01863nas a2200205 4500008004100000245009300041210006900134260000900203520116400212653002401376653001801400653003501418653001601453653002301469100002401492700001701516700001601533700001901549856008901568 2019 eng d00aComparison of MPC Formulations for Building Control under Commercial Time-of-Use Tariffs0 aComparison of MPC Formulations for Building Control under Commer c20193 a

Most medium and large commercial buildings in the U.S. are subject to complex electricity tariffs that combine both Time-of-Use (TOU) energy and demand charges. This study analyses the performances of different economic Model Predictive Control (MPC) formulations, from the standpoints of monthly bill reduction, load shifting, and peak demand reduction. Simulations are performed on many simplified commercial building models, with multiple TOU demand charges, and under various summer conditions. Results show that compared to energy-only MPC, the traditional method for dealing with demand charges significantly
reduces peak demand and owner bill, however, highlight a lack of load shifting capability. A proposed incremental approach
is presented, which better balances the bill components in the objective function. In the case study presented, this method
can improve monthly bill savings and increase load shifting during demand response events, while keeping a similarly low
peak demand, compared to traditional MPC methods taking into account demand charges.

10acommercial building10ademand charge10aModel predictive control (MPC)10apeak demand10atime-of-use tarrif1 aVan Cutsem, Olivier1 aKayal, Maher1 aBlum, David1 aPritoni, Marco uhttps://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/publications/comparison-mpc-formulations-building