TY - JOUR T1 - Occupant Behavior Modeling for Building Performance Simulation: Current State and Future Challenges JF - Energy and Buildings Y1 - 2015 A1 - Da Yan A1 - William O'Brien A1 - Tianzhen Hong A1 - Xiaohang Feng A1 - H. Burak Gunay A1 - Farhang Tahmasebi A1 - Ardeshir Mahdavi KW - building simulation KW - energy efficiency KW - energy modeling KW - energy use KW - occupant behavior AB -

Occupant behavior is now widely recognized as a major contributing factor to uncertainty of building performance. While a surge of research on the topic has occurred over the past four decades, and particularly the past few years, there are many gaps in knowledge and limitations to current methodologies. This paper outlines the state-of-the-art research, current obstacles and future needs and directions for the following four-step iterative process: (1) occupant monitoring and data collection, (2) model development, (3) model evaluation, and (4) model implementation into building simulation tools. Major themes include the need for greater rigor in experimental methodologies; detailed, honest, and candid reporting of methods and results; and development of an efficient means to implement occupant behavior models and integrate them into building energy modeling programs.

VL - 107 U2 - LBNL-1004504 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Transforming BIM to BEM: Generation of Building Geometry for the NASA Ames Sustainability Base BIM Y1 - 2013 A1 - James O'Donnell A1 - Tobias Maile A1 - Cody Rose A1 - Natasa Mrazovic A1 - Elmer Morrissey A1 - Cynthia Regnier A1 - Kristen Parrish A1 - Vladimir Bazjanac U2 - LBNL-6033E ER - TY - CONF T1 - Mapping Hvac Systems for Simulation In EnergyPlus T2 - SimBuild 2012 IBPSA Conference Y1 - 2012 A1 - Tobias Maile A1 - Mangesh Basarkar A1 - James O'Donnell A1 - Philip Haves A1 - Kevin Settlemyre AB -

For building energy simulation tools to be accessible to designers, tool interfaces should present a conventional view of HVAC systems to the user, and then map this view to the internal data model used in the tool. The paper outlines a process that enables design engineers to create HVAC system representations using industry standard terminology and system, icon and typological representations and convert that unified representation into the format required by the whole building energy simulation tool EnergyPlus. This paper describes each stage of the conversion process, which involves transformations between the following representations: 1) engineer's representation, 2) component connectivity representation, 3) representation in the internal data model used in the Simergy graphical user interface for EnergyPlus, and 4) EnergyPlus representation.

The paper also describes mappings between these representations and the development of a rule-based validation and assignment framework required to implement that mapping. In addition, the paper describes the implementation of this process in Simergy.

JF - SimBuild 2012 IBPSA Conference CY - Madison, WI, USA U2 - LBNL-5565E ER - TY - CONF T1 - An Assessment of the use of Building Energy Performance Simulation in Early Design T2 - IBPSA Building Simulation 2011 Y1 - 2011 A1 - Vladimir Bazjanac A1 - Tobias Maile A1 - Cody Rose A1 - James O'Donnell A1 - Natasa Mrazovic A1 - Elmer Morrissey A1 - Welle, Benjamin JF - IBPSA Building Simulation 2011 CY - Sydney, Australia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Calibrating whole building energy models: An evidence-based methodology JF - Energy and Buildings Y1 - 2011 A1 - Paul Raferty A1 - Marcus Keane A1 - James O'Donnell KW - calibration KW - Methodology KW - retrofit KW - simulation KW - Version control KW - Whole building energy model AB -

This paper reviews existing case studies and methods for calibrating whole building energy models to measured data. This research describes a systematic, evidence-based methodology for the calibration of these models. Under this methodology, parameter values in the final calibrated model reference the source of information used to make changes to the initial model. Thus, the final model is based solely on evidence. Version control software stores a complete record of the calibration process, and the evidence on which the final model is based. Future users can review the changes made throughout the calibration process along with the supporting evidence. In addition to the evidence-based methodology, this paper also describes a new zoning process that represents the real building more closely than the typical core and four perimeter zone approach. Though the methodology is intended to apply to detailed calibration studies with high resolution measured data, the primary aspects of the methodology (evidence-based approach, version control, and zone-typing) are independent of the available measured data.

VL - 43 IS - 9 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Data Enviroments and Processing in Sem-Automated Simulation with EnergyPlus T2 - CIB W078-W102 Y1 - 2011 A1 - Vladimir Bazjanac A1 - Tobias Maile A1 - James O'Donnell A1 - Cody Rose A1 - Natasa Mrazovic JF - CIB W078-W102 CY - Sophia Antipolis, France ER - TY - CONF T1 - Development of a user interface for the EnergyPlus whole building energy simulation program T2 - IBPSA Building Simulation 2011 Y1 - 2011 A1 - Richard See A1 - Philip Haves A1 - Pramod Sreekanathan A1 - Mangesh Basarkar A1 - James O'Donnell A1 - Kevin Settlemyre JF - IBPSA Building Simulation 2011 CY - Sydney, Australia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multi-Criteria Optimisation using Past, Real Time and Predictive Performance Benchmarks JF - Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory Y1 - 2011 A1 - Torrens, J. Ignacio A1 - Marcus Keane A1 - Andrea Costa A1 - James O'Donnell VL - 19 IS - 4 ER - TY - Generic T1 - Real-time Building Energy Simulation using EnergyPlus and the Building Controls Virtual Test Bed T2 - Proc. of the 12th IBPSA Conference Y1 - 2011 A1 - Xiufeng Pang A1 - Prajesh Bhattacharya A1 - Zheng O'Neill A1 - Philip Haves A1 - Michael Wetter A1 - Trevor Bailey AB -

Most commercial buildings do not perform as well in practice as intended by the design and their performances often deteriorate over time. Reasons include faulty construction, malfunctioning equipment, incorrectly configured control systems and inappropriate operating procedures (Haves et al., 2001, Lee et al., 2007). To address this problem, the paper presents a simulation-based whole building performance monitoring tool that allows a comparison of building actual performance and expected performance in real time. The tool continuously acquires relevant building model input variables from existing Energy Management and Control System (EMCS). It then reports expected energy consumption as simulated of EnergyPlus. The Building Control Virtual Test Bed (BCVTB) is used as the software platform to provide data linkage between the EMCS, an EnergyPlus model, and a database. This paper describes the integrated real-time simulation environment. A proof-of-concept demonstration is also presented in the paper.

JF - Proc. of the 12th IBPSA Conference CY - Sydney, Australia U2 - LBNL-5390E ER - TY - CONF T1 - SimModel: A domain data model for whole building energy simulation T2 - IBPSA Building Simulation 2011 Y1 - 2011 A1 - James O'Donnell A1 - Richard See A1 - Cody Rose A1 - Tobias Maile A1 - Vladimir Bazjanac A1 - Philip Haves AB -

Many inadequacies exist within industry-standard data models as used by present-day whole-building energy simulation software. Tools such as EnergyPlus and DOE-2 use custom schema definitions (IDD and BDL respectively) as opposed to standardized schema definitions (defined in XSD, EXPRESS, etc.). Non-standard data modes lead to a requirement for application developers to develop bespoke interfaces. Such tools have proven to be error prone in their implementation – typically resulting in information loss.

This paper presents a Simulation Domain Model (SimModel) - a new interoperable XML-based data model for the building simulation domain. SimModel provides a consistent data model across all aspects of the building simulation process, thus preventing information loss. The model accounts for new simulation tool architectures, existing and future systems, components and features. In addition, it is a multi-representation model that enables integrated geometric and MEP simulation configuration data. The SimModel objects ontology moves away from tool-specific, non-standard nomenclature by implementing an industry-validated terminology aligned with Industry Foundation Classes (IFC).

The first implementation of SimModel supports translations from IDD, Open Studio IDD, gbXML and IFC. In addition, the EnergyPlus Graphic User Interface (GUI) employs SimModel as its internal data model. Ultimately, SimModel will form the basis for a new IFC Model View Definition (MVD) that will enable data exchange from HVAC Design applications to Energy Analysis applications. Extensions to SimModel could easily support other data formats and simulations (e.g. Radiance, COMFEN, etc.).

JF - IBPSA Building Simulation 2011 U2 - LBNL-5566E ER - TY - CONF T1 - A software tool to compare measured and simulated building energy performance data T2 - IBPSA Building Simulation 2011 Y1 - 2011 A1 - Tobias Maile A1 - Vladimir Bazjanac A1 - James O'Donnell A1 - Matthew Garr AB -

Building energy performance is often inadequate when compared to design goals. To link design goals to actual operation one can compare measured with simulated energy performance data. Our previously developed comparison approach is the Energy Performance Comparison Methodology (EPCM), which enables the identification of performance problems based on a comparison of measured and simulated performance data. In context of this method, we developed a software tool that provides graphing and data processing capabilities of the two performance data sets. The software tool called SEE IT (Stanford Energy Efficiency Information Tool) eliminates the need for manual generation of data plots and data reformatting. SEE IT makes the generation of time series, scatter and carpet plots independent of the source of data (measured or simulated) and provides a valuable tool for comparing measurements with simulation results. SEE IT also allows assigning data points on a predefined building object hierarchy and supports different versions of simulated performance data. This paper briefly introduces the EPCM, describes the SEE IT tool and illustrates its use in the context of a building case study.

JF - IBPSA Building Simulation 2011 CY - Sydney, Australia U2 - LBNL-6184E ER - TY - CONF T1 - Systematic Development of an Operational BIM Utilising Simulation and Performance Data in Building Operation T2 - IBPSA Building Simulation 2011 Y1 - 2011 A1 - Edward Corry A1 - Marcus Keane A1 - James O'Donnell A1 - Andrea Costa JF - IBPSA Building Simulation 2011 CY - Sydney, Australia ER - TY - Generic T1 - Automated Continuous Commissioning of Commercial Buildings T2 - DoD SERDP-ESTCP Partners in Environmental Technology Technical Symposium and Workshop Y1 - 2010 A1 - Trevor Bailey A1 - Zheng O'Neill A1 - Madhusudana Shashanka A1 - Prajesh Bhattacharya A1 - Philip Haves A1 - Xiufeng Pang JF - DoD SERDP-ESTCP Partners in Environmental Technology Technical Symposium and Workshop CY - Washington, D.C. U2 - LBNL-5734E ER - TY - RPRT T1 - BuildWise Final Report Y1 - 2010 A1 - Marcus Keane A1 - Andrea Costa A1 - James O'Donnell A1 - Karsten Menzel A1 - Dirk, Alan ER - TY - CONF T1 - Energy Monitoring Systems value, issues and recommendations based on five case studies T2 - Clima 2010 conference Y1 - 2010 A1 - Paul Raferty A1 - Marcus Keane A1 - James O'Donnell A1 - Andrea Costa JF - Clima 2010 conference CY - Antalya, Turkey ER - TY - CONF T1 - Key Factors - Methodology for Enhancement and Support of Building Energy Performance T2 - Building Simulation 2009 Y1 - 2009 A1 - Andrea Costa A1 - Marcus Keane A1 - Paul Raferty A1 - James O'Donnell AB -

This paper presents the Key Factors methodology that supports energy managers in determining the optimal building operation strategy in relation to both energy consumption and thermal comfort. The methodology is supported by the utilisation of calibrated building energy simulation models that match measured data gathered by an extensive measurement framework. The paper outlines the proposed methodology defining the underpinning concepts and illustrating the performance metrics required to capture the effect of different building operation strategies. A brief case study is discussed to demonstrate the application of the methodology.

JF - Building Simulation 2009 CY - Glasgow, Scotland UR - http://zuse.ucc.ie/iruse/papersNew/AndreaGlasgow.pdf ER - TY - CONF T1 - Multi-criteria optimisation using past, historical, real time and predictive performance benchmarks T2 - SEEP 2009: 3rd International Conference on Sustainable Energy & Environmental Protection Y1 - 2009 A1 - Torrens, J. Ignacio A1 - Marcus Keane A1 - James O'Donnell A1 - Andrea Costa JF - SEEP 2009: 3rd International Conference on Sustainable Energy & Environmental Protection ER - TY - CONF T1 - Pervasive Knowledge-Based Networking for Maintenance Inspection in Smart Buildings T2 - MUCS 2009: 6th IEEE International Workshop on Managing Ubiquitous Communications and Services Y1 - 2009 A1 - Paul Mara A1 - Declan O'Sullivan A1 - Rob Brennan A1 - Marcus Keane A1 - Kris McGlinn A1 - James O'Donnell JF - MUCS 2009: 6th IEEE International Workshop on Managing Ubiquitous Communications and Services CY - Barcelona, Spain ER - TY - Generic T1 - Standardization of thermo-fluid modeling in Modelica.Fluid 1.0 T2 - Proc. of the 7th International Modelica Conference Y1 - 2009 A1 - Rüdiger Franke A1 - Francesco Casella A1 - Martin Otter A1 - Katrin Proelss A1 - Michael Sielemann A1 - Michael Wetter KW - modelica AB -

This article discusses the Modelica.Fluid library that has been included in the Modelica Standard Library 3.1. Modelica.Fluid provides interfaces and basic components for the device-oriented modeling of one dimensional thermo-fluid flow in networks containing vessels; pipes; fluid machines; valves and fittings.

A unique feature of Modelica.Fluid is that the component equations and the media models as well as pressure loss and heat transfer correlations are decoupled from each other. All components are implemented such that they can be used for media from the Modelica.Media library. This means that an incompressible or compressible medium; a single or a multiple substance medium with one or more phases might be used with one and the same model as long as the modeling assumptions made hold. Furthermore;

trace substances are supported. Modeling assumptions can be configured globally in an outer System object. This covers in particular the initialization; uni- or bi-directional flow; and dynamic or steady-state formulation of mass; energy; and momentum balance. All assumptions can be locally refined for every component.

While Modelica.Fluid contains a reasonable set of component models; the goal of the library is not to provide a comprehensive set of models; but rather to provide interfaces and best practices for the treatment of issues such as connector design and implementation of energy; mass and momentum balances. Applications from various domains are presented.

JF - Proc. of the 7th International Modelica Conference PB - Linköping University Electronic Press CY - Como, Italy VL - 43 SN - 978-91-7393-513-5 UR - http://www.ep.liu.se/ecp_article/index.en.aspx?issue=043;article=13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Design of Underlying Network Infrastructure of Smart Buildings T2 - 2008 IET 4th International Conference on Intelligent Environments Y1 - 2008 A1 - Alan McGibney A1 - Martin Klepal A1 - James O'Donnell KW - design KW - optimisation KW - Wireless BMS AB -

Wireless Building Management Systems (BMS) are an attractive option when it comes to building retrofitting due to the cost constraints introduced by wired systems. A crucial part of the wireless BMS is the initial planning stage, this process can be impossible for a designer to undertake, therefore highlighting the requirement for a software design tool to aid in this process.

JF - 2008 IET 4th International Conference on Intelligent Environments CY - Seattle, WA SN - 978-0-86341-894-5 UR - http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=4629790 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Integrating the Specification, Acquisition and Processing of Building Performance Information T2 - 12th International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering Y1 - 2008 A1 - Martin Keller A1 - James O'Donnell A1 - Karsten Menzel A1 - Marcus Keane A1 - Ufuk Gökçe JF - 12th International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering CY - Beijing, China ER - TY - CONF T1 - Specification of an Information Delivery Tool to Support Optimal Holistic Environmental and Energy Management in Buildings T2 - SimBuild 2008 Y1 - 2008 A1 - James O'Donnell A1 - Marcus Keane A1 - Vladimir Bazjanac JF - SimBuild 2008 CY - Berkeley, CA, USA U2 - LBNL-918E ER - TY - CONF T1 - Utilisation of Whole Building Energy Simulation Output to Provide Optimum Decision Support for Building Managers T2 - SimBuild 2008 Y1 - 2008 A1 - James O'Donnell A1 - Marcus Keane A1 - Vladimir Bazjanac JF - SimBuild 2008 CY - Berkeley, CA ER - TY - CONF T1 - Potential of Buried Pipes Systems and Derived Techniques for Passive Cooling of Buildings in Brazilian Climates T2 - Proc. Building Simulation 2007 Y1 - 2007 A1 - Pierre Hollmuller A1 - Joyce Carlo A1 - Martin Ordenes A1 - Fernando Westphal A1 - Roberto Lamberts JF - Proc. Building Simulation 2007 CY - Beijing, China ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using Indicators to Profile Energy Consumption and Inform Energy Policy in a University - A Case Study in Ireland JF - Energy and Buildings Y1 - 2007 A1 - Brian Ó Gallachóir A1 - Marcus Keane A1 - Elmer Morrissey A1 - James O'Donnell KW - building energy performance KW - Energy in services sector KW - energy policy KW - University AB -

The services sector has the least amount of energy end use data available, which poses significant challenges to companies within the sector attempting to benchmark their energy performance and inform energy management decisions. This paper explores through a case study analysis the use of simple performance indicators and how additional data and new metrics can greatly enhance the understanding of energy trends and in particular the assessment of building energy performance. The country chosen for the analysis is Ireland, where the services sector has experienced high energy demand growth since 1990 (4.1% annually) compared with the EU-15 (1.5% annually). Despite this growth, the available energy data is poor, in particular for the public service sub-sectors. The case study chosen is an institution within the education sub-sector, University College Cork. The paper presents some simple energy performance indicators that have been used to date to inform energy policy. The paper then introduces new approaches and tools for assessing energy performance in buildings and how these may be utilised to improve the energy policy decision making and energy management. It discusses how these approaches are been implemented for buildings with separate functions, presents some initial results and discusses future planned work.

VL - 39 IS - 8 ER - TY - Generic T1 - Thermal Performance Simulation of an Atrium Building T2 - eSim 2006 Y1 - 2006 A1 - Özgür Göçer A1 - Aslihan Tavil A1 - Ertan Özkan JF - eSim 2006 CY - Toronto, Canada ER - TY - CONF T1 - Building Effectiveness Communication Ratios for Improved Building Life Cycle Management T2 - IBPSA Building Simulation Conference 2005 Y1 - 2005 A1 - Elmer Morrissey A1 - Marcus Keane A1 - James O'Donnell A1 - John F. McCarthy AB -

Many existing building energy performance assessment frameworks, quantifying and categorising buildings post occupancy, offer limited feedback on design decisions. An environment providing decision makers with pertinent information to assess the consequences of each design decision in a timely, cost effective and practical manner is required to promote viable low-energy solutions from the outset. This paper outlines a performance-based strategy utilising building effectiveness communication ratios stored in Building Information Models (BIM). Decision makers will be capable of rating the building's energy performance throughout its natural life cycle without imposing adverse penalties on facilities located in dissimilar climatic zones subjected to stringent building codes and regulations. With this advancement in building energy assessment in place, a progressive improvement in energy efficiency for the building stock is a feasible and realistic target.

JF - IBPSA Building Simulation Conference 2005 CY - Montréal, Canada ER - TY - CONF T1 - Reducing Building Operational Cost Through Environmental Effectiveness Ratios T2 - Building Simulation 2005 IBPSA International Conference Y1 - 2005 A1 - James O'Donnell A1 - Elmer Morrissey A1 - Marcus Keane A1 - Brian Ó Gallachóir JF - Building Simulation 2005 IBPSA International Conference CY - Montreal, Canada ER - TY - Generic T1 - Specifiction of an IFC-Based Intelligent Graphical User Interface to Support Building Energy Simulation T2 - IBPSA Building Simulation 2005 Y1 - 2005 A1 - Barry O'Sullivan A1 - Marcus Keane JF - IBPSA Building Simulation 2005 CY - Montreal, Canada ER - TY - CONF T1 - BuildingPI: A Future Tool for Building Life Cycle Analysis T2 - SimBuild 2004 1st International Conference of IBPSA-USA Y1 - 2004 A1 - James O'Donnell A1 - Elmer Morrissey A1 - Marcus Keane A1 - Vladimir Bazjanac JF - SimBuild 2004 1st International Conference of IBPSA-USA CY - Boulder, Colorado, USA U2 - LBNL-56071 ER - TY - Generic T1 - Specification and Implementation of IFC Based Performance Metrics to Support Building Life Cycle Assessment of Hybrid Energy Systems T2 - SimBuild 2004, Building Sustainability and Performance Through Simulation Y1 - 2004 A1 - Elmer Morrissey A1 - James O'Donnell A1 - Marcus Keane A1 - Vladimir Bazjanac JF - SimBuild 2004, Building Sustainability and Performance Through Simulation CY - Boulder, Colorado, USA ER - TY - CONF T1 - Specification and Implementation of IFC Based Performance Metrics to Support Building Life Cycle Assessment of Hybrid Energy Systems T2 - SimBuild 2004: Building Sustainability and Performance Through Simulation Y1 - 2004 A1 - Elmer Morrissey A1 - James O'Donnell A1 - Marcus Keane A1 - Vladimir Bazjanac JF - SimBuild 2004: Building Sustainability and Performance Through Simulation CY - Boulder, CO U1 -

Simulation Research Group

U2 - LBNL/PUB-906 ER - TY - Generic T1 - Specification and Implementation of IFC-Based Performance Metrics to Support Building Life Cycle Assessment of Hybrid Energy Systems T2 - SimBuild 2004, Building Sustainability and Performance Through Simulation Y1 - 2004 A1 - Elmer Morrissey A1 - James O'Donnell A1 - Marcus Keane A1 - Vladimir Bazjanac JF - SimBuild 2004, Building Sustainability and Performance Through Simulation CY - Boulder, Colorado, USA ER - TY - CONF T1 - Specification of IFC Based Performance Metrics to Support Building Life Cycle Analysis of Hybrid Energy Systems T2 - SimBuild 2004 1st International Conference of IBPSA-USA Y1 - 2004 A1 - Elmer Morrissey A1 - James O'Donnell A1 - Marcus Keane A1 - Vladimir Bazjanac JF - SimBuild 2004 1st International Conference of IBPSA-USA CY - Boulder, Colorado, USA ER - TY - CONF T1 - The DOE-2 Computer Program for Thermal Simulation of Buildings T2 - American Institute of Physics (AIP) Y1 - 1985 A1 - Birdsall, Bruce E. A1 - Walter F. Buhl A1 - Richard B. Curtis A1 - Ender Erdem A1 - Joseph Eto A1 - James J. Hirsch A1 - Karen H. Olson A1 - Frederick C. Winkelmann JF - American Institute of Physics (AIP) PB - American Institute of Physics VL - 135 ER - TY - CONF T1 - The DOE-2 Building Energy Analysis Program T2 - ASEAN Conference on Energy Conservation in Buildings Y1 - 1984 A1 - Richard B. Curtis A1 - Birdsall, Bruce E. A1 - Walter F. Buhl A1 - Ender Erdem A1 - Joseph H. Eto A1 - James J. Hirsch A1 - Karen H. Olson A1 - Frederick C. Winkelmann JF - ASEAN Conference on Energy Conservation in Buildings CY - Singapore U2 - LBNL-18046 ER -