<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mary Ann Piette</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tianzhen Hong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">William J. Fisk</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Norman Bourassa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wanyu R. Chan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yixing Chen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">H.Y. Iris Cheung</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toshifumi Hotchi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Margarita Kloss</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sang Hoon Lee</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phillip N. Price</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oren Schetrit</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kaiyu Sun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sarah C. Taylor-Lange</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rongpeng Zhang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Small and Medium Building Efficiency Toolkit and Community Demonstration Program</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CBES</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">commercial buildings</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">energy efficiency</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">energy modeling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">energy savings</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">indoor air quality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">indoor environmental quality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">outdoor air measurement technology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">outdoor airflow intake rate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">retrofit</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ventilation rate</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">03/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Small commercial buildings in the United States consume 47 percent of all primary energy consumed in the building sector. Retrofitting small and medium commercial buildings may pose a steep challenge for owners, as many lack the expertise and resources to identify and evaluate cost-effective energy retrofit strategies. To address this problem, this project developed the Commercial Building Energy Saver (CBES), an energy retrofit analysis toolkit that calculates the energy use of a building, identifies and evaluates retrofit measures based on energy savings, energy cost savings, and payback. The CBES Toolkit includes a web app for end users and the CBES Application Programming Interface for integrating CBES with other energy software tools. The toolkit provides a rich feature set, including the following:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;Energy Benchmarking providing an Energy Star score&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Load Shape Analysis to identify potential building operation improvements&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Preliminary Retrofit Analysis which uses a custom developed pre-simulated database&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Detailed Retrofit Analysis which utilizes real time EnergyPlus simulations&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p&gt;In a parallel effort the project team developed technologies to measure outdoor airflow rate; commercialization and use would avoid both excess energy use from over ventilation and poor indoor air quality resulting from under ventilation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;If CBES is adopted by California’s statewide small office and retail buildings, by 2030 the state can anticipate 1,587 gigawatt hours of electricity savings, 356 megawatts of non-coincident peak demand savings, 30.2 megatherms of natural gas savings, $227 million of energy-related cost savings, and reduction of emissions by 757,866 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent. In addition, consultant costs will be reduced in the retrofit analysis process.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;CBES contributes to the energy savings retrofit field by enabling a straightforward and uncomplicated decision-making process for small and medium business owners and leveraging different levels of assessment to match user background, preference, and data availability.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom2><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LBNL-2001054</style></custom2></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tianzhen Hong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xiufeng Pang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oren Schetrit</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liping Wang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shinichi Kasahara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yoshinori Yura</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ryohei Hinokuma</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A New Model to Simulate Energy Performance of VRF Systems</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year></dates><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;This paper presents a new model to simulate energy performance of variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems in heat pump operation mode (either cooling or heating is provided but not simultaneously). The main improvement of the new model is the introduction of the evaporating and condensing temperature in the indoor and outdoor unit capacity modifier functions. The independent variables in the capacity modifier functions of the existing VRF model in EnergyPlus are mainly room wet-bulb temperature and outdoor dry-bulb temperature in cooling mode and room dry-bulb temperature and outdoor wet-bulb temperature in heating mode. The new approach allows compliance with different specifications of each indoor unit so that the modeling accuracy is improved. The new VRF model was implemented in a custom version of EnergyPlus 7.2. This paper first describes the algorithm for the new VRF model, which is then used to simulate the energy performance of a VRF system in a Prototype House in California that complies with the requirements of Title 24 – the California Building Energy Efficiency Standards. The VRF system performance is then compared with three other types of HVAC systems: the Title 24-2005 Baseline system, the traditional High Efficiency system, and the EnergyStar Heat Pump system in three typical California climates: Sunnyvale, Pasadena and Fresno. Calculated energy savings from the VRF systems are significant. The HVAC site energy savings range from 51 to 85%, while the TDV (Time Dependent Valuation) energy savings range from 31 to 66% compared to the Title 24 Baseline Systems across the three climates. The largest energy savings are in Fresno climate followed by Sunnyvale and Pasadena. The paper discusses various characteristics of the VRF systems contributing to the energy savings. It should be noted that these savings are calculated using the Title 24 prototype House D under standard operating conditions. Actual performance of the VRF systems for real houses under real operating conditions will vary.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom2><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LBNL-6666E</style></custom2></record></records></xml>