<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xinqiao Yu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Da Yan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kaiyu Sun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tianzhen Hong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dandan Zhu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A Comparative Study on Energy Performance of Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems and Variable Air Volume Systems in Office Buildings</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Applied Energy</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">building simulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">comparative analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">energy performance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">field measurement</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Variable Air Volume (VAV) Systems</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) Systems</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Variable air volume (VAV) systems and variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems are popularly used in office buildings. This study investigated VAV and VRF systems in five typical office buildings in China, and compared their air conditioning energy use. Site survey and field measurements were conducted to collect data of building characteristics and operation. Measured cooling electricity use was collected from sub-metering in the five buildings. The sub-metering data, normalized by climate and operating hours, show that VRF systems consumed much less air conditioning energy by up to 70% than VAV systems. This is mainly due to the different operation modes of both system types leading to much fewer operating hours of the VRF systems. Building simulation was used to quantify the impact of operation modes of VRF and VAV systems on cooling loads using a prototype office building in China. Simulated results show the VRF operation mode leads to much less cooling loads than the VAV operation mode, by 42% in Hong Kong and 53% in Qingdao. The VRF systems operated in the part-time-part-space mode enabling occupants to turn on air-conditioning only when needed and when spaces were occupied, while the VAV systems operated in the full-time-full-space mode limiting occupants’ control of operation. The findings provide insights into VRF systems operation and controls as well as its energy performance, which can inform HVAC designers on system selection and building operators or facility managers on improving VRF system operations.&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dandan Zhu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tianzhen Hong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Da Yan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chuang Wang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Comparative research in building energy modeling programs</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">China Annual HVACR Conference</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">advanced building software: energyplus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">building energy modeling program</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">building simulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">comparison</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doe-2</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">energyplus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">simulation research group</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">test</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">06/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">China (in Chinese)</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dandan Zhu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tianzhen Hong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chuang Wang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Comparison of Building Energy Modeling Programs: Building Loads</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">06/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><custom2><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LBNL-6034E</style></custom2></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dandan Zhu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chuang Wang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Da Yan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tianzhen Hong</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A Comparison of DeST and EnergyPlus</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">China HVAC Simulation Conference</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">building simulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">comparison</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dest</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">energy modeling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">energyplus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">simulation research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">simulation research group</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">test cases</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beijing</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record></records></xml>