<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tianzhen Hong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Simona D&#039;Oca</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sarah C. Taylor-Lange</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">William J. N. Turner</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yixing Chen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stefano P. Corgnati</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">An Ontology to Represent Energy-Related Occupant Behavior in Buildings. Part II: Implementation of the DNAS framework using an XML schema</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Building and Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">building energy consumption</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">building simulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">energy modeling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">obXML</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">occupant behavior</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">XML schema</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">08/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">94</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">196-205</style></pages><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Energy-related occupant behavior in buildings is difficult to define and quantify, yet critical to our understanding of total building energy consumption. Part I of this two-part paper introduced the DNAS (Drivers, Needs, Actions and Systems) framework, to standardize the description of energy-related occupant behavior in buildings. Part II of this paper implements the DNAS framework into an XML (eXtensible Markup Language) schema, titled ‘occupant behavior XML’ (obXML). The obXML schema is used for the practical implementation of the DNAS framework into building simulation tools. The topology of the DNAS framework implemented in the obXML schema has a main root element &lt;em&gt;OccupantBehavior&lt;/em&gt;, linking three main elements representing &lt;em&gt;Buildings&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Occupants&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Behaviors&lt;/em&gt;. Using the schema structure, the actions of turning on an air conditioner and closing blinds provide two examples of how the schema standardizes these actions using XML. The obXML schema has inherent flexibility to represent numerous, diverse and complex types of occupant behaviors in buildings, and it can also be expanded to encompass new types of behaviors. The implementation of the DNAS framework into the obXML schema will facilitate the development of occupant information modeling (OIM) by providing interoperability between occupant behavior models and building energy modeling programs.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><custom2><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LBNL-1004501</style></custom2></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tianzhen Hong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Simona D&#039;Oca</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">William J. N. Turner</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sarah C. Taylor-Lange</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">An Ontology to Represent Energy-related Occupant Behavior in Buildings Part I: Introduction to the DNAs Framework</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Building and Environment</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Building energy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">human-building-system interaction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">modeling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">occupant behavior</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ontology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">simulation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">92</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">764-777</style></pages><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Reducing energy consumption in the buildings sector requires significant changes, but technology alone may fail to guarantee efficient energy performance. Human behavior plays a pivotal role in building design, operation, management and retrofit, and is a crucial positive factor for improving the indoor environment, while reducing energy use at low cost. Over the past 40 years, a substantial body of literature has explored the impacts of human behavior on building technologies and operation. Often, need-action-event cognitive theoretical frameworks were used to represent human-machine interactions. In Part I of this paper a review of more than 130 published behavioral studies and frameworks was conducted. A large variety of data-driven behavioral models have been developed based on field monitoring of the human-building-system interaction. Studies have emerged scattered geographically around the world that lack in standardization and consistency, thus leading to difficulties when comparing one with another. To address this problem, an ontology to represent energy-related occupant behavior in buildings is presented. Accordingly, the technical DNAs framework is developed based on four key components: i) the Drivers of behavior, ii) the Needs of the occupants, iii) the Actions carried out by the occupants, and iv) the building systems acted upon by the occupants. This DNAs framework is envisioned to support the international research community to standardize a systematic representation of energy-related occupant behavior in buildings. Part II of this paper further develops the DNAs framework as an XML (eXtensible Markup Language) schema, obXML, for exchange of occupant information modeling and integration with building simulation tools.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom2><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LBNL-180349</style></custom2></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">William J. N. Turner</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tianzhen Hong</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A Technical Framework to Describe Occupant Behavior for Building Energy Simulations</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">building simulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">energy efficiency</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">framework</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">occupant behavior</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">XML schema</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Green buildings that fail to meet expected design performance criteria indicate that technology alone does not guarantee high performance. Human influences are quite often simplified and ignored in the design, construction, and operation of buildings. Energy-conscious human behavior has been demonstrated to be a significant positive factor for improving the indoor environment while reducing the energy use of buildings. In our study we developed a new technical framework to describe energy-related human behavior in buildings. The energy-related behavior includes accounting for individuals and groups of occupants and their interactions with building energy services systems, appliances and facilities. The technical framework consists of four key components:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;the &lt;em&gt;drivers&lt;/em&gt; behind energy-related occupant behavior, which are biological, societal, environmental, physical, and economical in nature&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;the &lt;em&gt;needs&lt;/em&gt; of the occupants are based on satisfying criteria that are either physical (e.g. thermal, visual and acoustic comfort) or non-physical (e.g. entertainment, privacy, and social reward)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;the &lt;em&gt;actions&lt;/em&gt; that building occupants perform when their needs are not fulfilled&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;the &lt;em&gt;systems&lt;/em&gt; with which an occupant can interact to satisfy their needs&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p&gt;The technical framework aims to provide a standardized description of a complete set of human energy-related behaviors in the form of an XML schema. For each type of behavior (e.g., occupants opening/closing windows, switching on/off lights etc.) we identify a set of common behaviors based on a literature review, survey data, and our own field study and analysis. Stochastic models are adopted or developed for each type of behavior to enable the evaluation of the impact of human behavior on energy use in buildings, during either the design or operation phase. We will also demonstrate the use of the technical framework in assessing the impact of occupancy behavior on energy saving technologies. The technical framework presented is part of our human behavior research, a 5-year program under the U.S. - China Clean Energy Research Center for Building Energy Efficiency.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom2><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LBNL-6671E</style></custom2></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tianzhen Hong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">William J. N. Turner</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cheng Li</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Two-Day CERC-BEE Forum on Building Integrated Design and Occupant Behavior: Presentations and Summary</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year></dates></record></records></xml>