Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Examples.Transformers

Information

Extends from Modelica.Icons.ExamplesPackage (Icon for packages containing runnable examples).

Package Content

Name	Description
TransformerTestbench	Transformer Testbench
AsymmetricalLoad	AsymmetricalLoad
Rectifier6pulse	6-pulse rectifier with 1 transformer
Rectifier12pulse	12-pulse rectifier with 2 transformers
AIMC_Transformer	Test example: AsynchronousInductionMachineSquirrelCage transformer starting

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Examples.Transformers.TransformerTestbench

Information

Transformer testbench:

You may choose different connections as well as vary the load (even not symmetrical).

Please pay attention to proper grounding of the primary and secondary part of the whole circuit.
The primary and secondary starpoint are available as connectors, if the connection is not delta (D or d).

In some cases it may be necessary to ground the transformer's starpoint even though the source's or load's starpoint are grounded:

• Yy ... Grounding of transformer's primary or secondary starpoint with reasonable high earthing resistance is necessary.
• Yd ... No grounding necessary.
• Yz ... Grounding of transformer's primary starpoint with reasonable high earthing resistance is necessary.
• Dy ... No grounding necessary.
• Dd ... No grounding necessary.
• Dz ... No grounding necessary.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
Resistance	RL[3]	fill(1/3, 3)	Load resistance [Ohm]

Modelica definition

model TransformerTestbench "Transformer Testbench"
  extends Modelica.Icons.Example;
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Resistance RL[3]=fill(1/3,3) "Load resistance";
  Modelica.Electrical.MultiPhase.Sources.SineVoltage source(freqHz=fill(50, 3),
      V=fill(sqrt(2/3)*100, 3));
  Modelica.Electrical.MultiPhase.Basic.Star starS;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground groundS;
  Machines.Sensors.ElectricalPowerSensor electricalPowerSensorS;
  Machines.Sensors.CurrentQuasiRMSSensor currentQuasiRMSSensorS;
  Machines.Sensors.VoltageQuasiRMSSensor voltageQuasiRMSSensorS;
  Modelica.Electrical.MultiPhase.Basic.Delta deltaS;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Resistor earth(R=1e6);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground groundT;
  Machines.Sensors.VoltageQuasiRMSSensor voltageRMSSensorL;
  Modelica.Electrical.MultiPhase.Basic.Delta deltaL;
  Machines.Sensors.CurrentQuasiRMSSensor currentQuasiRMSSensorL;
  Machines.Sensors.ElectricalPowerSensor electricalPowerSensorL;
  Modelica.Electrical.MultiPhase.Basic.Resistor load(R=RL);
  Modelica.Electrical.MultiPhase.Basic.Star starL;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground groundL;
  Machines.Utilities.TransformerData transformerData(
    C1=Modelica.Utilities.Strings.substring(transformer.VectorGroup,1,1),
    C2=Modelica.Utilities.Strings.substring(transformer.VectorGroup,2,2));
  BasicMachines.Transformers.Dy.Dy01          transformer(
    n=transformerData.n,
    R1=transformerData.R1,
    L1sigma=transformerData.L1sigma,
    R2=transformerData.R2,
    L2sigma=transformerData.L2sigma);
equation 
  connect(starS.pin_n, groundS.p);
  connect(source.plug_n, starS.plug_p);
  connect(starL.pin_n, groundL.p);
  connect(load.plug_n, starL.plug_p);
  connect(earth.n, groundT.p);
  connect(electricalPowerSensorS.plug_nv, starS.plug_p);
  connect(source.plug_p, electricalPowerSensorS.plug_p);
  connect(electricalPowerSensorS.plug_ni, currentQuasiRMSSensorS.plug_p);
  connect(currentQuasiRMSSensorL.plug_n, electricalPowerSensorL.plug_p);
  connect(electricalPowerSensorL.plug_ni, load.plug_p);
  connect(electricalPowerSensorL.plug_nv, starL.plug_p);
  connect(currentQuasiRMSSensorS.plug_n, transformer.plug1);
  connect(transformer.plug2, currentQuasiRMSSensorL.plug_p);
  connect(deltaS.plug_p, voltageQuasiRMSSensorS.plug_n);
  connect(deltaS.plug_n, voltageQuasiRMSSensorS.plug_p);
  connect(currentQuasiRMSSensorS.plug_n, deltaS.plug_n);
  connect(currentQuasiRMSSensorL.plug_p, deltaL.plug_n);
  connect(deltaL.plug_n, voltageRMSSensorL.plug_p);
  connect(deltaL.plug_p, voltageRMSSensorL.plug_n);
end TransformerTestbench;

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Examples.Transformers.AsymmetricalLoad

Information

Asymmetrical (singlephase) load:

You may choose different connections.

Please pay attention to proper grounding of the primary and secondary part of the whole circuit.
The primary and secondary starpoint are available as connectors, if the connection is not delta (D or d).

In some cases it may be necessary to ground the transformer's starpoint even though the source's or load's starpoint are grounded:

• Yy with primary starpoint connected to source's starpoint: primary current in only one phase
• Yy primary starpoint not connected to source's starpoint: secondary voltage breaks down
• Yz ... Grounding of transformer's primary starpoint with reasonable high earthing resistance is necessary.
• Dy ... Load current in two primary phases.
• Dz ... Load current in three primary phases.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
Resistance	RL	1	Load resistance [Ohm]

Modelica definition

model AsymmetricalLoad "AsymmetricalLoad"
  extends Modelica.Icons.Example;
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Resistance RL=1 "Load resistance";
  Modelica.Electrical.MultiPhase.Sources.SineVoltage source(freqHz=fill(50, 3),
      V=fill(sqrt(2/3)*100, 3));
  Modelica.Electrical.MultiPhase.Basic.Star starS;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground groundS;
  MultiPhase.Sensors.CurrentSensor currentSensorS;
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground groundL;
  Machines.Utilities.TransformerData transformerData(
    C1=Modelica.Utilities.Strings.substring(transformer.VectorGroup,1,1),
    C2=Modelica.Utilities.Strings.substring(transformer.VectorGroup,2,2));
  BasicMachines.Transformers.Dy.Dy01          transformer(
    n=transformerData.n,
    R1=transformerData.R1,
    L1sigma=transformerData.L1sigma,
    R2=transformerData.R2,
    L2sigma=transformerData.L2sigma);
  MultiPhase.Basic.PlugToPin_n plugToPin_n(     k=1);
  Analog.Basic.Resistor load(R=RL);
  Analog.Basic.Resistor                     earth(R=1e6);
  Analog.Basic.Ground                     groundT;
equation 
  connect(starS.pin_n, groundS.p);
  connect(source.plug_n, starS.plug_p);
  connect(currentSensorS.plug_n, transformer.plug1);
  connect(transformer.plug2, plugToPin_n.plug_n);
  connect(transformer.starpoint2, groundL.p);
  connect(load.p, plugToPin_n.pin_n);
  connect(transformer.starpoint2, load.n);
  connect(source.plug_p, currentSensorS.plug_p);
  connect(earth.n,groundT. p);
end AsymmetricalLoad;

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Examples.Transformers.Rectifier6pulse

Information

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
Voltage	V	100*sqrt(2/3)	Amplitude of star-voltage [V]
Frequency	f	50	Frequency [Hz]
Resistance	RL	0.4	Load resistance [Ohm]
Capacitance	C	0.005	Total DC-capacitance [F]
Voltage	VC0	sqrt(3)*V	Initial voltage of capacitance [V]

Modelica definition

model Rectifier6pulse "6-pulse rectifier with 1 transformer"
  extends Modelica.Icons.Example;
  constant Integer m=3 "Number of phases";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Voltage V=100*sqrt(2/3) 
    "Amplitude of star-voltage";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Frequency f=50 "Frequency";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Resistance RL=0.4 "Load resistance";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Capacitance C=0.005 "Total DC-capacitance";
  parameter Modelica.SIunits.Voltage VC0=sqrt(3)*V 
    "Initial voltage of capacitance";
  Modelica.Electrical.MultiPhase.Sources.SineVoltage source(
    m=m,
    V=fill(V, m),
    freqHz=fill(f, m));
  Modelica.Electrical.MultiPhase.Basic.Star starAC(m=m);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground groundAC;
  Modelica.Electrical.MultiPhase.Sensors.CurrentSensor currentSensor(m=m);
  Modelica.Electrical.MultiPhase.Ideal.IdealDiode diode1(m=m);
  Modelica.Electrical.MultiPhase.Basic.Star star1(m=m);
  Modelica.Electrical.MultiPhase.Ideal.IdealDiode diode2(m=m);
  Modelica.Electrical.MultiPhase.Basic.Star star2(m=m);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Resistor load(R=RL);
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Capacitor cDC1(C=2*C, v(start=VC0/2));
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Capacitor cDC2(C=2*C, v(start=VC0/2));
  Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Basic.Ground groundDC;
  Machines.Utilities.TransformerData transformerData1(
    C1=Modelica.Utilities.Strings.substring(transformer1.VectorGroup,1,1),
    C2=Modelica.Utilities.Strings.substring(transformer1.VectorGroup,2,2));
  Machines.BasicMachines.Transformers.Dy.Dy01 transformer1(
    n=transformerData1.n,
    R1=transformerData1.R1,
    L1sigma=transformerData1.L1sigma,
    R2=transformerData1.R2,
    L2sigma=transformerData1.L2sigma);
equation 
  connect(cDC1.n, cDC2.p);
  connect(cDC1.n, groundDC.p);
  connect(starAC.plug_p, source.plug_n);
  connect(diode1.plug_n, star1.plug_p);
  connect(diode2.plug_p, star2.plug_p);
  connect(diode2.plug_n, diode1.plug_p);
  connect(starAC.pin_n, groundAC.p);
  connect(source.plug_p, currentSensor.plug_p);
  connect(load.p, cDC1.p);
  connect(load.n, cDC2.n);
  connect(star1.pin_n, cDC1.p);
  connect(star2.pin_n, cDC2.n);
  connect(transformer1.plug1, currentSensor.plug_n);
  connect(transformer1.plug2, diode1.plug_p);
end Rectifier6pulse;

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Examples.Transformers.Rectifier12pulse

Information

Extends from Machines.Examples.Transformers.Rectifier6pulse (6-pulse rectifier with 1 transformer).

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
Voltage	V	100*sqrt(2/3)	Amplitude of star-voltage [V]
Frequency	f	50	Frequency [Hz]
Resistance	RL	0.2	Load resistance [Ohm]
Capacitance	C	0.005	Total DC-capacitance [F]
Voltage	VC0	sqrt(3)*V	Initial voltage of capacitance [V]

Modelica definition

model Rectifier12pulse "12-pulse rectifier with 2 transformers"
  extends Machines.Examples.Transformers.Rectifier6pulse(RL=0.2);
  Modelica.Electrical.MultiPhase.Ideal.IdealDiode diode3(m=m);
  Modelica.Electrical.MultiPhase.Basic.Star star3(m=m);
  Modelica.Electrical.MultiPhase.Ideal.IdealDiode diode4(m=m);
  Modelica.Electrical.MultiPhase.Basic.Star star4(m=m);
  Machines.BasicMachines.Transformers.Dd.Dd00 transformer2(
    n=transformerData2.n,
    R1=transformerData2.R1,
    L1sigma=transformerData2.L1sigma,
    R2=transformerData2.R2,
    L2sigma=transformerData2.L2sigma);
  Machines.Utilities.TransformerData transformerData2(
    C1=Modelica.Utilities.Strings.substring(transformer2.VectorGroup,1,1),
    C2=Modelica.Utilities.Strings.substring(transformer2.VectorGroup,2,2));
equation 
  connect(diode3.plug_n, star3.plug_p);
  connect(diode4.plug_p, star4.plug_p);
  connect(diode4.plug_n, diode3.plug_p);
  connect(star4.pin_n, cDC2.n);
  connect(star3.pin_n, cDC1.p);
  connect(transformer2.plug2, diode4.plug_n);
  connect(transformer2.plug1, currentSensor.plug_n);
end Rectifier12pulse;

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Examples.Transformers.AIMC_Transformer

Information

• currentQuasiRMSSensor.I: stator current RMS
• aimc.wMechanical: motor's speed
• aimc.tauElectrical: motor's torque

Extends from Machines.Examples.AsynchronousInductionMachines.AIMC_Transformer (Test example: AsynchronousInductionMachineSquirrelCage transformer starting).

Parameters

Type	Name	Default	Description
Voltage	VNominal	100	Nominal RMS voltage per phase [V]
Frequency	fNominal	50	Nominal frequency [Hz]
Time	tStart1	0.1	Start time [s]
Time	tStart2	2.0	Start time of bypass transformer [s]
Torque	TLoad	161.4	Nominal load torque [N.m]
AngularVelocity	wLoad	1440.45*2*Modelica.Constants...	Nominal load speed [rad/s]
Inertia	JLoad	0.29	Load's moment of inertia [kg.m2]

Modelica definition

model AIMC_Transformer 
  "Test example: AsynchronousInductionMachineSquirrelCage transformer starting"
  extends Machines.Examples.AsynchronousInductionMachines.AIMC_Transformer;
end AIMC_Transformer;