02453nas a2200253   4500008004100000245013600041210006900177260001200246300001200258490000800270520159800278653002101876653002301897653003201920653001601952653001901968653001401987653002502001653001802026100002302044700001902067700002902086856008402115       2017                        eng d00aAnalysis of heating load diversity in German residential districts and implications for the application in district heating systems0 aAnalysis of heating load diversity in German residential distric  c01/2017  a302-3130 v1393 a<p>In recent years, the application of district heating systems for the heat supply of residential districts has been increasing in Germany. Central supply systems can be very efficient due to diverse energy demand profiles which may lead to reduced installed equipment capacity. Load diversity in buildings has been investigated in former studies, especially for the electricity demand. However, little is known about the influence of single building characteristics (such as building envelope or hot water demand) on the overall heating peak load of a residential district. For measuring the diversity, the peak load ratio (PLR) index is used to represent the percentage reduction of peak load of a district system from a simple sum of individual peak loads of buildings. A total of 144 residential building load profiles have been created with the dynamic building simulation software IDA ICE for a theoretical analysis in which the PLR reaches 15%. Within this study, certain district features are identified which lead to higher diversity. Furthermore, these results are used in a district heating simulation model which confronts the possible advantage of reduced installed capacity with the practical disadvantage of heat distribution losses.&nbsp; Likewise, the influence of load density and the district´s building structure can be analyzed. This study shows that especially in districts with high load density, which consist of newly constructed buildings with low supply temperature and high influence of the hot water demand, the advantages of load diversity can be exploited.</p>10adistrict heating10adomestic hot water10adynamic building simulation10aheat supply10aLoad diversity10apeak load10aresidential district10aspace heating1 aWeissmann, Claudia1 aHong, Tianzhen1 aGraubner, Carl-Alexander  uhttps://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/publications/analysis-heating-load-diversity