@article {308,
	title = {Analysis of an Information Monitoring and Diagnostic System to Improve Building Operations},
	journal = {Energy and Buildings},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2001},
	month = {10/2001},
	pages = {783-792},
	chapter = {783},
	abstract = {<p>This paper discusses a demonstration of a technology to address the problem that buildings do not perform as well as anticipated during design. We partnered with an innovative building operator to evaluate a prototype information monitoring and diagnostic system (IMDS). The IMDS consists of a set of high-quality sensors, data acquisition software and hardware, and data visualization software including a web-based remote access system, that can be used to identify control problems and equipment faults. The information system allowed the operators to make more effective use of the building control system and freeing up time to take care of other tenant needs. They report observing significant improvements in building comfort, potentially improving tenant health and productivity. The reduction in the labor costs to operate the building is about US$ 20,000 per year, which alone could pay for the information system in about 5 years. A control system retrofit based on findings from the information system is expected to reduce energy use by 20\% over the next year, worth over US$ 30,000 per year in energy cost savings. The operators are recommending that similar technology be adopted in other buildings.</p>},
	keywords = {building control system, building operation, imds},
	doi = {10.1016/S0378-7788(01)00068-8},
	author = {Mary Ann Piette and Satkartar T. Khalsa and Philip Haves}
}
@proceedings {309,
	title = {Model-based Performance Monitoring: Review of Diagnostic Methods and Chiller Case Study},
	year = {2000},
	month = {08/2000},
	address = {Asilomar, California, USA},
	abstract = {<p>The paper commences by reviewing the variety of technical approaches to the problem of detecting and diagnosing faulty operation in order to improve the actual performance of buildings. The review covers manual and automated methods, active testing and passive monitoring, the different classes of models used in fault detection, and methods of diagnosis. The process of model-based fault detection is then illustrated by describing the use of relatively simple empirical models of chiller energy performance to monitor equipment degradation and control problems. The CoolTools{\texttrademark} chiller model identification package is used to fit the DOE-2 chiller model to on-site measurements from a building instrumented with high quality sensors. The need for simple algorithms to reject transient data, detect power surges and identify control problems is discussed, as is the use of energy balance checks to detect sensor problems. The accuracy with which the chiller model can be expected to predict performance is assessed from the goodness of fit obtained and the implications for fault detection sensitivity and sensor accuracy requirements are discussed. A case study is described in which the model was applied retroactively to high-quality data collected in a San Francisco office building as part of a related project (Piette et al. 1999).</p>},
	author = {Philip Haves and Satkartar T. Khalsa}
}
@proceedings {311,
	title = {Use of an Information Monitoring and Diagnostic System for Commissioning and Ongoing Operations},
	year = {2000},
	month = {05/2000},
	abstract = {This paper discusses a demonstration of a technology to address the problem that buildings do not perform as well as anticipated during design. We partnered with an innovative building operator to evaluate a prototype Information Monitoring and Diagnostic System (IMDS). The IMDS consists of a set of high-quality sensors, data acquisition software and hardware, and data visualization software, including a web-based remote access system that can be used to identify control problems and equipment faults. The IMDS allowed the operators to make more effective use of the control system, freeing up time to take care of other tenant needs. The operators report observing significant improvements in building comfort, potentially improving tenant health and productivity. Reduction in hours to operate the building are worth about $20,000 per year, which alone could pay for the IMDS in about five years. A control system retrofit based on findings from the IMDS is expected to reduce energy use by 20 percent over the next year, worth over $30,000 per year in energy cost savings. The operators recommend that similar technology be adopted in other buildings. While the current IMDS is oriented toward manual, human-based diagnostic techniques, we also evaluated automated diagnostic techniques. Strategies for utilizing results from this demonstration to influence commercial building performance monitoring for commissioning and operations will be discussed. Background},
	url = {http://imds.lbl.gov/pubs/paper383.pdf},
	author = {Mary Ann Piette and Satkartar T. Khalsa and Philip Haves}
}
