@article {60948, title = {Occupant Behavior Modeling for Building Performance Simulation: Current State and Future Challenges}, journal = {Energy and Buildings}, volume = {107}, year = {2015}, month = {11/2015}, pages = {264-278}, abstract = {

Occupant behavior is now widely recognized as a major contributing factor to uncertainty of building performance. While a surge of research on the topic has occurred over the past four decades, and particularly the past few years, there are many gaps in knowledge and limitations to current methodologies. This paper outlines the state-of-the-art research, current obstacles and future needs and directions for the following four-step iterative process: (1) occupant monitoring and data collection, (2) model development, (3) model evaluation, and (4) model implementation into building simulation tools. Major themes include the need for greater rigor in experimental methodologies; detailed, honest, and candid reporting of methods and results; and development of an efficient means to implement occupant behavior models and integrate them into building energy modeling programs.

}, keywords = {building simulation, energy efficiency, energy modeling, energy use, occupant behavior}, doi = {10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.08.032}, author = {Da Yan and William O{\textquoteright}Brien and Tianzhen Hong and Xiaohang Feng and H. Burak Gunay and Farhang Tahmasebi and Ardeshir Mahdavi} } @article {3443, title = {Transforming BIM to BEM: Generation of Building Geometry for the NASA Ames Sustainability Base BIM}, year = {2013}, month = {01/2013}, author = {James O{\textquoteright}Donnell and Tobias Maile and Cody Rose and Natasa Mrazovic and Elmer Morrissey and Cynthia Regnier and Kristen Parrish and Vladimir Bazjanac} } @conference {3180, title = {Mapping Hvac Systems for Simulation In EnergyPlus}, booktitle = {SimBuild 2012 IBPSA Conference}, year = {2012}, month = {07/2012}, address = {Madison, WI, USA}, abstract = {

For building energy simulation tools to be accessible to designers, tool interfaces should present a conventional view of HVAC systems to the user, and then map this view to the internal data model used in the tool. The paper outlines a process that enables design engineers to create HVAC system representations using industry standard terminology and system, icon and typological representations and convert that unified representation into the format required by the whole building energy simulation tool EnergyPlus. This paper describes each stage of the conversion process, which involves transformations between the following representations: 1) engineer{\textquoteright}s representation, 2) component connectivity representation, 3) representation in the internal data model used in the Simergy graphical user interface for EnergyPlus, and 4) EnergyPlus representation.

The paper also describes mappings between these representations and the development of a rule-based validation and assignment framework required to implement that mapping. In addition, the paper describes the implementation of this process in Simergy.

}, author = {Tobias Maile and Mangesh Basarkar and James O{\textquoteright}Donnell and Philip Haves and Kevin Settlemyre} } @conference {2631, title = {An Assessment of the use of Building Energy Performance Simulation in Early Design}, booktitle = {IBPSA Building Simulation 2011}, year = {2011}, month = {11/2011}, address = {Sydney, Australia}, author = {Vladimir Bazjanac and Tobias Maile and Cody Rose and James O{\textquoteright}Donnell and Natasa Mrazovic and Elmer Morrissey and Welle, Benjamin} } @article {2582, title = {Calibrating whole building energy models: An evidence-based methodology}, journal = {Energy and Buildings}, volume = {43}, year = {2011}, month = {09/2011}, pages = {2356-2364}, chapter = {2356}, abstract = {

This paper reviews existing case studies and methods for calibrating whole building energy models to measured data. This research describes a systematic, evidence-based methodology for the calibration of these models. Under this methodology, parameter values in the final calibrated model reference the source of information used to make changes to the initial model. Thus, the final model is based solely on evidence. Version control software stores a complete record of the calibration process, and the evidence on which the final model is based. Future users can review the changes made throughout the calibration process along with the supporting evidence. In addition to the evidence-based methodology, this paper also describes a new zoning process that represents the real building more closely than the typical core and four perimeter zone approach. Though the methodology is intended to apply to detailed calibration studies with high resolution measured data, the primary aspects of the methodology (evidence-based approach, version control, and zone-typing) are independent of the available measured data.

}, keywords = {calibration, Methodology, retrofit, simulation, Version control, Whole building energy model}, doi = {10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.05.020}, author = {Paul Raferty and Marcus Keane and James O{\textquoteright}Donnell} } @conference {2635, title = {Data Enviroments and Processing in Sem-Automated Simulation with EnergyPlus}, booktitle = {CIB W078-W102}, year = {2011}, address = {Sophia Antipolis, France}, author = {Vladimir Bazjanac and Tobias Maile and James O{\textquoteright}Donnell and Cody Rose and Natasa Mrazovic} } @conference {2633, title = {Development of a user interface for the EnergyPlus whole building energy simulation program}, booktitle = {IBPSA Building Simulation 2011}, year = {2011}, month = {11/2011}, address = {Sydney, Australia}, author = {Richard See and Philip Haves and Pramod Sreekanathan and Mangesh Basarkar and James O{\textquoteright}Donnell and Kevin Settlemyre} } @article {2583, title = {Multi-Criteria Optimisation using Past, Real Time and Predictive Performance Benchmarks}, journal = {Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory}, volume = {19}, year = {2011}, month = {04/2011}, pages = {1258-1265}, chapter = {1258}, author = {Torrens, J. Ignacio and Marcus Keane and Andrea Costa and James O{\textquoteright}Donnell} } @proceedings {2787, title = {Real-time Building Energy Simulation using EnergyPlus and the Building Controls Virtual Test Bed}, journal = {Proc. of the 12th IBPSA Conference}, year = {2011}, month = {11/2011}, pages = {p. 2890-2896}, address = {Sydney, Australia}, abstract = {

Most commercial buildings do not perform as well in practice as intended by the design and their performances often deteriorate over time. Reasons include faulty construction, malfunctioning equipment, incorrectly configured control systems and inappropriate operating procedures (Haves et al., 2001, Lee et al., 2007). To address this problem, the paper presents a simulation-based whole building performance monitoring tool that allows a comparison of building actual performance and expected performance in real time. The tool continuously acquires relevant building model input variables from existing Energy Management and Control System (EMCS). It then reports expected energy consumption as simulated of EnergyPlus. The Building Control Virtual Test Bed (BCVTB) is used as the software platform to provide data linkage between the EMCS, an EnergyPlus model, and a database. This paper describes the integrated real-time simulation environment. A proof-of-concept demonstration is also presented in the paper.

}, author = {Xiufeng Pang and Prajesh Bhattacharya and Zheng O{\textquoteright}Neill and Philip Haves and Michael Wetter and Trevor Bailey} } @conference {2630, title = {SimModel: A domain data model for whole building energy simulation}, booktitle = {IBPSA Building Simulation 2011}, year = {2011}, month = {10/2011}, abstract = {

Many inadequacies exist within industry-standard data models as used by present-day whole-building energy simulation software. Tools such as EnergyPlus and DOE-2 use custom schema definitions (IDD and BDL respectively) as opposed to standardized schema definitions (defined in XSD, EXPRESS, etc.). Non-standard data modes lead to a requirement for application developers to develop bespoke interfaces. Such tools have proven to be error prone in their implementation {\textendash} typically resulting in information loss.

This paper presents a Simulation Domain Model (SimModel) - a new interoperable XML-based data model for the building simulation domain. SimModel provides a consistent data model across all aspects of the building simulation process, thus preventing information loss. The model accounts for new simulation tool architectures, existing and future systems, components and features. In addition, it is a multi-representation model that enables integrated geometric and MEP simulation configuration data. The SimModel objects ontology moves away from tool-specific, non-standard nomenclature by implementing an industry-validated terminology aligned with Industry Foundation Classes (IFC).

The first implementation of SimModel supports translations from IDD, Open Studio IDD, gbXML and IFC. In addition, the EnergyPlus Graphic User Interface (GUI) employs SimModel as its internal data model. Ultimately, SimModel will form the basis for a new IFC Model View Definition (MVD) that will enable data exchange from HVAC Design applications to Energy Analysis applications. Extensions to SimModel could easily support other data formats and simulations (e.g. Radiance, COMFEN, etc.).

}, author = {James O{\textquoteright}Donnell and Richard See and Cody Rose and Tobias Maile and Vladimir Bazjanac and Philip Haves} } @conference {2634, title = {A software tool to compare measured and simulated building energy performance data}, booktitle = {IBPSA Building Simulation 2011}, year = {2011}, month = {11/2011}, address = {Sydney, Australia}, abstract = {

Building energy performance is often inadequate when compared to design goals. To link design goals to actual operation one can compare measured with simulated energy performance data. Our previously developed comparison approach is the Energy Performance Comparison Methodology (EPCM), which enables the identification of performance problems based on a comparison of measured and simulated performance data. In context of this method, we developed a software tool that provides graphing and data processing capabilities of the two performance data sets. The software tool called SEE IT (Stanford Energy Efficiency Information Tool) eliminates the need for manual generation of data plots and data reformatting. SEE IT makes the generation of time series, scatter and carpet plots independent of the source of data (measured or simulated) and provides a valuable tool for comparing measurements with simulation results. SEE IT also allows assigning data points on a predefined building object hierarchy and supports different versions of simulated performance data. This paper briefly introduces the EPCM, describes the SEE IT tool and illustrates its use in the context of a building case study.

}, author = {Tobias Maile and Vladimir Bazjanac and James O{\textquoteright}Donnell and Matthew Garr} } @conference {2632, title = {Systematic Development of an Operational BIM Utilising Simulation and Performance Data in Building Operation}, booktitle = {IBPSA Building Simulation 2011}, year = {2011}, month = {11/2011}, address = {Sydney, Australia}, author = {Edward Corry and Marcus Keane and James O{\textquoteright}Donnell and Andrea Costa} } @proceedings {393, title = {Automated Continuous Commissioning of Commercial Buildings}, journal = {DoD SERDP-ESTCP Partners in Environmental Technology Technical Symposium and Workshop}, year = {2010}, month = {11/2010}, address = {Washington, D.C.}, author = {Trevor Bailey and Zheng O{\textquoteright}Neill and Madhusudana Shashanka and Prajesh Bhattacharya and Philip Haves and Xiufeng Pang} } @article {2841, title = {BuildWise Final Report}, year = {2010}, type = {Technical Report}, author = {Marcus Keane and Andrea Costa and James O{\textquoteright}Donnell and Karsten Menzel and Dirk, Alan} } @conference {2636, title = {Energy Monitoring Systems value, issues and recommendations based on five case studies}, booktitle = {Clima 2010 conference}, year = {2010}, address = {Antalya, Turkey}, author = {Paul Raferty and Marcus Keane and James O{\textquoteright}Donnell and Andrea Costa} } @conference {2629, title = {Key Factors - Methodology for Enhancement and Support of Building Energy Performance}, booktitle = {Building Simulation 2009}, year = {2009}, address = {Glasgow, Scotland}, abstract = {

This paper presents the Key Factors methodology that supports energy managers in determining the optimal building operation strategy in relation to both energy consumption and thermal comfort. The methodology is supported by the utilisation of calibrated building energy simulation models that match measured data gathered by an extensive measurement framework. The paper outlines the proposed methodology defining the underpinning concepts and illustrating the performance metrics required to capture the effect of different building operation strategies. A brief case study is discussed to demonstrate the application of the methodology.

}, url = {http://zuse.ucc.ie/iruse/papersNew/AndreaGlasgow.pdf}, author = {Andrea Costa and Marcus Keane and Paul Raferty and James O{\textquoteright}Donnell} } @conference {3383, title = {Multi-criteria optimisation using past, historical, real time and predictive performance benchmarks}, booktitle = {SEEP 2009: 3rd International Conference on Sustainable Energy \& Environmental Protection}, year = {2009}, author = {Torrens, J. Ignacio and Marcus Keane and James O{\textquoteright}Donnell and Andrea Costa} } @conference {2638, title = {Pervasive Knowledge-Based Networking for Maintenance Inspection in Smart Buildings}, booktitle = {MUCS 2009: 6th IEEE International Workshop on Managing Ubiquitous Communications and Services}, year = {2009}, address = {Barcelona, Spain}, author = {Paul Mara and Declan O{\textquoteright}Sullivan and Rob Brennan and Marcus Keane and Kris McGlinn and James O{\textquoteright}Donnell} } @proceedings {58, title = {Standardization of thermo-fluid modeling in Modelica.Fluid 1.0}, journal = {Proc. of the 7th International Modelica Conference}, volume = {43}, year = {2009}, month = {09/2009}, publisher = {Link{\"o}ping University Electronic Press}, edition = {13}, address = {Como, Italy}, abstract = {

This article discusses the Modelica.Fluid library that has been included in the Modelica Standard Library 3.1. Modelica.Fluid provides interfaces and basic components for the device-oriented modeling of one dimensional thermo-fluid flow in networks containing vessels; pipes; fluid machines; valves and fittings.

A unique feature of Modelica.Fluid is that the component equations and the media models as well as pressure loss and heat transfer correlations are decoupled from each other. All components are implemented such that they can be used for media from the Modelica.Media library. This means that an incompressible or compressible medium; a single or a multiple substance medium with one or more phases might be used with one and the same model as long as the modeling assumptions made hold. Furthermore;

trace substances are supported. Modeling assumptions can be configured globally in an outer System object. This covers in particular the initialization; uni- or bi-directional flow; and dynamic or steady-state formulation of mass; energy; and momentum balance. All assumptions can be locally refined for every component.

While Modelica.Fluid contains a reasonable set of component models; the goal of the library is not to provide a comprehensive set of models; but rather to provide interfaces and best practices for the treatment of issues such as connector design and implementation of energy; mass and momentum balances. Applications from various domains are presented.

}, keywords = {modelica}, isbn = {978-91-7393-513-5}, doi = {10.3384/ecp0943}, url = {http://www.ep.liu.se/ecp_article/index.en.aspx?issue=043;article=13}, author = {R{\"u}diger Franke and Francesco Casella and Martin Otter and Katrin Proelss and Michael Sielemann and Michael Wetter} } @conference {2641, title = {Design of Underlying Network Infrastructure of Smart Buildings}, booktitle = {2008 IET 4th International Conference on Intelligent Environments}, year = {2008}, month = {07/2008}, address = {Seattle, WA}, abstract = {

Wireless Building Management Systems (BMS) are an attractive option when it comes to building retrofitting due to the cost constraints introduced by wired systems. A crucial part of the wireless BMS is the initial planning stage, this process can be impossible for a designer to undertake, therefore highlighting the requirement for a software design tool to aid in this process.

}, keywords = {design, optimisation, Wireless BMS}, isbn = {978-0-86341-894-5 }, url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=4629790}, author = {Alan McGibney and Martin Klepal and James O{\textquoteright}Donnell} } @conference {2640, title = {Integrating the Specification, Acquisition and Processing of Building Performance Information}, booktitle = {12th International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering}, year = {2008}, month = {10/2008}, address = {Beijing, China}, author = {Martin Keller and James O{\textquoteright}Donnell and Karsten Menzel and Marcus Keane and Ufuk G{\"o}k{\c c}e} } @conference {2649, title = {Specification of an Information Delivery Tool to Support Optimal Holistic Environmental and Energy Management in Buildings}, booktitle = {SimBuild 2008}, year = {2008}, month = {07/2008}, address = {Berkeley, CA, USA}, author = {James O{\textquoteright}Donnell and Marcus Keane and Vladimir Bazjanac} } @conference {2639, title = {Utilisation of Whole Building Energy Simulation Output to Provide Optimum Decision Support for Building Managers}, booktitle = {SimBuild 2008}, year = {2008}, address = {Berkeley, CA}, author = {James O{\textquoteright}Donnell and Marcus Keane and Vladimir Bazjanac} } @conference {2656, title = {Potential of Buried Pipes Systems and Derived Techniques for Passive Cooling of Buildings in Brazilian Climates}, booktitle = {Proc. Building Simulation 2007}, year = {2007}, month = {09/2007}, address = {Beijing, China}, author = {Pierre Hollmuller and Joyce Carlo and Martin Ordenes and Fernando Westphal and Roberto Lamberts} } @article {2584, title = {Using Indicators to Profile Energy Consumption and Inform Energy Policy in a University - A Case Study in Ireland}, journal = {Energy and Buildings}, volume = {39}, year = {2007}, month = {08/2007}, pages = {913-922}, chapter = {913}, abstract = {

The services sector has the least amount of energy end use data available, which poses significant challenges to companies within the sector attempting to benchmark their energy performance and inform energy management decisions. This paper explores through a case study analysis the use of simple performance indicators and how additional data and new metrics can greatly enhance the understanding of energy trends and in particular the assessment of building energy performance. The country chosen for the analysis is Ireland, where the services sector has experienced high energy demand growth since 1990 (4.1\% annually) compared with the EU-15 (1.5\% annually). Despite this growth, the available energy data is poor, in particular for the public service sub-sectors. The case study chosen is an institution within the education sub-sector, University College Cork. The paper presents some simple energy performance indicators that have been used to date to inform energy policy. The paper then introduces new approaches and tools for assessing energy performance in buildings and how these may be utilised to improve the energy policy decision making and energy management. It discusses how these approaches are been implemented for buildings with separate functions, presents some initial results and discusses future planned work.

}, keywords = {building energy performance, Energy in services sector, energy policy, University}, doi = {10.1016/j.enbuild.2006.11.005}, author = {Brian {\'O} Gallach{\'o}ir and Marcus Keane and Elmer Morrissey and James O{\textquoteright}Donnell} } @proceedings {2808, title = {Thermal Performance Simulation of an Atrium Building}, journal = {eSim 2006}, year = {2006}, month = {05/2006}, address = {Toronto, Canada}, author = {{\"O}zg{\"u}r G{\"o}{\c c}er and Aslihan Tavil and Ertan {\"O}zkan} } @conference {2816, title = {Building Effectiveness Communication Ratios for Improved Building Life Cycle Management}, booktitle = {IBPSA Building Simulation Conference 2005}, year = {2005}, month = {08/2005}, address = {Montr{\'e}al, Canada}, abstract = {

Many existing building energy performance assessment frameworks, quantifying and categorising buildings post occupancy, offer limited feedback on design decisions. An environment providing decision makers with pertinent information to assess the consequences of each design decision in a timely, cost effective and practical manner is required to promote viable low-energy solutions from the outset. This paper outlines a performance-based strategy utilising building effectiveness communication ratios stored in Building Information Models (BIM). Decision makers will be capable of rating the building{\textquoteright}s energy performance throughout its natural life cycle without imposing adverse penalties on facilities located in dissimilar climatic zones subjected to stringent building codes and regulations. With this advancement in building energy assessment in place, a progressive improvement in energy efficiency for the building stock is a feasible and realistic target.

}, author = {Elmer Morrissey and Marcus Keane and James O{\textquoteright}Donnell and John F. McCarthy} } @conference {2642, title = {Reducing Building Operational Cost Through Environmental Effectiveness Ratios}, booktitle = {Building Simulation 2005 IBPSA International Conference}, year = {2005}, month = {08/2005}, address = {Montreal, Canada}, author = {James O{\textquoteright}Donnell and Elmer Morrissey and Marcus Keane and Brian {\'O} Gallach{\'o}ir} } @proceedings {2815, title = {Specifiction of an IFC-Based Intelligent Graphical User Interface to Support Building Energy Simulation}, journal = {IBPSA Building Simulation 2005}, year = {2005}, month = {08/2005}, address = {Montreal, Canada}, author = {Barry O{\textquoteright}Sullivan and Marcus Keane} } @conference {2644, title = {BuildingPI: A Future Tool for Building Life Cycle Analysis}, booktitle = {SimBuild 2004 1st International Conference of IBPSA-USA}, year = {2004}, month = {08/2004}, address = {Boulder, Colorado, USA}, author = {James O{\textquoteright}Donnell and Elmer Morrissey and Marcus Keane and Vladimir Bazjanac} } @proceedings {3402, title = {Specification and Implementation of IFC Based Performance Metrics to Support Building Life Cycle Assessment of Hybrid Energy Systems}, journal = {SimBuild 2004, Building Sustainability and Performance Through Simulation}, year = {2004}, month = {08/2004}, address = {Boulder, Colorado, USA}, author = {Elmer Morrissey and James O{\textquoteright}Donnell and Marcus Keane and Vladimir Bazjanac} } @conference {1835, title = {Specification and Implementation of IFC Based Performance Metrics to Support Building Life Cycle Assessment of Hybrid Energy Systems}, booktitle = {SimBuild 2004: Building Sustainability and Performance Through Simulation}, year = {2004}, month = {08/2004}, address = {Boulder, CO}, author = {Elmer Morrissey and James O{\textquoteright}Donnell and Marcus Keane and Vladimir Bazjanac} } @proceedings {3400, title = {Specification and Implementation of IFC-Based Performance Metrics to Support Building Life Cycle Assessment of Hybrid Energy Systems}, journal = {SimBuild 2004, Building Sustainability and Performance Through Simulation}, year = {2004}, month = {08/2004}, address = {Boulder, Colorado, USA}, author = {Elmer Morrissey and James O{\textquoteright}Donnell and Marcus Keane and Vladimir Bazjanac} } @conference {2645, title = {Specification of IFC Based Performance Metrics to Support Building Life Cycle Analysis of Hybrid Energy Systems}, booktitle = {SimBuild 2004 1st International Conference of IBPSA-USA}, year = {2004}, month = {08/2004}, address = {Boulder, Colorado, USA}, author = {Elmer Morrissey and James O{\textquoteright}Donnell and Marcus Keane and Vladimir Bazjanac} } @conference {55797, title = {The DOE-2 Computer Program for Thermal Simulation of Buildings}, booktitle = {American Institute of Physics (AIP)}, volume = {135}, number = {642}, year = {1985}, month = {01/1985}, publisher = {American Institute of Physics}, organization = {American Institute of Physics}, doi = {10.1063/1.35478}, author = {Birdsall, Bruce E. and Walter F. Buhl and Richard B. Curtis and Ender Erdem and Joseph Eto and James J. Hirsch and Karen H. Olson and Frederick C. Winkelmann} } @conference {55945, title = {The DOE-2 Building Energy Analysis Program}, booktitle = {ASEAN Conference on Energy Conservation in Buildings}, year = {1984}, month = {05/1984}, address = {Singapore}, author = {Richard B. Curtis and Birdsall, Bruce E. and Walter F. Buhl and Ender Erdem and Joseph H. Eto and James J. Hirsch and Karen H. Olson and Frederick C. Winkelmann} }