02848nas a2200145 4500008004100000024002000041245004500061210004500106260002400151520237200175100002102547700002202568700002202590856009002612 2008 eng d aESL-HH-08-12-2700aReducing Energy Use In Florida Buildings0 aReducing Energy Use In Florida Buildings aDallas, TXc12/20083 a

The 2007 Florida Building Code (ICC, 2008) requires building designers and architects to achieve a minimum energy efficiency rating for commercial buildings located throughout Florida. Although the Florida Building Code is strict in the minimum requirements for new construction, several aspects of building construction can be further improved through careful thought and design. This report outlines several energy saving features that can be used to ensure that new buildings meet a new target goal of 85% energy use compared to the 2007 energy code in order to achieve Governor Crist's executive order to improve the energy code by 15%.

To determine if a target goal of 85% building energy use is attainable, a computer simulation study was performed to determine the energy saving features available which are, in most cases, stricter than the current Florida Building Code. The energy savings features include improvements to building envelop, fenestration, lighting and equipment, and HVAC efficiency. The imp acts of reducing outside air requirements and employing solar water heating were also investigated. Th e purpose of the energy saving features described in this document is intended to provide a simple, prescriptive method for reducing energy consumption using the methodology outlined in ASHRAE Standard 90.1 (ASHRAE, 2007).

There are two difficulties in trying to achieve savings in non-residential structures. First, there is significant energy use caused by internal loads for people and equipment and it is difficult to use the energy code to achieve savings in this area relative to a baseline. Secondly, the ASHRAE methodology uses some of the same features that are proposed for the new building, so it may be difficult to claim savings for some strategies that will produce savings such as improved ventilation controls, reduced window area, or reduced plug loads simply because the methodology applies those features to the comparison reference building.

Several measures to improve the building envelope characteristics were simulated. Simply using the selected envelope measures resulted in savings of less than 10% for all building types. However, if such measures are combined with aggressive lighting reductions and improved efficiency HVAC equipment and controls, a target savings of 15% is easily attainable.

1 aRaustad, Richard1 aBasarkar, Mangesh1 aVieira, Robin, K. uhttps://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/publications/reducing-energy-use-florida-buildings02129nas a2200157 4500008004100000245011200041210006900153260001600222520154600238100001901784700001601803700002201819700002101841700002101862856008801883 2006 eng d00aDehumidification Enhancement of Direct Expansion Systems through Component Augmentation of the Cooling Coil0 aDehumidification Enhancement of Direct Expansion Systems through aOrlando, FL3 a

Diverse air conditioning products with enhanced dehumidification features are being introduced to meet the increased moisture laden ventilation air requirements of ASHRAE Standard 62 in humid climates. In this evaluation, state point performance spreadsheet models for single path, mixed air packaged systems compare a conventional "off the shelf" direct expansion (DX) cooling system and its performance to systems that augment the DX coil with enhanced dehumidification components, such as heat exchangers and desiccant dehumidifiers. Using common performance metrics for comparisons at ARI rating conditions, these alternative systems define a best practice for enhanced dehumidification performance. The state point performance spreadsheet models combine available algorithms from the EnergyPlus™ simulation program for DX coils and heat exchangers with newly developed algorithms for desiccant dehumidifiers. All the models and their algorithms are applied in EnergyPlus™ for simulations of annual system cooling performance, including sensible and latent loads met, energy consumed, and humidity levels maintained, in select building types and climatic locations. Per this EnergyPlus™ analysis, these enhanced dehumidification systems present challenging decision-making tradeoffs between humidity control improvements over conventional DX systems, condensing (compressor) unit energy consumption reductions versus DX cool and reheat approaches, and fan energy use increases due to the additional component pressure drops.

1 aKosar, Douglas1 aShirey, Don1 aBasarkar, Mangesh1 aSwami, Muthasamy1 aRaustad, Richard uhttps://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/publications/dehumidification-enhancement-direct