01921nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001300041245007100054210006600125260001200191300001600203490000800219520115000227653002401377653000901401653001401410653002501424653004301449653002101492100001501513700001201528700001901540700001501559700001401574856006701588 2019 eng d a0306261900aA novel approach for selecting typical hot-year (THY) weather data0 anovel approach for selecting typical hotyear THY weather data c03/2019 a1634 - 16480 v2423 a

The global climate change has resulted in not only warmer climate conditions but also more frequent extreme weather events, such as heat waves. However, the impact of heat waves on the indoor environment has been investigated in a limited manner. In this research, the indoor thermal environment is analyzed using a building performance simulation tool for a typical residential building in multiple cities in China, over a time period of 60 years using actual measured weather data, in order to gain a better understanding of the effect of heat wave events. The simulation results were used to analyze the indoor environment during hot summers. A new kind of weather data referred to as the typical hot year was defined and selected based on the simulated indoor environment during heat waves. The typical hot-year weather data can be used to simulate the indoor environment during extreme heat events and for the evaluation of effective technologies and strategies to mitigate against the impact of heat waves on the energy demand of buildings and human health. The limitations of the current study and future work are also discussed.

10aActual weather data10adest10aHeat wave10aMultiyear simulation10aResidential indoor thermal environment10aTypical hot year1 aGuo, Siyue1 aYan, Da1 aHong, Tianzhen1 aXiao, Chan1 aCui, Ying uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S030626191930465902346nas a2200229 4500008004100000245009900041210006900140490000800209520158400217653003601801653001301837653002001850653001801870653001501888653003001903100002001933700001501953700001901968700002001987700002102007856008802028 2018 eng d00aA Novel Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) Heat Recovery System Model: Development and Validation0 aNovel Variable Refrigerant Flow VRF Heat Recovery System Model D0 v1683 a

As one of the latest emerging HVAC technologies, the Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) system with heat recovery (HR) configurations has obtained extensive attention from both the academia and industry. Compared with the conventional VRF systems with heat pump (HP) configurations, VRF-HR is capable of recovering heat from cooling zones to heating zones and providing simultaneous cooling and heating operations. This can further lead to substantial energy saving potential and more flexible zonal control. In this paper, a novel model is developed to simulate the energy performance of VRF-HR systems. It adheres to a more physics-based development with the ability to simulate the refrigerant loop performance and consider the dynamics of more operational parameters, which is essential for representing more advanced control logics. Another key feature of the model is the introduction of component-level curves for indoor units and outdoor units instead of overall performance curves for the entire system, and thus it requires much fewer user-specified performance curves as model inputs. The validation study shows good agreements between the simulated energy use from the new VRF-HR model and the laboratory measurement data across all operational modes at sub-hourly time steps. The model has been adopted in the official release of the EnergyPlus simulation program since Version 8.6, which enables more accurate and robust assessments of VRF-HR systems to support their applications in energy retrofit of existing buildings or design of zero-net-energy buildings.

10abuilding performance simulation10acontrols10aenergy modeling10aheat recovery10avalidation10aVariable refrigerant flow1 aZhang, Rongpeng1 aSun, Kaiyu1 aHong, Tianzhen1 aYura, Yoshinori1 aHinokuma, Ryohei uhttps://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/publications/novel-variable-refrigerant-flow-vrf02155nas a2200133 4500008004100000245009000041210006900131520167300200100001701873700001201890700001901902700001501921856008501936 2017 eng d00aA Novel Stochastic Modeling Method to Simulate Cooling Loads in Residential Districts0 aNovel Stochastic Modeling Method to Simulate Cooling Loads in Re3 a

District cooling systems are widely used in urban residential communities in China. Most district cooling systems are oversized;this leads to wasted investment and low operational efficiency and thus energy wastage. The accurate prediction of district cooling loads that supports rightsizing cooling plant equipment remains a challenge. This study developed a new stochastic modeling method that includes (1) six prototype house models representing a majority of apartments in the district, (2)occupant behavior models in residential buildings reflecting the temporal and spatial diversity and complexity based on a large-scale residential survey in China, and (3) a stochastic sampling process to represent all apartments and occupants in the district. The stochastic method was employed in a case study using the DeST simulation engine to simulate the cooling loads of a real residential district in Wuhan, China. The simulation results agree well with the actual measurement data based on five performance metrics representing the aggregated cooling loads, the peak cooling loads as well as the spatial load distribution,and the load profiles. Two currently used simulation methods were also employed to simulate the district cooling loads. The simulation results showed that oversimplified occupant behavior assumptions lead to significant overestimations of the peak cooling load and total district cooling loads. Future work will aim to simplify the workflow and data requirements of the stochastic method to enable its practical application as well as explore its application in predicting district heating loads and in commercial or mixed-use districts.

1 aAn, Jingjing1 aYan, Da1 aHong, Tianzhen1 aSun, Kaiyu uhttps://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/publications/novel-stochastic-modeling-method02607nas a2200169 4500008003900000245006200039210006000101520204900161100001902210700001802229700001902247700001702266700002302283700002002306700002102326856009002347 2014 d00aA New Model to Simulate Energy Performance of VRF Systems0 aNew Model to Simulate Energy Performance of VRF Systems3 a

This paper presents a new model to simulate energy performance of variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems in heat pump operation mode (either cooling or heating is provided but not simultaneously). The main improvement of the new model is the introduction of the evaporating and condensing temperature in the indoor and outdoor unit capacity modifier functions. The independent variables in the capacity modifier functions of the existing VRF model in EnergyPlus are mainly room wet-bulb temperature and outdoor dry-bulb temperature in cooling mode and room dry-bulb temperature and outdoor wet-bulb temperature in heating mode. The new approach allows compliance with different specifications of each indoor unit so that the modeling accuracy is improved. The new VRF model was implemented in a custom version of EnergyPlus 7.2. This paper first describes the algorithm for the new VRF model, which is then used to simulate the energy performance of a VRF system in a Prototype House in California that complies with the requirements of Title 24 – the California Building Energy Efficiency Standards. The VRF system performance is then compared with three other types of HVAC systems: the Title 24-2005 Baseline system, the traditional High Efficiency system, and the EnergyStar Heat Pump system in three typical California climates: Sunnyvale, Pasadena and Fresno. Calculated energy savings from the VRF systems are significant. The HVAC site energy savings range from 51 to 85%, while the TDV (Time Dependent Valuation) energy savings range from 31 to 66% compared to the Title 24 Baseline Systems across the three climates. The largest energy savings are in Fresno climate followed by Sunnyvale and Pasadena. The paper discusses various characteristics of the VRF systems contributing to the energy savings. It should be noted that these savings are calculated using the Title 24 prototype House D under standard operating conditions. Actual performance of the VRF systems for real houses under real operating conditions will vary.

1 aHong, Tianzhen1 aPang, Xiufeng1 aSchetrit, Oren1 aWang, Liping1 aKasahara, Shinichi1 aYura, Yoshinori1 aHinokuma, Ryohei uhttps://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/publications/new-model-simulate-energy-performance00608nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245013400055210006900189300001200258490000700270100003100277700002100308700002900329700001700358856007500375 2009 eng d a0171-544500aNeue objektorientierte hygrothermische Modell-Bibliothek zur Ermittlung des hygrothermischen und hygienischen Komforts in Räumen0 aNeue objektorientierte hygrothermische ModellBibliothek zur Ermi a271-2780 v311 aNouidui, Thierry, Stephane1 aSedlbauer, Klaus1 aNytsch-Geusen, Christoph1 aKießl, Kurt uhttps://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/publications/neue-objektorientierte00513nas a2200109 4500008004100000245015400041210006900195260001200264100001700276700002100293856008900314 2006 eng d00aNatural ventilation simulation by using coupling building simulation and CFD simulation program for accurate prediction of indoor thermal environment0 aNatural ventilation simulation by using coupling building simula c09/20061 aWang, Liping1 aWong, Nyuk, Hien uhttps://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/publications/natural-ventilation-simulation-using00435nas a2200109 4500008004100000245008200041210006900123260001200192100001700204700001400221856009000235 2006 eng d00aA numerical study of Trombe wall for enhancing stack ventilation in buildings0 anumerical study of Trombe wall for enhancing stack ventilation i c09/20061 aWang, Liping1 aLi, Angui uhttps://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/publications/numerical-study-trombe-wall-enhancing00415nas a2200097 4500008004100000245007200041210006900113260003000182100001700212856008800229 2005 eng d00aNatural Ventilation Analysis of an Office Building with Open Atrium0 aNatural Ventilation Analysis of an Office Building with Open Atr aMontreal, canadac08/20051 aMehta, Mohit uhttps://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/publications/natural-ventilation-analysis-office00361nas a2200097 4500008004100000245004000041210003900081260003600120100001900156856008800175 2004 eng d00aNear Real-Time Weather Data Archive0 aNear RealTime Weather Data Archive aBoulder, Colorado, USAc08/20041 aLong, Nicholas uhttps://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/publications/near-real-time-weather-data-archive00439nas a2200109 4500008004100000245009300041210006900134260001200203100001700215700001400232856008300246 2004 eng d00aA numerical study of vertical solar chimney for Enhancing stack ventilation in buildings0 anumerical study of vertical solar chimney for Enhancing stack ve c09/20041 aWang, Liping1 aLi, Angui uhttps://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/publications/numerical-study-vertical-solar00461nas a2200133 4500008004100000245005300041210005200094260001200146100001600158700002400174700002000198700002600218856008300244 2004 eng d00aNumerical Tools For Particle- Fluid Interactions0 aNumerical Tools For Particle Fluid Interactions c02/20041 aCalhoun, R.1 aPhelan, Patrick, E.1 aYadav, Ajay, K.1 aBhattacharya, Prajesh uhttps://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/publications/numerical-tools-particle-fluid00551nas a2200133 4500008004100000245010500041210006900146260002900215100002500244700001800269700002200287700002500309856008300334 2002 eng d00aNon-Linear Recursive Parameter Estimation Applied to Fault Detection and Diagnosis in Real Buildings0 aNonLinear Recursive Parameter Estimation Applied to Fault Detect aLiège, Belgiumc12/20021 aBuswell, Richard, A.1 aHaves, Philip1 aSalsbury, Tim, I.1 aWright, Jonathan, A. uhttps://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/publications/non-linear-recursive-parameter01389nas a2200229 4500008004100000245009200041210006900133260001200202300001200214490000700226520069500233653002100928653002500949653002900974653001101003653001801014653001601032653001501048100002001063700001801083856005801101 2001 eng d00aA Nodal Model for Displacement Ventilation and Chilled Ceiling Systems in Office Spaces0 aNodal Model for Displacement Ventilation and Chilled Ceiling Sys c07/2001 a753-7620 v363 a

A nodal model has been developed to represent room heat transfer in displacement ventilation and chilled ceiling systems. The model uses precalculated air flow rates to predict the air temperature distribution and the division of the cooling load between the ventilation air and the chilled ceiling. The air movements in the plumes and the rest of the room are represented separately using a network of ten air nodes. The values of the capacity rate parameters are calculated by solving the heat and mass balance equations for each node using measured temperatures as inputs. Correlations between parameter values for a range of cooling loads and supply air flow rates are presented.

10aChilled ceilings10acommercial buildings10aDisplacement ventilation10aenergy10aHeat Transfer10aNodal model10asimulation1 aRees, Simon, J.1 aHaves, Philip uhttp://www.ibpsa.org/proceedings/BS1999/BS99_D-05.pdf01528nas a2200157 4500008004100000245012300041210006900164260001200233300001400245490000700259520097200266100002001238700002301258700001801281856007101299 2001 eng d00aNumerical Investigation of Transient Buoyant Flow in a Room with a Displacement Ventilation and Chilled Ceiling System0 aNumerical Investigation of Transient Buoyant Flow in a Room with c08/2001 a3067-30800 v443 a

The air flow in the office ventilation system known as displacement ventilation is dominated by a gravity current from the inlet and buoyant plumes above internal heat sources. Calculations of the flow and heat transfer in a typical office room have been made for this type of ventilation system used in conjunction with chilled ceiling panels. These calculations have been made in parallel with full size test chamber experiments. It has been found that with higher values of internal load (45 and 72 W m−2 of floor area) the flow becomes quasi-periodic in nature. Complex lateral oscillations are seen in the plumes above the heat sources which impinge on the ceiling and induce significant recirculating flows in the room. The frequency spectra of the transient calculations show good agreement with those of the experimental results. Comparison is also made between calculated mean room air speeds and temperature profiles and measured values.

1 aRees, Simon, J.1 aMcGuirk, James, J.1 aHaves, Philip uhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001793100000348301143nas a2200121 4500008004100000245009200041210006900133260002600202520069700228100002000925700001800945856005800963 1999 eng d00aA Nodal Model for Displacement Ventilation and Chilled Ceiling Systems in Office Spaces0 aNodal Model for Displacement Ventilation and Chilled Ceiling Sys aKyoto, Japanc09/19993 a

A nodal model has been developed to represent room heat transfer in displacement ventilation and chilled ceiling systems. The model uses precalculated air flow rates to predict the air temperature distribution and the division of the cooling load between the ventilation air and the chilled ceiling. The air movements in the plumes and the rest of the room are rep- resented separately using a network of ten air nodes. The values of the capacity rate parameters are calculated by solving the heat and mass balance equations for each node using measured temperatures as inputs. Correlations between parameter values for a range of cooling loads and supply air flow rates are presented.

1 aRees, Simon, J.1 aHaves, Philip uhttp://www.ibpsa.org/proceedings/BS1999/BS99_D-05.pdf02073nas a2200121 4500008004100000245007100041210006900112260002600181520164500207100002301852700001801875856005801893 1999 eng d00aNumerical Performance of a Graph-Theoretic HVAC Simulation Program0 aNumerical Performance of a GraphTheoretic HVAC Simulation Progra aKyoto, Japanc09/19993 aThe Simulation Problem Analysis and Research Kernel (SPARK) uses graph-theoretic techniques to match equations to variables and build computational graphs, yielding solution sequences indicated by needed data flow. Additionally, the problem graph is decomposed into strongly connected components, thus reducing the size of simultaneous equation sets, and small cut sets are determined, thereby reducing the number of iteration variables needed to solve each equation set. The improvement in computational efficiency produced by this graph theoretic preprocessing depends on the nature of the problem. The paper explores the improvement one might expect in practice in three ways. First, two problems chosen to span the range of performance are studied and some of the factors determining the performance are identified and discussed. The problem selected to exhibit a large improvement consists of a set of sparsely coupled non-linear equations. The problem selected to represent the other end of the performance spectrum is a set of equations obtained by discretizing Laplace's equation in two dimensions, e.g. a heat conduction problem. Execution time versus problem size is compared to that obtained with sparse matrix implementations of the same problems. Then, to see if the results of these somewhat contrived limiting cases extend to actual problems in building simulation, a detailed control system model of a six- zone VAV HVAC system is simulated with and without the use of cut set reduction. Execution times are compared between the reduced and non-reduced SPARK models, and with those from an HVACSIM+ model of the same system.1 aSowell, Edward, F.1 aHaves, Philip uhttp://www.ibpsa.org/proceedings/BS1999/BS99_A-05.pdf01057nas a2200145 4500008004100000245007300041210006900114260000900183300001200192490000700204520058400211100001900795700001400814856008300828 1997 eng d00aA new multizone model for simulation of building thermal performance0 anew multizone model for simulation of building thermal performan c1997 a123-1280 v323 a

A new multizone model which is an improvement on the state space model is presented, which is potentially more efficient in the simulation of large scale buildings than other methods such as finite difference, transfer functions, or finite volume. The modeling philosophy is firstly discussed. Then the principle and algorithm of the new model are described. Finally, a PC based program BTP developed based on state-of-the-art modeling strategy reveals its applicability with fast calculation speed and satisfactory accuracy in the modeling of building energy performance.

1 aHong, Tianzhen1 aJiang, Yi uhttps://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/publications/new-multizone-model-simulation00448nas a2200133 4500008004100000245004600041210004600087300001200133490000700145100002400152700002200176700002600198856009000224 1995 eng d00aNanofluids for Heat Transfer Applications0 aNanofluids for Heat Transfer Applications a255-2750 v141 aPhelan, Patrick, E.1 aPrasher, Ravi, S.1 aBhattacharya, Prajesh uhttps://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/publications/nanofluids-heat-transfer-applications00539nas a2200145 4500008003900000245005700039210005500096260007100151100002100222700001700243700002000260700002200280700003000302856006100332 1985 d00aNew Features of the DOE-2.1c Energy Analysis Program0 aNew Features of the DOE21c Energy Analysis Program bInternational Building Performance Simulation Associationc01/19851 aBuhl, Walter, F.1 aErdem, Ender1 aEto, Joseph, H.1 aHirsch, James, J.1 aWinkelmann, Frederick, C. uhttp://www.ibpsa.org/proceedings/BS1985/BS85_195_200.pdf