Library logo

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation

Collection of validation models

Information

This package contains validation models for the classes in Buildings.Fluid.Movers.

Note that most validation models contain simple input data which may not be realistic, but for which the correct output can be obtained through an analytic solution. The examples plot various outputs, which have been verified against these solutions. These model outputs are stored as reference data and used for continuous validation whenever models in the library change.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.ExamplesPackage (Icon for packages containing runnable examples).

Package Content

Name Description
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.ComparePowerHydraulic ComparePowerHydraulic Compare power estimation with hydraulic power curve
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.ComparePowerInput ComparePowerInput Compare power estimation with different input signal
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.ComparePowerTotal ComparePowerTotal Compare power estimation with total power curve
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.ControlledFlowMachine ControlledFlowMachine Fans with different control signals as input
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.ControlledFlowMachineDynamic ControlledFlowMachineDynamic Fans with different control signals as input and a dynamic speed signal
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.FlowControlled_dp FlowControlled_dp Fan with zero mass flow rate and head as input
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.FlowControlled_dpSystem FlowControlled_dpSystem Demonstration of the use of prescribedPressure
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.FlowControlled_m_flow FlowControlled_m_flow Fan with zero mass flow rate and mass flow rate as input
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.PressureCurve PressureCurve Displays the pressure curve of the mover
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.PumpCurveConstruction PumpCurveConstruction Validation model that tests that the pump curve is properly extrapolated to V=0 and dp=0
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.PumpCurveDerivatives PumpCurveDerivatives Check for monotoneously increasing pump curve relations between y, dp and m_flow
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.Pump_stratos Pump_stratos Stratos pumps with speed as input
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.Pump_y_stratos Pump_y_stratos Model validation using a Wilo Stratos 80/1-12 pump
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.SpeedControlled_y SpeedControlled_y Fan with zero mass flow rate and control signal y as input
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.SpeedControlled_y_linear SpeedControlled_y_linear Pump with linear characteristic for pressure vs. flow rate
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.BaseClasses BaseClasses Package with base classes for Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.ComparePowerHydraulic Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.ComparePowerHydraulic

Compare power estimation with hydraulic power curve

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.ComparePowerHydraulic

Information

The purpose of this validation is two-fold.

First, it validates that efficiency computation is implemented correctly for per.powerOrEfficiencyIsHydraulic=true. The results should show that η = ηhyd ηmot holds.

Second, it compares the power estimation results using different selections of per.etaHydMet.

The three methods agree with each other when the three fans operate at different speeds under constant system condition. Their power estimates diverge when the damper closes and the system curve is changed. The Euler number method was able to produce results close to the power curves and maintained positive power consumption as the flow rate approached zero. However, the constant efficiency assumption was not able to capture this characteristic.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples), Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.BaseClasses.ComparePower (Base class for validation models that compare power estimation methods).

Parameters

TypeNameDefaultDescription
MassFlowRatem_flow_nominalper.peak.V_flow*rho_defaultNominal mass flow rate [kg/s]
PressureDifferencedp_nominalper.peak.dpNominal pressure drop [Pa]

Modelica definition

model ComparePowerHydraulic "Compare power estimation with hydraulic power curve" extends Modelica.Icons.Example; extends Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.BaseClasses.ComparePower( redeclare replaceable Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Data.Fans.Greenheck.BIDW15 per( etaMotMet=Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.Types.MotorEfficiencyMethod.Efficiency_VolumeFlowRate, motorEfficiency(V_flow={0}, eta={0.7})) constrainedby Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Data.Generic, redeclare Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_y mov1( redeclare final package Medium = Medium, per=per, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState, addPowerToMedium=false, use_riseTime=false), redeclare Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_y mov2( redeclare final package Medium = Medium, per( powerOrEfficiencyIsHydraulic=per.powerOrEfficiencyIsHydraulic, pressure=per.pressure, etaHydMet=Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.Types.HydraulicEfficiencyMethod.EulerNumber, peak=peak, etaMotMet=per.etaMotMet), energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState, addPowerToMedium=false, use_riseTime=false), redeclare Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_y mov3( redeclare final package Medium = Medium, per( powerOrEfficiencyIsHydraulic=per.powerOrEfficiencyIsHydraulic, pressure=per.pressure, etaHydMet=Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.Types.HydraulicEfficiencyMethod.Efficiency_VolumeFlowRate, efficiency(V_flow={peak.V_flow}, eta={peak.eta}), etaMotMet=per.etaMotMet), energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState, addPowerToMedium=false, use_riseTime=false)); final parameter Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.Euler.peak peak = Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.Euler.getPeak( pressure=per.pressure, power=per.power) "Peak operating point"; equation connect(ramSpe.y, mov2.y); connect(ramSpe.y, mov3.y); connect(ramSpe.y, mov1.y); end ComparePowerHydraulic;

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.ComparePowerInput Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.ComparePowerInput

Compare power estimation with different input signal

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.ComparePowerInput

Information

This validation model is similar to Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.ComparePowerHydraulic. It demonstrates that the mover models with different input signals should produce the same power computation results.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples), Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.BaseClasses.ComparePower (Base class for validation models that compare power estimation methods).

Parameters

TypeNameDefaultDescription
MassFlowRatem_flow_nominalper.peak.V_flow*rho_defaultNominal mass flow rate [kg/s]
PressureDifferencedp_nominalper.peak.dpNominal pressure drop [Pa]

Modelica definition

model ComparePowerInput "Compare power estimation with different input signal" extends Modelica.Icons.Example; extends Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.BaseClasses.ComparePower( redeclare Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Data.Fans.Greenheck.BIDW15 per( etaMotMet=Buildings.Fluid.Movers.BaseClasses.Types.MotorEfficiencyMethod.Efficiency_VolumeFlowRate, motorEfficiency(V_flow={0}, eta={0.7})), redeclare Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_y mov1( redeclare final package Medium = Medium, per=per, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState, addPowerToMedium=false, use_riseTime=false), redeclare Buildings.Fluid.Movers.FlowControlled_dp mov2( redeclare final package Medium = Medium, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState, per=per, addPowerToMedium=false, m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal, dp_nominal=dp_nominal, use_riseTime=false), redeclare Buildings.Fluid.Movers.FlowControlled_m_flow mov3( redeclare final package Medium = Medium, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState, per=per, addPowerToMedium=false, m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal, dp_nominal=dp_nominal, use_riseTime=false), ramDam(height=-0.5)); Modelica.Blocks.Sources.RealExpression exp_dp(y=mov1.dpMachine) "Expression to impose the same pressure rise"; Modelica.Blocks.Sources.RealExpression exp_m_flow(y=mov1.m_flow) "Expression to impose the same mass flow rate"; equation connect(exp_dp.y, mov2.dp_in); connect(exp_m_flow.y, mov3.m_flow_in); connect(ramSpe.y, mov1.y); end ComparePowerInput;

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.ComparePowerTotal Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.ComparePowerTotal

Compare power estimation with total power curve

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.ComparePowerTotal

Information

This validation model is similar to Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.ComparePowerHydraulic, with the difference being the fan components are replaced with pump components with per.powerOrEfficiencyIsHydraulic=false.

Extends from Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.ComparePowerHydraulic (Compare power estimation with hydraulic power curve).

Parameters

TypeNameDefaultDescription
MassFlowRatem_flow_nominalper.peak.V_flow*rho_defaultNominal mass flow rate [kg/s]
PressureDifferencedp_nominalper.peak.dpNominal pressure drop [Pa]

Modelica definition

model ComparePowerTotal "Compare power estimation with total power curve" extends Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.ComparePowerHydraulic( redeclare Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Data.Pumps.Wilo.Stratos40slash1to12 per); end ComparePowerTotal;

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.ControlledFlowMachine Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.ControlledFlowMachine

Fans with different control signals as input

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.ControlledFlowMachine

Information

This example demonstrates the use of the flow model with four different configurations. At steady-state, all flow models have the same mass flow rate and pressure difference. Note that addPowerToMedium=false since otherwise, Dymola computes the enthalpy change of the component as a fraction (k*m_flow+P_internal)/m_flow which leads to an error because of 0/0 at zero flow rate.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples), Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.BaseClasses.ControlledFlowMachine.

Modelica definition

model ControlledFlowMachine "Fans with different control signals as input" extends Modelica.Icons.Example; extends Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.BaseClasses.ControlledFlowMachine( fan1(addPowerToMedium=false, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.FixedInitial), fan2( addPowerToMedium=false, use_riseTime=false, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.FixedInitial), fan3( addPowerToMedium=false, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.FixedInitial, use_riseTime=false)); end ControlledFlowMachine;

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.ControlledFlowMachineDynamic Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.ControlledFlowMachineDynamic

Fans with different control signals as input and a dynamic speed signal

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.ControlledFlowMachineDynamic

Information

This example demonstrates the use of the flow model with four different configurations. At steady-state, all flow models have the same mass flow rate and pressure difference.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples), Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.BaseClasses.ControlledFlowMachine.

Modelica definition

model ControlledFlowMachineDynamic "Fans with different control signals as input and a dynamic speed signal" extends Modelica.Icons.Example; extends Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.BaseClasses.ControlledFlowMachine( fan1(energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.FixedInitial), fan2(energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.FixedInitial), fan3(energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.FixedInitial)); end ControlledFlowMachineDynamic;

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.FlowControlled_dp Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.FlowControlled_dp

Fan with zero mass flow rate and head as input

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.FlowControlled_dp

Information

This example demonstrates and tests the use of a flow machine whose mass flow rate is reduced to zero.

The fans have been configured as steady-state models. This ensures that the actual speed is equal to the input signal.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples), Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.BaseClasses.FlowMachine_ZeroFlow (Base class to test flow machines with zero flow rate).

Parameters

TypeNameDefaultDescription
replaceable package MediumAirMedium model
MassFlowRatem_flow_nominal1Nominal mass flow rate [kg/s]
PressureDifferencedp_nominal500Nominal pressure difference [Pa]

Modelica definition

model FlowControlled_dp "Fan with zero mass flow rate and head as input" extends Modelica.Icons.Example; extends Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.BaseClasses.FlowMachine_ZeroFlow( gain(k=dp_nominal), redeclare Buildings.Fluid.Movers.FlowControlled_dp floMacSta( nominalValuesDefineDefaultPressureCurve=true, redeclare package Medium = Medium, m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState, use_riseTime=false), redeclare Buildings.Fluid.Movers.FlowControlled_dp floMacDyn( nominalValuesDefineDefaultPressureCurve=true, redeclare package Medium = Medium, m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.FixedInitial, use_riseTime=false)); equation connect(gain.y, floMacSta.dp_in); connect(gain.y, floMacDyn.dp_in); end FlowControlled_dp;

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.FlowControlled_dpSystem Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.FlowControlled_dpSystem

Demonstration of the use of prescribedPressure

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.FlowControlled_dpSystem

Information

This example demonstrates and tests the use of Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.FlowControlled_dp movers that use parameter prescribeSystemPressure.

The mass flow rates and actual pressure heads of the two configurations are compared.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Parameters

TypeNameDefaultDescription
MassFlowRatem_flow_nominal0.1Nominal mass flow rate [kg/s]
PressureDifferencedp_nominal100Nominal pressure difference [Pa]

Modelica definition

model FlowControlled_dpSystem "Demonstration of the use of prescribedPressure" extends Modelica.Icons.Example; package Medium = Buildings.Media.Air; parameter Modelica.Units.SI.MassFlowRate m_flow_nominal=0.1 "Nominal mass flow rate"; parameter Modelica.Units.SI.PressureDifference dp_nominal=100 "Nominal pressure difference"; Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Ramp y( duration=0.5, startTime=0.25, height=-dp_nominal, offset=dp_nominal) "Input signal"; Sources.Boundary_pT sou( redeclare package Medium = Medium, nPorts=2) "Source"; Buildings.Fluid.Movers.FlowControlled_dp floConDp( redeclare package Medium = Medium, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState, allowFlowReversal=false, nominalValuesDefineDefaultPressureCurve=true, m_flow_nominal=1, use_riseTime=false) "Regular dp controlled fan"; Buildings.Fluid.Movers.FlowControlled_dp floConDpSystem( redeclare package Medium = Medium, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState, allowFlowReversal=false, nominalValuesDefineDefaultPressureCurve=true, m_flow_nominal=1, use_riseTime=false, prescribeSystemPressure=true) "Dp controlled fan that sets pressure difference at remote point in the system"; Buildings.Fluid.FixedResistances.PressureDrop heaCoi2( redeclare package Medium = Medium, m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal, dp_nominal=dp_nominal/2) "Heating coil pressure drop"; Sensors.RelativePressure senRelPre(redeclare package Medium = Medium) "Pressure difference across air system"; Sources.Boundary_pT sin( redeclare package Medium = Medium, nPorts=4) "Sink"; MixingVolumes.MixingVolume zone2( redeclare package Medium = Medium, V=50, m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal, nPorts=2, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.FixedInitial) "Mixing volume"; Buildings.Fluid.FixedResistances.PressureDrop heaCoi1( redeclare package Medium = Medium, m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal, dp_nominal=dp_nominal/2) "Heating coil pressure drop"; Actuators.Dampers.Exponential dam2( redeclare package Medium = Medium, from_dp=true, use_strokeTime=false, dpDamper_nominal=10, m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal/2) "Damper"; MixingVolumes.MixingVolume zone1( redeclare package Medium = Medium, V=50, m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal, nPorts=2, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.FixedInitial) "Mixing volume"; Actuators.Dampers.Exponential dam1( redeclare package Medium = Medium, from_dp=true, use_strokeTime=false, dpDamper_nominal=10, m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal/2) "Damper"; Actuators.Dampers.Exponential dam3( redeclare package Medium = Medium, from_dp=true, use_strokeTime=false, dpDamper_nominal=10, m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal/2) "Damper"; Actuators.Dampers.Exponential dam4( redeclare package Medium = Medium, from_dp=true, use_strokeTime=false, dpDamper_nominal=10, m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal/2) "Damper"; MixingVolumes.MixingVolume zone3( redeclare package Medium = Medium, V=50, m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal, nPorts=3, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.FixedInitial) "Mixing volume"; MixingVolumes.MixingVolume zone4( redeclare package Medium = Medium, V=50, m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal, nPorts=2, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.FixedInitial) "Mixing volume"; Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Ramp y1( duration=0.5, height=1, offset=0, startTime=0) "Input signal"; Buildings.Fluid.FixedResistances.PressureDrop duct3( redeclare package Medium = Medium, dp_nominal=dp_nominal/2, m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal/2) "Duct pressure drop"; Buildings.Fluid.FixedResistances.PressureDrop duct4( redeclare package Medium = Medium, dp_nominal=dp_nominal/2, m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal/2) "Duct pressure drop"; Buildings.Fluid.FixedResistances.PressureDrop duct1( redeclare package Medium = Medium, dp_nominal=dp_nominal/2, m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal/2) "Duct pressure drop"; Buildings.Fluid.FixedResistances.PressureDrop duct2( redeclare package Medium = Medium, dp_nominal=dp_nominal/2, m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal/2) "Duct pressure drop"; equation connect(y.y, floConDp.dp_in); connect(y.y, floConDpSystem.dp_in); connect(zone2.ports[1], sin.ports[1]); connect(senRelPre.p_rel, floConDpSystem.dpMea); connect(floConDp.port_a, sou.ports[1]); connect(floConDpSystem.port_a, sou.ports[2]); connect(zone1.ports[1], sin.ports[2]); connect(heaCoi1.port_a, floConDp.port_b); connect(heaCoi2.port_a, floConDpSystem.port_b); connect(dam2.port_b, zone1.ports[2]); connect(dam1.port_b, zone2.ports[2]); connect(zone3.ports[1], sin.ports[3]); connect(zone4.ports[1], sin.ports[4]); connect(dam3.port_b, zone3.ports[2]); connect(zone4.ports[2], dam4.port_b); connect(y1.y, dam2.y); connect(senRelPre.port_b, zone3.ports[3]); connect(senRelPre.port_a, heaCoi2.port_b); connect(duct3.port_b, dam3.port_a); connect(duct4.port_b, dam4.port_a); connect(duct2.port_a, heaCoi1.port_b); connect(heaCoi1.port_b, duct1.port_a); connect(duct1.port_b, dam2.port_a); connect(duct2.port_b, dam1.port_a); connect(duct3.port_a, heaCoi2.port_b); connect(duct4.port_a, heaCoi2.port_b); connect(y1.y, dam1.y); connect(y1.y, dam3.y); connect(y1.y, dam4.y); end FlowControlled_dpSystem;

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.FlowControlled_m_flow Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.FlowControlled_m_flow

Fan with zero mass flow rate and mass flow rate as input

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.FlowControlled_m_flow

Information

This example demonstrates and tests the use of a flow machine whose mass flow rate is reduced to zero.

The fans have been configured as steady-state models. This ensures that the actual speed is equal to the input signal.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples), Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.BaseClasses.FlowMachine_ZeroFlow (Base class to test flow machines with zero flow rate).

Parameters

TypeNameDefaultDescription
replaceable package MediumAirMedium model
MassFlowRatem_flow_nominal1Nominal mass flow rate [kg/s]
PressureDifferencedp_nominal500Nominal pressure difference [Pa]

Modelica definition

model FlowControlled_m_flow "Fan with zero mass flow rate and mass flow rate as input" extends Modelica.Icons.Example; extends Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.BaseClasses.FlowMachine_ZeroFlow( gain(k=m_flow_nominal), redeclare Buildings.Fluid.Movers.FlowControlled_m_flow floMacSta( nominalValuesDefineDefaultPressureCurve=true, redeclare package Medium = Medium, m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState, use_riseTime=false), redeclare Buildings.Fluid.Movers.FlowControlled_m_flow floMacDyn( nominalValuesDefineDefaultPressureCurve=true, redeclare package Medium = Medium, m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal, energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.FixedInitial, use_riseTime=false)); equation connect(gain.y, floMacSta.m_flow_in); connect(gain.y, floMacDyn.m_flow_in); end FlowControlled_m_flow;

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.PressureCurve Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.PressureCurve

Displays the pressure curve of the mover

Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.PressureCurve

Information




This model validates the pressure curve that is specified in the instance per
and provided to the mover.




Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).


Parameters




TypeNameDefaultDescription


Densityrho_defaultMedium.density_pTX(p=Medium....Default medium density [kg/m3]


Genericperper(pressure(V_flow={0.94541...Performance data




Modelica definition


model PressureCurve "Displays the pressure curve of the mover"
  extends Modelica.Icons.Example;

  package Medium = Buildings.Media.Air "Medium model";

  parameter Modelica.Units.SI.Density rho_default=
    Medium.density_pTX(
      p=Medium.p_default,
      T=Medium.T_default,
      X=Medium.X_default) "Default medium density";
  parameter Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Data.Generic per(
    pressure(V_flow={0.945419103313839, 2.83300844704353, 4.71734892787522},
                 dp={ 3010.50788091068, 2632.22416812609, 830.122591943958}))
    "Performance data";

  Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_y mov(
    redeclare final package Medium = Medium,
    energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState,
    per=per,
    addPowerToMedium=false,
    y_start=1) "Mover";
  Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Constant one(final k=1) "Constant one";
  Buildings.Fluid.Sources.MassFlowSource_T bou1(
    redeclare final package Medium = Medium,
    final use_m_flow_in=true,
    nPorts=1) "Boundary that forces a mass flow rate";
  Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Ramp ram(
    height=per.V_flow_max*rho_default,
    duration=1,
    offset=0) "Ramp signal";
  Buildings.Fluid.Sources.Boundary_pT bou2(
    redeclare final package Medium = Medium,
    nPorts=1) "Boundary";

equation 
  connect(one.y, mov.y);
  connect(ram.y, bou1.m_flow_in);
  connect(bou1.ports[1], mov.port_a);
  connect(mov.port_b, bou2.ports[1]);
end PressureCurve;







Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.PumpCurveConstruction
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.PumpCurveConstruction



Validation model that tests that the pump curve is properly extrapolated to V=0 and dp=0



Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.PumpCurveConstruction



Information




This example tests whether the construction of the pump curve is correct implemented
for the cases where no data point is given at zero head, zero mass flow rate, or both.




Each pump is identical, but different points on the pump curve are specified.
However, the pump curves are linear and hence, because the pump curves are linearly
extrapolated, all four pumps need to give the same flow rate.



Implementation



The pump curves are such that the protected parameter curve
of the pumps have different values. This then tests the correct extrapolation.




Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).


Parameters




TypeNameDefaultDescription


MassFlowRatem_flow_nominal1Nominal mass flow rate at zero pump head [kg/s]


VolumeFlowRateV_flow_nominalm_flow_nominal/1000Nominal mass flow rate at zero pump head [m3/s]


PressureDifferencedp_nominal10000Nominal pump head at zero mass flow rate [Pa]




Modelica definition


model PumpCurveConstruction
  "Validation model that tests that the pump curve is properly extrapolated to V=0 and dp=0"
  extends Modelica.Icons.Example;

  package Medium = Buildings.Media.Water "Medium model";

  parameter Modelica.Units.SI.MassFlowRate m_flow_nominal=1
    "Nominal mass flow rate at zero pump head";
  parameter Modelica.Units.SI.VolumeFlowRate V_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal/1000
    "Nominal mass flow rate at zero pump head";

  parameter Modelica.Units.SI.PressureDifference dp_nominal=10000
    "Nominal pump head at zero mass flow rate";

  Sources.Boundary_pT sou(
    redeclare package Medium = Medium,
    use_p_in=false,
    nPorts=8,
    p=101325,
    T=293.15) "Pressure boundary condition";

  Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_y pum(
    redeclare package Medium = Medium,
    energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState,
    use_riseTime=false,
    per(pressure(V_flow={0,0.5*V_flow_nominal,V_flow_nominal}, dp={dp_nominal,
            0.5*dp_nominal,0})),
    inputType=Buildings.Fluid.Types.InputType.Constant)
    "Pump with 3 data points for the pressure flow relation";

  Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_y pum_dp(
    redeclare package Medium = Medium,
    energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState,
    use_riseTime=false,
    per(pressure(V_flow={0.5*V_flow_nominal,0.75*V_flow_nominal,V_flow_nominal},
          dp={0.5*dp_nominal,0.25*dp_nominal,0})),
    inputType=Buildings.Fluid.Types.InputType.Constant)
    "Pump with 2 data points for the pressure flow relation, with data at dp=0";

  Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_y pum_m_flow(
    redeclare package Medium = Medium,
    energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState,
    use_riseTime=false,
    per(pressure(V_flow={0,0.25*V_flow_nominal,0.5*V_flow_nominal}, dp={
            dp_nominal,0.75*dp_nominal,0.5*dp_nominal})),
    inputType=Buildings.Fluid.Types.InputType.Constant)
    "Pump with 2 data points for the pressure flow relation, with data at m_flow=0";

  Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_y pum_no(
    redeclare package Medium = Medium,
    energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState,
    use_riseTime=false,
    per(pressure(V_flow={0.25*V_flow_nominal,0.5*V_flow_nominal,0.75*
            V_flow_nominal}, dp={0.75*dp_nominal,0.5*dp_nominal,0.25*dp_nominal})),
    inputType=Buildings.Fluid.Types.InputType.Constant)
    "Pump with 2 data points for the pressure flow relation, with no data at m_flow=0 and dp=0";

  Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Ramp yVal(
    duration=1,
    offset=1,
    height=-0.99) "Input signal for valve";

  Actuators.Valves.TwoWayLinear val1(
    redeclare package Medium = Medium,
    m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal,
    use_strokeTime=false,
    dpValve_nominal=dp_nominal/1000,
    from_dp=false) "Valve with very small pressure drop if fully open";

  Actuators.Valves.TwoWayLinear val2(
    redeclare package Medium = Medium,
    m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal,
    use_strokeTime=false,
    dpValve_nominal=dp_nominal/1000,
    from_dp=false) "Valve with very small pressure drop if fully open";

  Actuators.Valves.TwoWayLinear val3(
    redeclare package Medium = Medium,
    m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal,
    use_strokeTime=false,
    dpValve_nominal=dp_nominal/1000,
    from_dp=false) "Valve with very small pressure drop if fully open";

  Actuators.Valves.TwoWayLinear val4(
    redeclare package Medium = Medium,
    m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal,
    use_strokeTime=false,
    dpValve_nominal=dp_nominal/1000,
    from_dp=false) "Valve with very small pressure drop if fully open";

equation 
  connect(pum.port_a, val1.port_b);
  connect(val1.port_a, sou.ports[1]);
  connect(yVal.y, val1.y);
  connect(pum_dp.port_a, val2.port_b);
  connect(pum_m_flow.port_a, val3.port_b);
  connect(sou.ports[2], val2.port_a);
  connect(val3.port_a, sou.ports[3]);
  connect(yVal.y, val2.y);
  connect(yVal.y, val3.y);

  connect(val4.port_a, sou.ports[4]);
  connect(val4.port_b, pum_no.port_a);
  connect(yVal.y, val4.y);
  connect(pum_no.port_b, sou.ports[5]);
  connect(pum_m_flow.port_b, sou.ports[6]);
  connect(pum_dp.port_b, sou.ports[7]);
  connect(pum.port_b, sou.ports[8]);
end PumpCurveConstruction;







Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.PumpCurveDerivatives
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.PumpCurveDerivatives



Check for monotoneously increasing pump curve relations between y, dp and m_flow



Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.PumpCurveDerivatives



Information




This example checks if the pump similarity law implementation results in
monotoneously increasing or decreasing relations between dp,
m_flow and y.




Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).


Parameters




TypeNameDefaultDescription


Stratos80slash1to12per Pump performance data




Modelica definition


model PumpCurveDerivatives
  "Check for monotoneously increasing pump curve relations between y, dp and m_flow"
  extends Modelica.Icons.Example;
  package Medium = Modelica.Media.Water.ConstantPropertyLiquidWater;

  parameter Data.Pumps.Wilo.Stratos80slash1to12 per "Pump performance data";

  Buildings.Fluid.Sources.Boundary_pT sou(
    redeclare package Medium = Medium,
    nPorts=2) "Boundary condition with fixed pressure";

  Buildings.Fluid.Sources.Boundary_pT sin(
    redeclare package Medium =Medium,
    nPorts=2) "Boundary condition with fixed pressure";

  Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Ramp m_flow(
    height=60/3.6,
    offset=0,
    duration=1,
    startTime=0) "Ramp signal for forced mass flow rate";

  Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_y pump1(
    y_start=1,
    redeclare package Medium = Medium,
    energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState,
    per=per,
    use_riseTime=false) "Wilo Stratos pump";
  Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_y pump2(
    y_start=1,
    redeclare package Medium = Medium,
    energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState,
    per=per,
    use_riseTime=false) "Wilo Stratos pump";

  Buildings.Fluid.Movers.FlowControlled_m_flow forcedPump1(
    redeclare package Medium = Medium,
    nominalValuesDefineDefaultPressureCurve=true,
    m_flow_nominal=3,
    energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState,
    use_riseTime=false) "Pump for forcing a certain mass flow rate";

  Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Constant y1(k=1000/2610) "Pump speed control signal";

  Modelica.Blocks.Math.Min min1
    "Minimum for not going outside of the figure range (see documentation)";

  Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Constant mMax_flow(k=40/3.6)
    "Maximum flow rate of the pump at given speed";

  FixedResistances.PressureDrop res(
    redeclare package Medium = Medium,
    m_flow_nominal=40/3.6,
    dp_nominal=7e4) "Pressure drop component";
  Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Ramp y2(
    duration=1,
    startTime=0,
    height=100/2610,
    offset=0) "Ramp signal for speed";
  Sensors.RelativePressure relPre(redeclare package Medium =
        Medium);
  Modelica.Blocks.Continuous.Derivative ddp_dm_flow(
    initType=Modelica.Blocks.Types.Init.InitialState,
    x_start=-11502.5)
    "Derivative of dp for changing m_flow";
  Buildings.Fluid.Sensors.RelativePressure relPre1(
    redeclare package Medium = Medium);
  Modelica.Blocks.Continuous.Derivative ddp_dy(initType=Modelica.Blocks.Types.Init.InitialState)
    "Derivative of dp for changing speed";
  Sensors.MassFlowRate senMasFlo(redeclare package Medium = Medium)
    "Mass flow rate sensor";
  Modelica.Blocks.Continuous.Derivative dm_flow_dy(initType=Modelica.Blocks.Types.Init.InitialState)
    "Derivative of m_flow for changing speed";
equation 
  connect(sou.ports[1], pump1.port_a);
  connect(forcedPump1.port_a, pump1.port_b);
  connect(pump1.y, y1.y);
  connect(pump2.port_a, sou.ports[2]);

  connect(forcedPump1.m_flow_in, min1.y);
  connect(min1.u1, m_flow.y);
  connect(mMax_flow.y, min1.u2);
  connect(forcedPump1.port_b, sin.ports[1]);

  connect(res.port_b, sin.ports[2]);
  connect(y2.y, pump2.y);
  connect(ddp_dm_flow.u, relPre.p_rel);
  connect(relPre1.port_b, pump2.port_a);
  connect(relPre1.port_a, pump2.port_b);
  connect(ddp_dy.u, relPre1.p_rel);
  connect(senMasFlo.port_a, pump2.port_b);
  connect(senMasFlo.port_b, res.port_a);
  connect(senMasFlo.m_flow, dm_flow_dy.u);
  connect(relPre.port_b, pump1.port_b);
  connect(relPre.port_a, pump1.port_a);
end PumpCurveDerivatives;







Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.Pump_stratos
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.Pump_stratos



Stratos pumps with speed as input



Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.Pump_stratos



Information



This example demonstrates and tests the use of a flow machine that uses
a performance data from a Stratos pump.



Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples), Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.BaseClasses.FlowMachine_ZeroFlow (Base class to test flow machines with zero flow rate).


Parameters




TypeNameDefaultDescription


replaceable package MediumAirMedium model


MassFlowRatem_flow_nominalfloMacSta.per.pressure.V_flo...Nominal mass flow rate [kg/s]


PressureDifferencedp_nominalfloMacSta.per.pressure.dp[3]/2Nominal pressure difference [Pa]


Stratos25slash1to6per  




Connectors




TypeNameDescription


replaceable package MediumMedium model




Modelica definition


model Pump_stratos "Stratos pumps with speed as input"
  extends Modelica.Icons.Example;
 extends Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.BaseClasses.FlowMachine_ZeroFlow(
    redeclare package Medium = Buildings.Media.Water,
    gain(k=1),
    m_flow_nominal=floMacSta.per.pressure.V_flow[3]*1000,
    dp_nominal=floMacSta.per.pressure.dp[3]/2,
    redeclare Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_y floMacSta(
      redeclare package Medium = Medium,
      per=per,
      use_riseTime=false),
    redeclare Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_y floMacDyn(
      redeclare package Medium = Medium,
      per=per,
      use_riseTime=false));
  parameter Data.Pumps.Wilo.Stratos25slash1to6 per;
equation 
  connect(gain.y, floMacSta.y);
  connect(gain.y, floMacDyn.y);

end Pump_stratos;







Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.Pump_y_stratos
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.Pump_y_stratos



Model validation using a Wilo Stratos 80/1-12 pump



Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.Pump_y_stratos



Information



This example provides a validation for the speed-controlled model.
A Wilo Stratos 80/1-12 pump is simulated for five different speeds for load
that changes with time.
The resulting curves for the pump head and mass flow rate are plotted
using colored lines over the pump data sheet.
The resulting figures are shown below.



Pump heads:


Pump head.



Pump electrical power:


Pump power.


The figures are adapted from the

Wilo Stratos 80/1-12 data sheet.




Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).


Parameters




TypeNameDefaultDescription


Stratos80slash1to12per Pump performance data




Modelica definition


model Pump_y_stratos "Model validation using a Wilo Stratos 80/1-12 pump"
  extends Modelica.Icons.Example;
  package Medium = Modelica.Media.Water.ConstantPropertyLiquidWater;

  parameter Data.Pumps.Wilo.Stratos80slash1to12 per "Pump performance data";

  Buildings.Fluid.Sources.Boundary_pT sou(
    redeclare package Medium = Medium,
    nPorts=5) "Boundary condition with fixed pressure";

  Buildings.Fluid.Sources.Boundary_pT sin(
    redeclare package Medium =Medium,
    nPorts=5) "Boundary condition with fixed pressure";

  Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Ramp m_flow(
    startTime=100,
    duration=800,
    height=60/3.6,
    offset=0) "Ramp signal for forced mass flow rate";

  Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_y pump1(
    y_start=1,
    redeclare package Medium = Medium,
    energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState,
    per=per) "Wilo Stratos pump";
  Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_y pump2(
    y_start=1,
    redeclare package Medium = Medium,
    energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState,
    per=per) "Wilo Stratos pump";
  Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_y pump3(
    y_start=1,
    redeclare package Medium = Medium,
    energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState,
    per=per) "Wilo Stratos pump";
  Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_y pump4(
    y_start=1,
    redeclare package Medium = Medium,
    energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState,
    per=per) "Wilo Stratos pump";
  Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_y pump5(
    y_start=1,
    redeclare package Medium = Medium,
    energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState,
    per=per) "Wilo Stratos pump";

  Buildings.Fluid.Movers.FlowControlled_m_flow forcedPump1(
    redeclare package Medium = Medium,
    nominalValuesDefineDefaultPressureCurve=true,
    m_flow_nominal=3,
    energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState)
    "Pump for forcing a certain mass flow rate";
  Buildings.Fluid.Movers.FlowControlled_m_flow forcedPump2(
    redeclare package Medium = Medium,
    nominalValuesDefineDefaultPressureCurve=true,
    m_flow_nominal=3,
    energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState)
    "Pump for forcing a certain mass flow rate";
  Buildings.Fluid.Movers.FlowControlled_m_flow forcedPump3(
    redeclare package Medium = Medium,
    nominalValuesDefineDefaultPressureCurve=true,
    m_flow_nominal=3,
    energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState)
    "Pump for forcing a certain mass flow rate";
  Buildings.Fluid.Movers.FlowControlled_m_flow forcedPump4(
    redeclare package Medium = Medium,
    nominalValuesDefineDefaultPressureCurve=true,
    m_flow_nominal=3,
    energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState)
    "Pump for forcing a certain mass flow rate";
  Buildings.Fluid.Movers.FlowControlled_m_flow forcedPump5(
    redeclare package Medium = Medium,
    nominalValuesDefineDefaultPressureCurve=true,
    m_flow_nominal=3,
    energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState)
    "Pump for forcing a certain mass flow rate";

  Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Constant y1(k=2960/2610) "Pump speed control signal";
  Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Constant y2(k=2610/2610) "Pump speed control signal";
  Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Constant y3(k=1930/2610) "Pump speed control signal";
  Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Constant y4(k=3300/2610) "Pump speed control signal";
  Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Constant y5(k=900/2610) "Pump speed control signal";

  Modelica.Blocks.Math.Min min1
    "Minimum for not going outside of the figure range (see documentation)";
  Modelica.Blocks.Math.Min min2
    "Minimum for not going outside of the figure range (see documentation)";
  Modelica.Blocks.Math.Min min3
    "Minimum for not going outside of the figure range (see documentation)";
  Modelica.Blocks.Math.Min min4
    "Minimum for not going outside of the figure range (see documentation)";
  Modelica.Blocks.Math.Min min5
    "Minimum for not going outside of the figure range (see documentation)";

  Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Constant mMax_flow1(k=40/3.6)
    "Maximum flow rate of the pump at given speed";
  Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Constant mMax_flow2(k=55/3.6)
    "Maximum flow rate of the pump at given speed";
  Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Constant mMax_flow3(k=40/3.6)
    "Maximum flow rate of the pump at given speed";
  Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Constant mMax_flow4(k=22/3.6)
    "Maximum flow rate of the pump at given speed";
  Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Constant mMax_flow5(k=16/3.6)
    "Maximum flow rate of the pump at given speed";

equation 
  connect(sou.ports[1], pump1.port_a);
  connect(forcedPump1.port_a, pump1.port_b);
  connect(pump1.y, y1.y);
  connect(pump2.port_a, sou.ports[2]);
  connect(pump3.port_a, sou.ports[3]);
  connect(pump4.port_a, sou.ports[4]);

  connect(pump5.port_a, sou.ports[5]);
  connect(pump2.port_b, forcedPump2.port_a);
  connect(pump3.port_b, forcedPump3.port_a);
  connect(pump4.port_b, forcedPump4.port_a);
  connect(pump5.port_b, forcedPump5.port_a);
  connect(y2.y, pump2.y);
  connect(y3.y, pump3.y);
  connect(y4.y, pump4.y);
  connect(y5.y, pump5.y);
  connect(forcedPump1.m_flow_in, min1.y);
  connect(min1.u1, m_flow.y);
  connect(min2.y, forcedPump2.m_flow_in);
  connect(min2.u1, m_flow.y);
  connect(min3.y, forcedPump3.m_flow_in);
  connect(min5.y, forcedPump5.m_flow_in);
  connect(min4.y, forcedPump4.m_flow_in);
  connect(min3.u1, m_flow.y);
  connect(min4.u1, m_flow.y);
  connect(min5.u1, m_flow.y);
  connect(mMax_flow1.y, min1.u2);
  connect(mMax_flow2.y, min2.u2);
  connect(min3.u2, mMax_flow3.y);
  connect(mMax_flow4.y, min4.u2);
  connect(mMax_flow5.y, min5.u2);
  connect(forcedPump1.port_b, sin.ports[1]);
  connect(forcedPump2.port_b, sin.ports[2]);
  connect(forcedPump3.port_b, sin.ports[3]);
  connect(forcedPump4.port_b, sin.ports[4]);
  connect(forcedPump5.port_b, sin.ports[5]);

end Pump_y_stratos;







Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.SpeedControlled_y
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.SpeedControlled_y



Fan with zero mass flow rate and control signal y as input



Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.SpeedControlled_y



Information




This example demonstrates and tests the use of a flow machine whose mass flow rate is reduced to zero.




The fans have been configured as steady-state models.
This ensures that the actual speed is equal to the input signal.




Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples), Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.BaseClasses.FlowMachine_ZeroFlow (Base class to test flow machines with zero flow rate).


Parameters




TypeNameDefaultDescription


replaceable package MediumAirMedium model


MassFlowRatem_flow_nominal1Nominal mass flow rate [kg/s]


PressureDifferencedp_nominal500Nominal pressure difference [Pa]




Modelica definition


model SpeedControlled_y
  "Fan with zero mass flow rate and control signal y as input"
  extends Modelica.Icons.Example;
 extends Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.BaseClasses.FlowMachine_ZeroFlow(
    gain(k=1),
    redeclare Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_y floMacSta(
      redeclare package Medium = Medium,
      per(pressure(V_flow={0,m_flow_nominal,2*m_flow_nominal}/1.2,
                    dp={2*dp_nominal,dp_nominal,0})),
      energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState,
      use_riseTime=false),
    redeclare Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_y floMacDyn(
      redeclare package Medium = Medium,
      per(pressure(V_flow={0,m_flow_nominal,2*m_flow_nominal}/1.2,
                    dp={2*dp_nominal,dp_nominal,0})),
      energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.FixedInitial,
      use_riseTime=false));

equation 
  connect(gain.y, floMacDyn.y);
  connect(gain.y, floMacSta.y);
end SpeedControlled_y;







Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.SpeedControlled_y_linear
Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.SpeedControlled_y_linear



Pump with linear characteristic for pressure vs. flow rate



Buildings.Fluid.Movers.Validation.SpeedControlled_y_linear



Information




This example demonstrates and tests the use of a flow machine whose speed is reduced to zero.
In the top model, the pressure drop across the pump is constant, and in the bottom model,
the mass flow rate across the pump is constant.
In the top model, a small flow resistance has been added since a pump with zero speed cannot
produce a non-zero pressure raise. For this operating region, the pressure drop ensures that
the model is non-singular.




The fans have been configured as steady-state models.
This ensures that the actual speed is equal to the input signal.




Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).


Parameters




TypeNameDefaultDescription


MassFlowRatem_flow_nominal0.5Nominal mass flow rate [kg/s]


PressureDifferencedp_nominal10000Nominal pressure [Pa]




Modelica definition


model SpeedControlled_y_linear
  "Pump with linear characteristic for pressure vs. flow rate"
  extends Modelica.Icons.Example;
  package Medium = Buildings.Media.Water "Medium model";

  parameter Modelica.Units.SI.MassFlowRate m_flow_nominal=0.5
    "Nominal mass flow rate";
  parameter Modelica.Units.SI.PressureDifference dp_nominal=10000
    "Nominal pressure";

  Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Ramp y(
    offset=1,
    duration=0.5,
    startTime=0.25,
    height=-1) "Input signal";
  Buildings.Fluid.Sources.Boundary_pT sou(
    redeclare package Medium = Medium,
    use_p_in=false,
    p=300000,
    T=293.15,
    nPorts=1);
  Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_y pumFixDp(
    redeclare package Medium = Medium,
    energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState,
    per(pressure(V_flow=2/1000*{0,m_flow_nominal}, dp={2*dp_nominal,0})),
    use_riseTime=false) "Pump with fixed pressure raise";

  Buildings.Fluid.Sources.Boundary_pT sou1(
    redeclare package Medium = Medium,
    use_p_in=false,
    p(displayUnit="Pa") = 300000 + 0.01*dp_nominal,
    T=293.15,
    nPorts=1);
  Buildings.Fluid.FixedResistances.PressureDrop dp1(
    redeclare package Medium = Medium,
    m_flow_nominal=m_flow_nominal,
    dp_nominal=0.01*dp_nominal) "Pressure drop";
  Buildings.Fluid.Sources.MassFlowSource_T sou2(
    redeclare package Medium = Medium,
    nPorts=1,
    m_flow=m_flow_nominal*0.01,
    T=293.15);
  Buildings.Fluid.Movers.SpeedControlled_y pumFixM_flow(
    redeclare package Medium = Medium,
    energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState,
    per(pressure(V_flow=2/1000*{0,m_flow_nominal}, dp={2*dp_nominal,0})),
    use_riseTime=false) "Pump with fixed mass flow rate";
  Buildings.Fluid.Sources.Boundary_pT sou3(
    redeclare package Medium = Medium,
    use_p_in=false,
    p(displayUnit="Pa") = 300000 + 0.01*dp_nominal,
    T=293.15,
    nPorts=1);
equation 
  connect(pumFixDp.port_b, sou1.ports[1]);
  connect(dp1.port_b, pumFixDp.port_a);
  connect(dp1.port_a, sou.ports[1]);
  connect(pumFixM_flow.port_b, sou3.ports[1]);
  connect(sou2.ports[1], pumFixM_flow.port_a);
  connect(y.y, pumFixDp.y);
  connect(y.y, pumFixM_flow.y);
end SpeedControlled_y_linear;