<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lei Zhang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rongpeng Zhang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tianzhen Hong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yu Zhang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Qinglin Meng</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Impact of post-rainfall evaporation from porous roof tiles on building cooling load in subtropical China</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Applied Thermal Engineering</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Applied Thermal Engineering</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Building energy simulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cooling load</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">energyplus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evaporative Cooling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rainfall event</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Subtropical China</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">09/2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1359431117356107https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1359431117356107?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1359431117356107?httpAccept=text/plain</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">142</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">391 - 400</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Rainfall occurs frequently in subtropical regions of China, with the subsequent water evaporation from building roofs impacting the thermal performance and the energy consumption of buildings. We proposed a novel simulation method using actual meteorological data to evaluate this impact. New features were developed in EnergyPlus to enable the simulation: (1) an evaporation latent heat flux source term was added to the heat balance equation of the external surface and (2) algorithms for the evaporative cooling module (ECM) were developed and implemented into EnergyPlus. The ECM experimental results showed good agreement with the simulated results. The ECM was used to assess the impact of evaporation from porous roof tiles on the cooling load of a one-floor building in subtropical China. The results show that the evaporation process decreased the maximal values of the external and internal roof surface temperatures by up to 6.4 °C and 3.2 °C, respectively, while the lower internal surface temperature decreased the room accumulated cooling load by up to 14.8% during the hot summer period. The enhanced EnergyPlus capability can be used to evaluate the evaporative cooling performance of roofs with water-storage mediums, as well as to quantify their impact on building cooling loads.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rongpeng Zhang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kaiyu Sun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tianzhen Hong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yoshinori Yura</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ryohei Hinokuma</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A Novel Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) Heat Recovery System Model: Development and Validation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Energy and Buildings</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">building performance simulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">controls</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">energy modeling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">heat recovery</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">validation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Variable refrigerant flow</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">168</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;As one of the latest emerging HVAC technologies, the Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) system with heat recovery (HR) configurations has obtained extensive attention from both the academia and industry. Compared with the conventional VRF systems with heat pump (HP) configurations, VRF-HR is capable of recovering heat from cooling zones to heating zones and providing simultaneous cooling and heating operations. This can further lead to substantial energy saving potential and more flexible zonal control. In this paper, a novel model is developed to simulate the energy performance of VRF-HR systems. It adheres to a more physics-based development with the ability to simulate the refrigerant loop performance and consider the dynamics of more operational parameters, which is essential for representing more advanced control logics. Another key feature of the model is the introduction of component-level curves for indoor units and outdoor units instead of overall performance curves for the entire system, and thus it requires much fewer user-specified performance curves as model inputs. The validation study shows good agreements between the simulated energy use from the new VRF-HR model and the laboratory measurement data across all operational modes at sub-hourly time steps. The model has been adopted in the official release of the EnergyPlus simulation program since Version 8.6, which enables more accurate and robust assessments of VRF-HR systems to support their applications in energy retrofit of existing buildings or design of zero-net-energy buildings.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rongpeng Zhang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tianzhen Hong</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Modeling of HVAC Operational Faults in Building Performance Simulation</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">energy performance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">energyplus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hvac system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Modeling and simulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Operational fault</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thermal comfort  </style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;06BodyMaintext&quot;&gt;Operational faults are common in the heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems of existing buildings, leading to a decrease in energy efficiency and occupant comfort. Various fault detection and diagnostic methods have been developed to identify and analyze HVAC operational faults at the component or subsystem level. However, current methods lack a holistic approach to predicting the overall impacts of faults at the building level—an approach that adequately addresses the coupling between various operational components, the synchronized effect between simultaneous faults, and the dynamic nature of fault severity. This study introduces the novel development of a fault-modeling feature in EnergyPlus which fills in the knowledge gap left by previous studies. This paper presents the design and implementation of the new feature in EnergyPlus and discusses in detail the fault-modeling challenges faced. The new fault-modeling feature enables EnergyPlus to quantify the impacts of faults on building energy use and occupant comfort, thus supporting the decision making of timely fault corrections. Including actual building operational faults in energy models also improves the accuracy of the baseline model, which is critical in the measurement and verification of retrofit or commissioning projects. As an example, EnergyPlus version 8.6 was used to investigate the impacts of a number of typical operational faults in an office building across several U.S. climate zones. The results demonstrate that the faults have significant impacts on building energy performance as well as on occupant thermal comfort. Finally, the paper introduces future development plans for EnergyPlus fault-modeling capability.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mary Ann Piette</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tianzhen Hong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">William J. Fisk</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Norman Bourassa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wanyu R. Chan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yixing Chen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">H.Y. Iris Cheung</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toshifumi Hotchi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Margarita Kloss</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sang Hoon Lee</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phillip N. Price</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oren Schetrit</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kaiyu Sun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sarah C. Taylor-Lange</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rongpeng Zhang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Small and Medium Building Efficiency Toolkit and Community Demonstration Program</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CBES</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">commercial buildings</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">energy efficiency</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">energy modeling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">energy savings</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">indoor air quality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">indoor environmental quality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">outdoor air measurement technology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">outdoor airflow intake rate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">retrofit</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ventilation rate</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">03/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Small commercial buildings in the United States consume 47 percent of all primary energy consumed in the building sector. Retrofitting small and medium commercial buildings may pose a steep challenge for owners, as many lack the expertise and resources to identify and evaluate cost-effective energy retrofit strategies. To address this problem, this project developed the Commercial Building Energy Saver (CBES), an energy retrofit analysis toolkit that calculates the energy use of a building, identifies and evaluates retrofit measures based on energy savings, energy cost savings, and payback. The CBES Toolkit includes a web app for end users and the CBES Application Programming Interface for integrating CBES with other energy software tools. The toolkit provides a rich feature set, including the following:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;Energy Benchmarking providing an Energy Star score&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Load Shape Analysis to identify potential building operation improvements&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Preliminary Retrofit Analysis which uses a custom developed pre-simulated database&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Detailed Retrofit Analysis which utilizes real time EnergyPlus simulations&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p&gt;In a parallel effort the project team developed technologies to measure outdoor airflow rate; commercialization and use would avoid both excess energy use from over ventilation and poor indoor air quality resulting from under ventilation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;If CBES is adopted by California’s statewide small office and retail buildings, by 2030 the state can anticipate 1,587 gigawatt hours of electricity savings, 356 megawatts of non-coincident peak demand savings, 30.2 megatherms of natural gas savings, $227 million of energy-related cost savings, and reduction of emissions by 757,866 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent. In addition, consultant costs will be reduced in the retrofit analysis process.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;CBES contributes to the energy savings retrofit field by enabling a straightforward and uncomplicated decision-making process for small and medium business owners and leveraging different levels of assessment to match user background, preference, and data availability.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom2><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LBNL-2001054</style></custom2></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lei Zhang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rongpeng Zhang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yu Zhang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tianzhen Hong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Qinglin Meng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yanshan Feng</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Impact of Evaporation Process on Thermal Performance of Roofs - Model Development and Numerical Analysis</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Energy and Buildings</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evaporative Cooling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">model development</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Net zero energy building</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Numerical analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Passive techniques</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Porous building material</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roof thermal performance</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rongpeng Zhang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tianzhen Hong</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Modeling and Simulation of Operational Faults of HVAC Systems Using Energyplus</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year></dates><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;HVAC operations play a significant role among various driving factors to improve energy performance of buildings. Extensive researches have been conducted on the design efficiencies and control strategies of HVAC system, but very few focused on the impacts of its operational faults on the building energy efficiency. Modeling and simulation of operational faults can lead to better understandings of the fault impacts and thus support decision making of timely fault corrections which can further benefit the efficient system operation, improve the indoor thermal comfort, and prolong the equipment service life. Fault modeling is also critical to achieve more accurate and reliable model calibrations. This paper introduces the modeling and simulation of operational faults using EnergyPlus, a comprehensive whole building performance simulation tool. The paper discusses the challenges of operational fault modeling, and compares three approaches to simulate operational faults using EnergyPlus. The paper also introduces the latest development of native fault objects within EnergyPlus. As an example, EnergyPlus version 8.4 is used to investigate the impacts of the integrated thermostat and humidistat faults in a typical office building across several U.S. climate zones. The results demonstrate that the faults create significant impacts on the building energy performance as well as occupant thermal comfort. At last, the paper introduces the future development plan of EnergyPlus for the further improvement of its fault modeling capability.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom2><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LBNL-1004498</style></custom2></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tianzhen Hong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mary Ann Piette</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yixing Chen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sang Hoon Lee</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sarah C. Taylor-Lange</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rongpeng Zhang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kaiyu Sun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phillip N. Price</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Commercial Building Energy Saver: An energy retrofit analysis toolkit</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Applied Energy</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Building Technologies Department</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Building Technology and Urban Systems Division</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">buildings</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">buildings energy efficiency</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Commercial Building Systems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conservation measures</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">energy efficiency</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">energy use</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">energyplus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">External</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Retrofit Energy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">simulation research</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">159</style></volume><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Small commercial buildings in the United States consume 47% of the total primary energy of the buildings sector. Retrofitting small and medium commercial buildings poses a huge challenge for owners because they usually lack the expertise and resources to identify and evaluate cost-effective energy retrofit strategies. This paper presents the Commercial Building Energy Saver (CBES), an energy retrofit analysis toolkit, which calculates the energy use of a building, identifies and evaluates retrofit measures in terms of energy savings, energy cost savings and payback. The CBES Toolkit includes a web app (APP) for end users and the CBES Application Programming Interface (API) for integrating CBES with other energy software tools. The toolkit provides a rich set of features including: (1) Energy Benchmarking providing an Energy Star score, (2) Load Shape Analysis to identify potential building operation improvements, (3) Preliminary Retrofit Analysis which uses a custom developed pre-simulated database and, (4) Detailed Retrofit Analysis which utilizes real-time EnergyPlus simulations. CBES includes 100 configurable energy conservation measures (ECMs) that encompass IAQ, technical performance and cost data, for assessing 7 different prototype buildings in 16 climate zones in California and 6 vintages. A case study of a small office building demonstrates the use of the toolkit for retrofit analysis. The development of CBES provides a new contribution to the field by providing a straightforward and uncomplicated decision making process for small and medium business owners, leveraging different levels of assessment dependent upon user background, preference and data availability.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom2><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LBNL-1004502</style></custom2><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">298</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tianzhen Hong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kaiyu Sun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rongpeng Zhang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ryohei Hinokuma</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shinichi Kasahara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yoshinori Yura</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Development and validation of a new variable refrigerant flow systemmodel in EnergyPlus</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Energy and Buildings</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">building simulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">energy modeling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">energyplus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heat pump</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">model validation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Variable refrigerant flow</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">117</style></volume><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems vary the refrigerant flow to meet the dynamic zone thermalloads, leading to more efficient operations than other system types. This paper introduces a new modelthat simulates the energy performance of VRF systems in the heat pump (HP) operation mode. Com-pared with the current VRF-HP models implemented in EnergyPlus, the new VRF system model has morecomponent models based on physics and thus has significant innovations in: (1) enabling advanced con-trols, including variable evaporating and condensing temperatures in the indoor and outdoor units, andvariable fan speeds based on the temperature and zone load in the indoor units, (2) adding a detailedrefrigerant pipe heat loss calculation using refrigerant flow rate, operational conditions, pipe length, andpipe insulation materials, (3) improving accuracy of simulation especially in partial load conditions, and(4) improving the usability of the model by significantly reducing the number of user input performancecurves. The VRF-HP model is implemented in EnergyPlus and validated with measured data from fieldtests. Results show that the new VRF-HP model provides more accurate estimate of the VRF-HP systemperformance, which is key to determining code compliance credits as well as utilities incentive for VRFtechnologies.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom2><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LBNL-1004499</style></custom2><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">399</style></section></record></records></xml>