00504nas a2200121 4500008004100000245012700041210006900168300001200237490000800249100001800257700001900275856008800294 2011 eng d00aPrevention of Compressor Short Cycling in Direct-Expansion (DX) Rooftop Units, Part 1: Theoretical Analysis and Simulation0 aPrevention of Compressor Short Cycling in DirectExpansion DX Roo a666-6760 v1171 aPang, Xiufeng1 aLiu, Mingsheng uhttps://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/publications/prevention-compressor-short-cycling00492nas a2200121 4500008004100000245011300041210006900154300001200223490000800235100001800243700001900261856009000280 2011 eng d00aPrevention of Compressor Short Cycling in Direct-Expansion (DX) Rooftop Units— Part 2: Field Investigation0 aPrevention of Compressor Short Cycling in DirectExpansion DX Roo a677-6850 v1171 aPang, Xiufeng1 aLiu, Mingsheng uhttps://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/publications/prevention-compressor-short-cycling-000555nas a2200157 4500008004100000245009400041210006900135300001200204490000800216100001900224700001900243700001500262700001600277700001800293856008600311 2010 eng d00aImpacts of Static Pressure Reset on VAV System Air Leakage, Fan Power, and Thermal Energy0 aImpacts of Static Pressure Reset on VAV System Air Leakage Fan P a428-4360 v1161 aLiu, Mingsheng1 aFeng, Jingjuan1 aWang, Zhan1 aZheng, Keke1 aPang, Xiufeng uhttps://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/publications/impacts-static-pressure-reset-vav02303nas a2200169 4500008004100000245008100041210006900122300001200191490000800203520174400211100001401955700001901969700001801988700001502006700002202021856009002043 2009 eng d00aCCLEP Reduces Energy Consumption by More than 50% for a Luxury Shopping Mall0 aCCLEP Reduces Energy Consumption by More than 50 for a Luxury Sh a492-5010 v1153 a
The Continuous Commissioning Leading Project (CCLEP) process is an ongoing process to apply system optimization theory and advanced technologies to commercial retrofit projects. It was developed by Liu et al (2006) through a U.S. Department of Energy grant to the University of Nebraska and the Omaha Public Power District (OPPD) for continuous commissioning applications in commercial retrofit projects. The CCLEP process, procedures and seven case study results have already been presented (Liu et al 2006).
CCLEP was applied to a luxury shopping mall and office building. The case study building has ten single fan dual-duct VAV AHUs, 123 dual-duct pneumatic controller pressure independent terminal boxes, and a central heating and cooling plant. Major retrofit efforts include upgrading pneumatic to DDC controls for all AHUs, installing main hot deck dampers, replacing the boiler, installing VFD on fans and pumps, and installing Fan Airflow Stations (FAS) and Pump Waterflow Stations (PWS). This paper presents the optimal control strategies, which include main hot deck damper control, supply fan control integrated with FAS, return fan control, optimal control for terminal boxes, chilled water temperature and chilled water pump speed control, hot water temperature and hot water pump control. The measured hourly utility data after CCLEP show that annual HVAC electricity consumption is reduced by 56% and gas use is reduced by 36%.
This paper demonstrates the energy savings and system performance improvement through retrofits and optimal system control. This paper will present the case study building information, CCLEP major retrofits, CCLEP optimal control strategies, CCLEP results and conclusions
1 aWu, Lixia1 aLiu, Mingsheng1 aPang, Xiufeng1 aWang, Gang1 aLewis, Thomas, G. uhttps://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/publications/cclep-reduces-energy-consumption-more02419nas a2200157 4500008004100000245007800041210006900119260001200188300001200200490000800212520190100220100001902121700001902140700001802159856008402177 2009 eng d00aImproving Control and Operation of a Single Duct VAV System through CCLEP0 aImproving Control and Operation of a Single Duct VAV System thro c07/2009 a760-7680 v1153 aWith the energy crisis of the early 1970s came the realization that buildings could be made much more efficient without sacrificing comfort. Over the last 30 years, use of variable air volume systems has become common practice. Many variable air volume (VAV) systems with pneumatic controls were installed in the 1980s and are still in use. However, these systems often have outdated control strategies and deficient mechanical systems are deficient, which may cause occupant discomfort and excess energy consumption.
An ASHRAE committee proposed building commissioning in 1988 to ensure that system performance met design specifications. Continuous Commissioning (CC[R]) technology was developed and implemented in 1992. CC is an ongoing process to resolve operating problems, improve comfort, optimize energy use and identify retrofits for existing commercial and institutional buildings and central plant facilities [1-5]. Since 1999, the Energy Systems Laboratory (ESL) at the University of Nebraska has conducted extensive research to implement optimal system control during the design phase and finalize the optimal setpoints after system installation. ESL researchers have developed and implemented the Continuous Commissioning Leading Energy Project (CCLEP) process with federal and industry support. The CCLEP process has two stages: the contracting stage and the implementation stage. During the contracting stage, a comprehensive technical evaluation is performed. The CCLEP implementation stage involves planning, retrofit and trouble shooting, and optimization and follow-up. The CCLEP process, procedures and seven case study results are presented in [6].
This paper presents information on the case study facility, existing and improved control sequences, and building performance improvement and energy consumption measures before and after CCLEP implementation
1 aCho, Young-Hum1 aLiu, Mingsheng1 aPang, Xiufeng uhttps://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/publications/improving-control-and-operation00430nas a2200121 4500008004100000245004800041210004800089260002800137100001900165700001900184700001800203856008700221 2007 eng d00aEconomizer Control Using Mixed Air Enthalpy0 aEconomizer Control Using Mixed Air Enthalpy aSan Francisco, CAc20071 aFeng, Jingjuan1 aLiu, Mingsheng1 aPang, Xiufeng uhttps://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/publications/economizer-control-using-mixed-air00519nas a2200133 4500008004100000245009500041210006900136260002500205100001400230700001900244700001500263700001800278856008900296 2007 eng d00aIntegrated Static Pressure Reset with Fan Air Flow Station in Dual-duct VAV System Control0 aIntegrated Static Pressure Reset with Fan Air Flow Station in Du aLong Beach, CAc20071 aWu, Lixia1 aLiu, Mingsheng1 aWang, Gang1 aPang, Xiufeng uhttps://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/publications/integrated-static-pressure-reset-fan00483nas a2200121 4500008004100000245008300041210006900124260002800193100001900221700001800240700001900258856008400277 2007 eng d00aVAV System Optimization through Continuous Commissioning in an Office Building0 aVAV System Optimization through Continuous Commissioning in an O aSan Francisco, CAc20071 aCho, Young-Hum1 aPang, Xiufeng1 aLiu, Mingsheng uhttps://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/publications/vav-system-optimization-through00457nas a2200121 4500008004100000245006500041210006500106260002600171100001800197700001300215700001900228856008800247 2006 eng d00aCase Study of Continuous Commissioning in an Office Building0 aCase Study of Continuous Commissioning in an Office Building aShenzhen, Chinac20061 aPang, Xiufeng1 aZheng, B1 aLiu, Mingsheng uhttps://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/publications/case-study-continuous-commissioning00455nas a2200121 4500008004100000245006400041210006400105260002500169100001800194700001300212700001900225856008900244 2005 eng d00aBuilding Pressure Control in VAV System with Relief Air Fan0 aBuilding Pressure Control in VAV System with Relief Air Fan aPittsburgh, PAc20051 aPang, Xiufeng1 aZheng, B1 aLiu, Mingsheng uhttps://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/publications/building-pressure-control-vav-system00424nas a2200121 4500008004100000245005100041210005100092260002500143100001300168700001900181700001800200856008400218 2005 eng d00aContinuous Commissioning of an Office Building0 aContinuous Commissioning of an Office Building aPittsburgh, PAc20051 aZheng, B1 aLiu, Mingsheng1 aPang, Xiufeng uhttps://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/publications/continuous-commissioning-office00476nas a2200121 4500008004100000245008500041210006900126260002200195100001300217700001800230700001900248856008700267 2005 eng d00aUsing a Fan Air Flow Station to Control Building Static Pressure in a VAV System0 aUsing a Fan Air Flow Station to Control Building Static Pressure aOrlando, FLc20051 aZheng, B1 aPang, Xiufeng1 aLiu, Mingsheng uhttps://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/publications/using-fan-air-flow-station-control01366nas a2200145 4500008004100000245010700041210006900148260002800217520080900245100001801054700002201072700002001094700001901114856008701133 2001 eng d00aUse of Whole Building Simulation in On-Line Performance Assessment: Modeling and Implementation Issues0 aUse of Whole Building Simulation in OnLine Performance Assessmen aRio de Janeiroc08/20013 aThe application of model-based performance assessment at the whole building level is explored. The information requirements for a simulation to predict the actual performance of a particular real building, as opposed to estimating the impact of design options, are addressed with particular attention to common sources of input error and important deficiencies in most simulation models. The role of calibrated simulations is discussed. The communication requirements for passive monitoring and active testing are identified and the possibilities for using control system communications protocols to link on-line simulation and energy management and control systems are discussed. The potential of simulation programs to act as "plug-and-play" components on building control networks is discussed.
1 aHaves, Philip1 aSalsbury, Tim, I.1 aClaridge, David1 aLiu, Mingsheng uhttps://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/publications/use-whole-building-simulation-line