs of actuators every tSam. The control sequence is as follows:

If u ≥ 0, then y = y + nActInc,
If u < 0, then y = y - yDec.

Extends from Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.DiscreteSISO (Single Input Single Output discrete control block).

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
Time	samplePeriod		Sample period of component [s]
Time	startTime	0	First sample time instant [s]
Real	uTri		Value to triggering the request for actuator
Real	yEqu0		y setpoint when equipment starts
Real	yDec		y decrement (must be negative)
Real	yInc		y increment (must be positive)

Connectors

Type	Name	Description
input RealInput	u	Continuous input signal
output RealOutput	y	Continuous output signal

Modelica definition

block TrimAndRespond "Trim and respond logic" extends Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.DiscreteSISO(firstTrigger(start=false, fixed=true)); parameter Real uTri "Value to triggering the request for actuator"; parameter Real yEqu0 "y setpoint when equipment starts"; parameter Real yDec(max=0) "y decrement (must be negative)"; parameter Real yInc(min=0) "y increment (must be positive)"; Modelica.Blocks.Logical.GreaterEqualThreshold incY(threshold=0) "Outputs true if y needs to be increased"; Modelica.Blocks.Logical.Switch swi; Sampler sam(samplePeriod=samplePeriod) "Sampler"; Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Constant conYDec(k=yDec) "y decrease"; Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Constant conYInc(k=yInc) "y increase"; UnitDelay uniDel1( y_start=yEqu0, samplePeriod=samplePeriod, startTime=samplePeriod); Modelica.Blocks.Math.Add add; Modelica.Blocks.Nonlinear.Limiter lim(uMax=1, uMin=0) "State limiter"; // The UnitDelay and Sampler is reimplemented to avoid in Dymola 2016 the translation warning // The initial conditions for variables of type Boolean are not fully specified. // Dymola has selected default initial conditions. // Assuming fixed default start value for the discrete non-states: // ...firstTrigger(start = false) // ... protected block UnitDelay extends Modelica.Blocks.Discrete.UnitDelay( firstTrigger(start=false, fixed=true)); end UnitDelay; block Sampler extends Modelica.Blocks.Discrete.Sampler( firstTrigger(start=false, fixed=true)); end Sampler; equation connect(lim.y, y); connect(add.y, lim.u); connect(uniDel1.y, add.u2); connect(incY.y, swi.u2); connect(sam.y, incY.u); connect(lim.y, uniDel1.u); connect(swi.y, add.u1); connect(swi.u3, conYDec.y); connect(conYInc.y, swi.u1); connect(sam.u, u); end TrimAndRespond;

Buildings.Examples.ChillerPlant.BaseClasses.Controls.TrimAndRespondContinuousTimeApproximation

Trim and respond logic

Buildings.Examples.ChillerPlant.BaseClasses.Controls.TrimAndRespondContinuousTimeApproximation

Information

This model implements a continuous time approximation to the trim and respond control algorithm.

Extends from Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.SISO (Single Input Single Output continuous control block).

Connectors

Type	Name	Description
input RealInput	u	Connector of Real input signal
output RealOutput	y	Connector of Real output signal

Modelica definition

block TrimAndRespondContinuousTimeApproximation "Trim and respond logic" extends Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.SISO; Buildings.Controls.Continuous.LimPID conPID( Td=1, yMax=1, yMin=0, reverseAction=true, controllerType=Modelica.Blocks.Types.SimpleController.PI, Ti=120, k=0.1); Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Constant const(k=0); equation connect(const.y, conPID.u_s); connect(conPID.y, y); connect(u, conPID.u_m); end TrimAndRespondContinuousTimeApproximation;

Buildings.Examples.ChillerPlant.BaseClasses.Controls.WSEControl

Control unit for WSE

Buildings.Examples.ChillerPlant.BaseClasses.Controls.WSEControl

Information

This component decides if the WSE is set to on or off. The WSE is enabled when

The WSE has been disabled for at least 20 minutes, and
T_{WSE_CHWST} > 0.9 T_WetBul + T_TowApp + T_WSEApp

The WSE is disabled when

The WSE has been enabled for at least 20 minutes, and
T_{WSE_CHWRT} < 1 + T_{WSE_CWST}

where T_{WSE_CHWST} is the chilled water supply temperature for the WSE, T_WetBul is the wet bulb temperature, T_TowApp is the cooling tower approach, T_WSEApp is the approach for the WSE, T_{WSE_CHWRT} is the chilled water return temperature for the WSE, and T_{WSE_CWST} is the condenser water return temperature for the WSE.

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
TemperatureDifference	dTOff	1	Temperature difference to switch WSE off [K]
TemperatureDifference	dTW	1	Temperature difference that is added to WSE on guard [K]

Connectors

Type	Name	Description
input RealInput	wseCHWST	WSE chilled water supply temperature (water entering WSE) [K]
output RealOutput	y2	Control signal for chiller shutoff valve
input RealInput	TWetBul	Wet bulb temperature [K]
input RealInput	towTApp	Cooling tower approach [K]
input RealInput	wseCWST	WSE condenser water supply temperature (water entering WSE) [K]
output RealOutput	y1	Control signal for WSE shutoff valve

Modelica definition

model WSEControl "Control unit for WSE" parameter Modelica.SIunits.TemperatureDifference dTOff = 1 "Temperature difference to switch WSE off"; parameter Modelica.SIunits.TemperatureDifference dTW = 1 "Temperature difference that is added to WSE on guard"; Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput wseCHWST( final quantity="ThermodynamicTemperature", final unit="K", displayUnit="deg") "WSE chilled water supply temperature (water entering WSE)"; Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput y2 "Control signal for chiller shutoff valve"; Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput TWetBul( final quantity="ThermodynamicTemperature", final unit="K", displayUnit="deg") "Wet bulb temperature"; Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput towTApp( final quantity="ThermodynamicTemperature", final unit="K", displayUnit="deg") "Cooling tower approach"; Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput wseCWST( final quantity="ThermodynamicTemperature", final unit="K", displayUnit="deg") "WSE condenser water supply temperature (water entering WSE)"; Modelica.Blocks.Math.BooleanToReal booToRea2; Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput y1 "Control signal for WSE shutoff valve"; Modelica_StateGraph2.Step off( use_activePort=true, nOut=1, nIn=1, final initialStep=true); Modelica_StateGraph2.Transition T1(delayedTransition=true, waitTime=1200, use_conditionPort=false, condition=wseCHWST > 0.9*TWetBul + towTApp + dTW); Modelica_StateGraph2.Step on(nIn=1, nOut=1, final initialStep=false); Modelica_StateGraph2.Transition T2(delayedTransition=true, waitTime=1200, use_conditionPort=false, condition=wseCHWST < wseCWST + dTOff); Modelica.Blocks.Math.BooleanToReal booToRea1(realTrue=0, realFalse=1); equation connect(booToRea2.y, y2); connect(off.outPort[1], T1.inPort); connect(T1.outPort, on.inPort[1]); connect(on.outPort[1], T2.inPort); connect(T2.outPort, off.inPort[1]); connect(off.activePort, booToRea2.u); connect(booToRea1.y, y1); connect(booToRea1.u, off.activePort); end WSEControl;

Buildings.Examples.ChillerPlant.BaseClasses.Controls.TrimAndRespond.Sampler

Information

Extends from Modelica.Blocks.Discrete.Sampler (Ideal sampling of continuous signals).

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
Time	samplePeriod		Sample period of component [s]
Time	startTime	0	First sample time instant [s]

Connectors

Type	Name	Description
input RealInput	u	Continuous input signal
output RealOutput	y	Continuous output signal

Modelica definition

block Sampler extends Modelica.Blocks.Discrete.Sampler( firstTrigger(start=false, fixed=true)); end Sampler;

Buildings.Examples.ChillerPlant.BaseClasses.Controls.TrimAndRespond.UnitDelay

Information

Extends from Modelica.Blocks.Discrete.UnitDelay (Unit Delay Block).

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
Real	y_start	0	Initial value of output signal
Time	samplePeriod		Sample period of component [s]
Time	startTime	0	First sample time instant [s]

Connectors

Type	Name	Description
input RealInput	u	Continuous input signal
output RealOutput	y	Continuous output signal

Modelica definition

block UnitDelay extends Modelica.Blocks.Discrete.UnitDelay( firstTrigger(start=false, fixed=true)); end UnitDelay;

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