<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Philip Haves</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peng Xu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Building Controls Virtual Test Bed – a Simulation Environment for Developing and Testing Control Algorithms, Strategies and Systems</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Building Simulation ’07</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">controls</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">development system</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hardware-in-the-loop</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">testing</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ibpsa.org/proceedings/BS2007/p748_final.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bejing, China</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The paper describes the design of a Building Controls Virtual Test Bed (BCVTB), a simulation environment for the development of control algorithms and strategies for the major energy systems in buildings, HVAC, lighting, active facades and on-site generation. The BCVTB is based on the whole building energy simulation program EnergyPlus and includes both the pure simulation and the hardware-in-the-loop methods of implementing the controls. For convenience and scalability, the design of the hardware-in-the-loop interface for supervisory controls uses BACnet rather than the analog interface used for local loop control. The paper concludes with a case study of the use of a prototype implementation of the BCVTB to precommission the building control system for the naturally-ventilated San Francisco Federal Building. A number of problems were found with the control program, demonstrating the value of the precommissioning and the effectiveness of the technique.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Philip Haves</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moosung Kim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Massieh Najafi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peng Xu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A Semi-automated Commissioning Tool for VAV Air Handling Units: Functional Test Analyzer</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ASHRAE Transactions</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">01/2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://gaia.lbl.gov/btech/papers/60979.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Part 1</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">113</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">380-391</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;A software tool that automates the analysis of functional tests for air-handling units is described. The tool compares the performance observed during manual tests with the performance predicted by simple models of the components under test that are configured using design information and catalog data. Significant differences between observed and expected performance indicate the presence of faults. Fault diagnosis is performed by analyzing the variation of these differences with operating point using expert rules and fuzzy inferencing.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The tool has a convenient user interface to facilitate manual entry of measurements made during a test. A graphical display compares the measured and expected performance, highlighting significant differences that indicate the presence of faults. The tool is designed to be used by commissioning providers conducting functional tests as part of either new building commissioning or retro-commissioning, as well as by building owners and operators conducting routine tests to check the performance of their HVAC systems. The paper describes the input data requirements of the tool, the software structure, the graphical interface, and summarizes the development and testing process used.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pt. 1</style></issue><call-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LBNL-60979</style></call-num><custom2><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LBNL-60979</style></custom2><custom5><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Design and Retrofit Tools&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom5><custom6><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Commercial Building Systems Group&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom6><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;y&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom7></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peng Xu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Philip Haves</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Case Study of Demand Shifting with Thermal Mass in Two Large Commercial Buildings</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ASHRAE Transactions</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">112</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pt. 1</style></issue><custom2><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LBNL-58649</style></custom2><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">572</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peng Xu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evaluation of Demand Shifting Strategies With Thermal Mass in Large Commercial Buildings</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SimBuild 2006</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">08/2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cambridge, MA, USA</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peng Xu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Philip Haves</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dimitri Curtil</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A Library of HVAC Component Models for use in Automated Diagnostics</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SimBuild 2006</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ibpsa.us/pub/simbuild2006/papers/SB06_034_041.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boston, MA</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The paper describes and documents a library of equipment reference models developed for automated fault detection and diagnosis of secondary HVAC system (air handling units and air distribution systems). The models are used to predict the performance that would be expected in the absence of faults. The paper includes a description of the use of automatic documentation methods in the library.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peng Xu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yu Joe Huang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ruidong Jin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guoxiong Yang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Measured energy performance of a US-China demonstration energy-efficient commercial building</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007 ASHRAE Winter Meeting, January 27-31, 2007</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">01/2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dallas, TX</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;In July 1998, the U.S. Department of Energy (USDOE) and China&#039;s Ministry of Science of Technology (MOST) signed a Statement of Work (SOW) to collaborate on the design and construction of an energyefficient demonstration office building and design center to be located in Beijing. The proposed 13,000 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (140,000 ft&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) nine-story office building would use U.S. energy-efficient materials, space-conditioning systems, controls, and design principles that were judged to be widely replicable throughout China. The SOW stated that China would contribute the land and provide for the costs of the base building, while the U.S. would be responsible for the additional (or marginal) costs associated with the package of energy efficiency andrenewable energy improvements to the building. The project was finished and the building occupied in 2004.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Using DOE-2 to analyze the energy performance of the as-built building, the building obtained 44 out of 69 possible points according to the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating, including the full maximum of 10 points in the energy performance section. The building achieved a LEED Gold rating, the first such LEED-rated office building in China, and is 60% more efficient than ASHRAE 90.1-1999. The utility data from the first year&#039;s operation match well the analysis results, providing that adjustments are made for unexpected changes in occupancy and operations. Compared with similarly equipped office buildings in Beijing, this demonstration building uses 60% less energy per floor area. However, compared to conventional office buildings with less equipment and window air-conditioners, the building uses slightly more energy per floor area.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Simulation Research Group&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom1><custom2><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LBNL-60978</style></custom2></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peng Xu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Philip Haves</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moosung Kim</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Model-Based Automated Functional Testing-Methodology and Application to Air Handling Units</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ASHRAE Transactions</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">111</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pt. 1</style></issue><custom2><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LBNL-55802</style></custom2><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">979</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peng Xu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Philip Haves</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moosung Kim</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A Semi-Automated Functional Test Data Analysis Tool</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13th National Conference on Building Commissioning</style></secondary-title><tertiary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the 13th National Conference on Building Commissioning</style></tertiary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New York City, NY</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The growing interest in commissioning is creating a demand that will increasingly be met by mechanical contractors and less experienced commissioning agents. They will need tools to help them perform commissioning effectively and efficiently. The widespread availability of standardized procedures, accessible in the field, will allow commissioning to be specified with greater certainty as to what will be delivered, enhancing the acceptance and credibility of commissioning. In response, a functional test data analysis tool is being developed to analyze the data collected during functional tests for air-handling units.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The functional test data analysis tool is designed to analyze test data, assess performance of the unit under test and identify the likely causes of the failure. The tool has a convenient user interface to facilitate manual entry of measurements made during a test. A graphical display shows the measured performance versus the expected performance, highlighting significant differences that indicate the unit is not able to pass the test. The tool is described as semi-automated because the measured data need to be entered manually, instead of being passed from the building control system automatically. However, the data analysis and visualization are fully automated. The tool is designed to be used by commissioning providers conducting functional tests as part of either new building commissioning or retro-commissioning, as well as building owners and operators interested in conducting routine tests periodically to check the performance of their HVAC systems.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><call-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LBNL-58648</style></call-num><custom2><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LBNL-58648</style></custom2><custom4><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;May 4-6, 2005&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom4><custom5><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;CD&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom5><custom6><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Commercial Building Systems&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom6><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;y&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom7></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peng Xu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Philip Haves</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joseph J Deringer</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A Simulation-Based Testing and Training Environment for Building Controls</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SimBuild 2004, Building Sustainability and Performance Through Simulation</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">08/2004</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boulder, CO</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;A hybrid simulation environment for controls testing and training is described. A real-time simulation of a building and HVAC system is coupled to a real building control system using a hardware interface. A prototype has been constructed and tested in which the dynamic performance of both the HVAC equipment and the building envelope is simulated using SPARK (Simulation Problem Analysis and Research Kernel). A low cost hardware interface between the simulation and the real control system is implemented using plug-in analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog cards in a personal computer. The design and implementation of the hardware interface in SPARK are described. The development of a variant of this environment that uses a derivative of EnergyPlus to test the implementation of a natural ventilation control strategy in real control hardware is also described.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Various applications of the hybrid simulation environment are briefly described, including the development of control algorithms and strategies, control system product testing and the pre-commissioning of building control system installations. The application to the education and training of building operators and HVAC service technicians is discussed in more detail, including the development of a community college curriculum that includes the use of the hybrid simulation environment to teach both control system configuration and HVAC troubleshooting.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><call-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LBNL-55801</style></call-num><custom2><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LBNL-55801</style></custom2></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peng Xu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Philip Haves</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mary Ann Piette</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">James E. Braun</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peak Demand Reduction from Pre-Cooling with Zone Temperature Reset in an Office Building</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">demand shifting (pre-cooling)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">08/2004</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pacific Grove, CA</style></pub-location><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The objective of this study was to demonstrate the potential for reducing peak-period electrical demand in moderate-weight commercial buildings by modifying the control of the HVAC system. An 80,000 ft&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; office building with a medium-weight building structure and high window-to-wall ratio was used for a case study in which zone temperature set-points were adjusted prior to and during occupancy. HVAC performance data and zone temperatures were recorded using the building control system. Additional operative temperature sensors for selected zones and power meters for the chillers and the AHU fans were installed for the study. An energy performance baseline was constructed from data collected during normal operation. Two strategies for demand shifting using the building thermal mass were then programmed in the control system and implemented progressively over a period of one month. It was found that a simple demand limiting strategy performed well in this building. This strategy involved maintaining zone temperatures at the lower end of the comfort region during the occupied period up until 2 pm. Starting at 2 pm, the zone temperatures were allowed to float to the high end of the comfort region. With this strategy, the chiller power was reduced by 80-100% (1 - 2.3 W/ft&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) during normal peak hours from 2 - 5 pm, without causing any thermal comfort complaints. The effects on the demand from 2 - 5 pm of the inclusion of pre-cooling prior to occupancy are unclear.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom2><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LBNL-55800</style></custom2></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peng Xu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Philip Haves</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joseph J Deringer</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A simulation-based testing and training environment for building controls</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Simbuild 2004</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boulder, CO</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;A hybrid simulation environment for controls testing and training is described. A real-time simulation of a building and HVAC system is coupled to a real building control system using a hardware interface. A prototype has been constructed and tested in which the dynamic performance of both the HVAC equipment and the building envelope is simulated using SPARK (Simulation Problem Analysis and Research Kernel). A low cost hardware interface between the simulation and the real control system is implemented using plug-in analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog cards in a personal computer. The design and implementation of the hardware interface in SPARK are described. The development of a variant of this environment that uses a derivative of EnergyPlus to test the implementation of a natural ventilation control strategy in real control hardware is also described. Various applications of the hybrid simulation environment are briefly described, including the development of control algorithms and strategies, control system product testing and the pre-commissioning of building control system installations. The application to the education and training of building operators and HVAC service technicians is discussed in more detail, including the development of a community college curriculum that includes the use of the hybrid simulation environment to teach both control system configuration and HVAC troubleshooting.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><custom2><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LBNL-55801</style></custom2></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peng Xu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moosung Kim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Philip Haves</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">An automated functional test and fault detection method</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><call-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LBNL-53512</style></call-num><custom2><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LBNL-53512</style></custom2><custom3><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;474664&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom3><custom6><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Commercial Building Systems&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom6></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peng Xu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Philip Haves</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Library of component reference models for fault detection</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><call-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LBNL-53505</style></call-num><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Commercial Building Systems Group&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom1><custom2><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LBNL-53505</style></custom2></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peng Xu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Philip Haves</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Field Testing of Component-Level Model-Based Fault Detection Methods for Mixing Boxes and VAV Fan Systems</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">08/2002</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asilomar, California, USA</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;An automated fault detection and diagnosis tool for HVAC systems is being developed, based on an integrated, lifecycle, approach to commissioning and performance monitoring. The tool uses component-level HVAC equipment models implemented in the SPARK equation-based simulation environment. The models are configured using design information and component manufacturers&#039; data and then fine-tuned to match the actual performance of the equipment by using data measured during functional tests of the sort using in commissioning. This paper presents the results of field tests of mixing box and VAV fan system models in an experimental facility and a commercial office building. The models were found to be capable of representing the performance of correctly operating mixing box and VAV fan systems and detecting several types of incorrect operation.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom2><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LBNL-50678</style></custom2></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peng Xu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Philip Haves</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Field Testing of Component-Level Model-Based Fault Detection Methods for Mixing Boxes and VAV Fan Systems</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002 American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">05/2002</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pacific Grove, California</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;An automated fault detection and diagnosis tool for HVAC systems is being developed, based on an integrated, life-cycle, approach to commissioning and performance monitoring.  The tool uses component-level HVAC equipment models implemented in the SPARK equation-based simulation environment.  The models are configured using design information and component manufacturers&#039; data and then fine-tuned to match the actual performance of the equipment by using data measured during functional tests of the sort using in commissioning.  This paper presents the results of field tests of mixing box and VAV fan system models in an experimental facility and a commercial office building.  The models were found to be capable of representing the performance of correctly operating mixing box and VAV fan systems and detecting several types of incorrect operation.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><call-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LBNL-50678</style></call-num><custom2><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LBNL-50678</style></custom2><custom3><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;80FJ53&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom3><custom4><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;August 18-23, 2002&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom4><custom5><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;CD&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom5><custom6><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Commercial Building Systems Group&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom6><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;y&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom7></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vladimir Bazjanac</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">James Forester</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Philip Haves</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Darko Sucic</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peng Xu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HVAC Component Data Modeling Using Industry Foundation Classes</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">System Simulation in Buildings ’02</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12/2002</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liège, Belgium</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) object data model of buildings is being developed by the International Alliance for Interoperability (IAI). The aim is to support data sharing and exchange in the building and construction industry across the life-cycle of a building.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This paper describes a number of aspects of a major extension of the HVAC part of the IFC data model. First is the introduction of a more generic approach for handling HVAC components. This includes type information, which corresponds to catalog data, occurrence information, which defines item-specific attributes such as location and connectivity, and performance history information, which documents the actual performance of the component instance over time. Other IFC model enhancements include an extension of the connectivity model used to specify how components forming a system can be traversed and the introduction of time-based data streams.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This paper includes examples of models of particular types of HVAC components, such as boilers and actuators, with all attributes included in the definitions. The paper concludes by describing the on-going process of model testing, implementation and integration into the complete IFC model and how the model can be used by software developers to support interoperability between HVAC-oriented design and analysis tools.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom2><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LBNL-51365</style></custom2></record></records></xml>