@conference {31980, title = {Prototyping the BOPTEST Framework for Simulation-Based Testing of Advanced Control Strategies in Buildings}, booktitle = {IBPSA Building Simulation 2019}, year = {2019}, address = {Rome, Italy}, abstract = {

Advanced control strategies are becoming increasingly necessary in buildings in order to meet and balance requirements for energy efficiency, demand flexibility, and occupant comfort. Additional development and widespread adoption of emerging control strategies, however, ultimately require low implementation costs to reduce payback period and verified performance to gain control vendor, building owner, and operator trust. This is difficult in an already first-cost driven and risk-averse industry. Recent innovations in building simulation can significantly aid in meeting these requirements and spurring innovation at early stages of development by evaluating performance, comparing state-of-the-art to new strategies, providing installation experience, and testing controller implementations. This paper presents the development of a simulation framework consisting of test cases and software platform for the testing of advanced control strategies (BOPTEST - Building Optimization Performance Test). The objectives and requirements of the framework, components of a test case, and proposed software platform architecture are described, and the framework is demonstrated with a prototype implementation and example test case.

}, keywords = {benchmarking, building simulation, Model predictive control, software development}, author = {David Blum and Filip Jorissen and Sen Huang and Yan Chen and Javier Arroyo and Kyle Benne and Yanfei Li and Valentin Gavan and Lisa Rivalin and Lieve Helsen and Draguna Vrabie and Michael Wetter and Marina Sofos} } @article {31313, title = {Buildings.Occupants: a Modelica package for modelling occupant behaviour in buildings}, journal = {Journal of Building Performance Simulation}, year = {2018}, month = {11/2018}, pages = {1 - 12}, abstract = {

Energy-related occupant behaviour is crucial to design and operation of energy and control systems in buildings. Occupant behaviours are often oversimplified as static schedules or settings in building performance simulation ignoring their stochastic nature. The continuous and dynamic interaction between occupants and building systems motivates their simultaneous simulation in an efficient manner. In the past, simultaneous simulation has relied on co-simulation approaches or customized source code changes to building simulation programmes. This paper presents Buildings. Occupants, an open-source package implemented in Modelica, for the simulation of occupant behaviours of lighting, windows, blinds, heating and air conditioning systems in office and residential buildings. Examples were presented to illustrate how the models in the Occupants package are capable to simulate stochastic occupant behaviours. The major contribution of this work is to introduce the equation-based modelling approach to simulate occupant behaviours in buildings and to develop an open-source Occupants package in the Modelica language

}, keywords = {modelica, Modelica Buildings Library, Modelica Occupants Package, Occupant Behaviour, Occupant behaviour modelling}, issn = {1940-1493}, doi = {10.1080/19401493.2018.1543352}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19401493.2018.1543352https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/19401493.2018.1543352}, author = {Zhe Wang and Tianzhen Hong and Ruoxi Jia} } @article {30490, title = {Comparative Study of Air-Conditioning Energy Use of Four Office Buildings in China and USA}, journal = {Energy and Buildings}, volume = {169}, year = {2018}, abstract = {

Energy use in buildings has great variability. In order to design and operate low energy buildings as well as to establish building energy codes and standards and effective energy policy, it is crucial to understand and quantify key factors influencing building energy performance. This study investigates air-conditioning (AC) energy use of four office buildings in four locations: Beijing, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Berkeley. Building simulation was employed to quantify the influences of key factors, including climate, building envelope and occupant behavior. Through simulation of various combinations of the three influencing elements, it is found that climate can lead to AC cooling consumption differences by almost two times, while occupant behavior resulted in the greatest differences (of up to three times) in AC cooling consumption. The influence of occupant behavior on AC energy consumption is not homogeneous. Under similar climates, when the occupant behavior in the building differed, the optimized building envelope design also differed. Overall, the optimal building envelope should be determined according to the climate as well as the occupants who use the building.

}, keywords = {Building envelope, climate, energy consumption, occupant behavior, office buildings, technological choice}, doi = {10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.03.073}, author = {Xin Zhou and Da Yan and Jingjing An and Tianzhen Hong and Xing Shi and Xing Jin} } @article {31663, title = {A Framework for Privacy-Preserving Data Publishing with Enhanced Utility for Cyber-Physical Systems}, journal = {ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks}, volume = {14}, year = {2018}, month = {12/2018}, pages = {1 - 22}, abstract = {

Cyber-physical systems have enabled the collection of massive amounts of data in an unprecedented level of spatial and temporal granularity. Publishing these data can prosper big data research, which, in turn, helps improve overall system efficiency and resiliency. The main challenge in data publishing is to ensure the usefulness of published data while providing necessary privacy protection. In our previous work (Jia et al. 2017a), we presented a privacy-preserving data publishing framework (referred to as PAD hereinafter), which can guarantee k-anonymity while achieving better data utility than traditional anonymization techniques. PAD learns the information of interest to data users or features from their interactions with the data publishing system and then customizes data publishing processes to the intended use of data. However, our previous work is only applicable to the case where the desired features are linear in the original data record. In this article, we extend PAD to nonlinear features. Our experiments demonstrate that for various data-driven applications, PAD can achieve enhanced utility while remaining highly resilient to privacy threats.

}, keywords = {cyber physical systems, deep learning, k-anonymity, Privacy preservation, Smart buildings}, issn = {15504859}, doi = {10.1145/329407010.1145/3275520}, author = {Fisayo Caleb Sangogboye and Ruoxi Jia and Tianzhen Hong and Costas Spanos and Mikkel Baun Kj{\ae}rgaard} } @article {31310, title = {Representation and evolution of urban weather boundary conditions in downtown Chicago}, journal = {Journal of Building Performance Simulation}, year = {2018}, month = {11/2018}, pages = {1 - 14}, abstract = {

This study presents a novel computing technique for data exchange and coupling between a high-resolution weather simulation model and a building energy model, with a goal of evaluating the impact of urban weather boundary conditions on energy performance of urban buildings. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is initialized with the operational High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) dataset to provide hourly weather conditions over the Chicago region. We utilize the building footprint, land use, and building stock datasets to generate building energy models using EnergyPlus. We mapped the building exterior surfaces to local air nodes to import simulated microclimate data and to export buildings{\textquoteright} heat emissions to their local environment. Preliminary experiments for a test area in Chicago show that predicted building cooling energy use differs by about 4.7\% for the selected date when compared with simulations using TMY weather data and without considering the urban microclimate boundary conditions.

}, keywords = {coupling, energy modeling, energyplus, Urban climate modeling, WRF}, issn = {1940-1493}, doi = {10.1080/19401493.2018.1534275}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19401493.2018.1534275https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/19401493.2018.1534275}, author = {Rajeev Jain and Xuan Luo and G{\"o}khan Sever and Tianzhen Hong and Charlie Catlett} } @article {30726, title = {Simplifications for hydronic system models in Modelica}, journal = {Journal of Building Performance Simulation}, year = {2018}, abstract = {

Building systems and their heating, ventilation and air conditioning ow networks, are becoming increasingly complex. Some building energy simulation tools simulate these ow networks using pressure drop equations. These ow network models typically generate coupled algebraic nonlinear systems of equations, which become increasingly more difficult to solve as their sizes increase. This leads to longer computation times and can cause the solver to fail. These problems also arise when using the equation-based modelling language Modelica and Annex 60 based libraries. This may limit the applicability of the library to relatively small problems unless problems are restructured. This paper discusses two algebraic loop types and presents an approach that decouples algebraic loops into smaller parts, or removes them completely. The approach is applied to a case study model where an algebraic loop of 86 iteration variables is decoupled into smaller parts with a maximum of 5 iteration variables.

}, doi = {10.1080/19401493.2017.1421263}, author = {Filip Jorissen and Michael Wetter and Lieve Helsen} } @article {30028, title = {Data Analytics and Optimization of an Ice-Based Energy Storage System for Commercial Buildings}, year = {2017}, abstract = {

Ice-based thermal energy storage (TES) systems can shift peak cooling demand and reduce operational energy costs (with time-of-use rates) in commercial buildings. The accurate prediction of the cooling load, and the optimal control strategy for managing the charging and discharging of a TES system, are two critical elements to improving system performance and achieving energy cost savings. This study utilizes data-driven analytics and modeling to holistically understand the operation of an ice{\textendash}based TES system in a shopping mall, calculating the system{\textquoteright}s performance using actual measured data from installed meters and sensors. Results show that there is significant savings potential when the current operating strategy is improved by appropriately scheduling the operation of each piece of equipment of the TES system, as well as by determining the amount of charging and discharging for each day. A novel optimal control strategy, determined by an optimization algorithm of Sequential Quadratic Programming, was developed to minimize the TES system{\textquoteright}s operating costs. Three heuristic strategies were also investigated for comparison with our proposed strategy, and the results demonstrate the superiority of our method to the heuristic strategies in terms of total energy cost savings. Specifically, the optimal strategy yields energy costs of up to 11.3\% per day and 9.3\% per month compared with current operational strategies. A one-day-ahead hourly load prediction was also developed using machine learning algorithms, which facilitates the adoption of the developed data analytics and optimization of the control strategy in a real TES system operation.

}, keywords = {Data Analytics, energy cost saving, heuristic strategy, Machine learning, optimization, Thermal energy storage}, author = {Na Luo and Tianzhen Hong and Hui Li and Rouxi Jia and Wenguo Weng} } @conference {29803, title = {Development of Automated Procedures to Generate Reference Building Models for ASHRAE Standard 90.1 and India{\textquoteright}s Building Energy Code and Implementation in OpenStudio}, booktitle = {Building Simulation 2017}, year = {2017}, month = {08/2017}, address = {San Francisco, CA}, abstract = {

This paper describes a software system for automatically generating a reference (baseline) building energy model from the proposed (as-designed) building energy model. This system is built using the OpenStudio Software Development Kit (SDK) and is designed to operate on building energy models in the OpenStudio file format.\ 

}, author = {Andrew Parker and Philip Haves and Subhash Jegi and Vishal Garg and Baptiste Ravache} } @article {60351, title = {Simulation Speed Analysis and Improvements of Modelica Models for Building Energy Simulation}, year = {2015}, abstract = {

This paper presents an approach for speeding up Modelica models. Insight is provided into how Modelica models are solved and what determines the tool{\textquoteright}s computational speed. Aspects such as algebraic loops, code efficiency and integrator choice are discussed. This is illustrated using simple building simulation examples and Dymola. The generality of the work is in some cases verified using OpenModelica. Using this approach, a medium sized office building including building envelope, heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems and control strategy can be simulated at a speed five hundred times faster than real time.

}, author = {Filip Jorissen and Michael Wetter and Lieve Helsen} } @article {60154, title = {Development of Diagnostic and Measurement and Verification Tools for Commercial Buildings}, year = {2014}, month = {09/2014}, institution = {California Energy Commission}, abstract = {

This research developed new measurement and verification tools and new automated fault detection and diagnosis tools, and deployed them in the Universal Translator. The Universal Translator is a tool, developed by Pacific Gas and Electric, that manages large sets of measured data from building control systems and enables off-line analysis of building performance. There were four technical projects following the program administration tasks identified as Project 1:

  1. Program Administration
  2. Methods and Tools to Reduce the Cost of Measurement and Verification.
  3. Fault Detection and Diagnostics for Commercial Heating, Ventilating, and Air- Conditioning Systems.
  4. Test Procedures and Tools to Characterize Fan and Duct System Performance in Large Commercial Buildings.
  5. Universal Translator Development: Integration of Application Programming Interface.

Project 1 consisted of administrative tasks related to the project.

Project 2 addressed the need for less expensive measurement and verification tools to determine the costs and benefits of retrofits and retro-commissioning at both the individual building level and the utility program level.

Project 3 extended previous work on fault detection and diagnosis to additional systems and subsystems, including dual duct heating, ventilating and air-conditioning systems and fan-coil terminal units.

Project 4 combined previous work on duct leakage and fan modeling to develop a performance assessment method for existing fan/duct systems that could also be used in the analysis of retrofit measures identified by the tools in Projects 2 and 3 using the EnergyPlus simulation program to help select the most cost-effective package of improvements.

Some of the diagnostic methods and tools developed in projects 2 through 4 were incorporated in the Universal Translator via a new application programming interface that was specified, developed and tested in Project 5. Combined, these tools support analyses of energy savings produced by new construction commissioning, retro-commissioning, improved routine operations and code compliance. The new application programming interface could also facilitate future development, testing and deployment of new diagnostic tools.

}, keywords = {application programming interface, fault detection and diagnosis, M\&V, Measurement and verification, Universal Translator}, author = {Philip Haves and Craig P. Wray and David A. Jump and Daniel Veronica and Christopher Farley} } @article {2581, title = {Reduction of numerical viscosity in FFD model}, journal = {Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics}, volume = {6}, year = {2012}, pages = {234-247}, author = {Wangda Zuo and Mingang Jin and Qingyan Chen} } @conference {31981, title = {Sustainable Campus with PEV and Microgrid}, booktitle = {2012 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings}, year = {2012}, month = {08/2019}, address = {Pacific Grove, CA}, abstract = {

Market penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) is gaining momentum, as is the move
towards increasingly distributed, clean and renewable electricity sources. EV charging shifts a
significant portion of transportation energy use onto building electricity meters. Hence,
integration strategies for energy-efficiency in buildings and transport sectors are of increasing
importance. This paper focuses on a portion of that integration: the analysis of an optimal
interaction of EVs with a building-serving transformer, and coupling it to a microgrid that
includes PV, a fuel cell and a natural gas micro-turbine. The test-case is the Nanyang
Technological University (NTU), Singapore campus. The system under study is the Laboratory
of Clean Energy Research (LaCER) Lab that houses the award winning Microgrid Energy
Management System (MG-EMS) project. The paper analyses three different case scenarios to
estimate the number of EVs that can be supported by the building transformer serving LaCER.
An approximation of the actual load data collected for the building into different time intervals is
performed for a transformer loss of life (LOL) calculation. The additional EV loads that can be
supported by the transformer with and without the microgrid are analyzed. The numbers of
possible EVs that can be charged at any given time under the three scenarios are also determined.
The possibility of using EV fleet at NTU campus to achieve demand response capability and
intermittent PV output leveling through vehicle to grid (V2G) technology and building energy
management systems is also explored.

}, keywords = {buildings, campus, electric vehicles, energy, loads, microgrids, renewable energy, transport}, url = {https://aceee.org/files/proceedings/2012/data/papers/0193-000363.pdf}, author = {K. Nandha Kumar and B. Sivaneasan and P.L. So and H.B. Gooi and Nilesh Jadhav and Reshma Singh and Chris Marnay} } @proceedings {3405, title = {Validation of three dimensional fast fluid dynamics for indoor airflow simulations}, year = {2012}, pages = {1055-1062}, address = {Boulder, CO}, author = {Mingang Jin and Wangda Zuo and Qingyan Chen} } @article {214, title = {Anisotropy invariant Reynolds stress model of turbulence (AIRSM) and its application on attached and separated wall-bounded flows}, journal = {Flow, Turbulence and Combustion}, volume = {83}, year = {2009}, month = {07/2009}, pages = {81-103}, chapter = {81}, abstract = {

Numerical predictions with a differential Reynolds stress closure, which in its original formulation explicitly takes into account possible states of turbulence on the anisotropy-invariant map, are presented. Thus the influence of anisotropy of turbulence on the modeled terms in the governing equations for the Reynolds stresses is accounted for directly. The anisotropy invariant Reynolds stress model (AIRSM) is implemented and validated in different finite-volume codes. The standard wall-function approach is employed as initial step in order to predict simple and complex wall-bounded flows undergoing large separation. Despite the use of simple wall functions, the model performed satisfactory in predicting these flows. The predictions of the AIRSM were also compared with existing Reynolds stress models and it was found that the present model results in improved convergence compared with other models. Numerical issues involved in the implementation and application of the model are also addressed.

}, keywords = {Anisotrpoy, Invariant map, Reynolds stress model, Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes, Separated wall-bounded flow, Turbulence, Turbulence modeling}, issn = {1573-1987}, doi = {10.1007/s10494-008-9190-y}, author = {V. Kumar and Bettina Frohnapfel and Jovan Jovanovi{\'c} and Michael Breuer and Wangda Zuo and Ibrahim Hadzi{\'c} and Richard Lechner} } @article {237, title = {Case study of zero energy house design in UK}, journal = {Energy and Buildings}, volume = {41}, year = {2009}, month = {11/2009}, pages = {1215-1222}, author = {Liping Wang and Julie Gwilliam and Phillip Jones} } @conference {2655, title = {Energy Index Evaluation of Buildings in Function of the External Temperature}, booktitle = {Proc. Building Simulation 2007}, year = {2007}, month = {09/2007}, address = {Beijing, China}, author = {Papa, Renata Pietra and Patricia Romeiro da Silva Jota and Assis, Eleonora} } @article {3389, title = {Energy Performance of Underfloor Air Distribution Systems}, year = {2007}, institution = {California Energy Commission - Public Interest Energy Research Program}, author = {Fred S. Bauman and Thomas L. Webster and Hui Jin and Wolfgang Lukaschek and Corinne Benedek and Edward A. Arens and Paul F. Linden and Anna Lui and Walter F. Buhl and Darryl J. Dickerhoff} } @conference {2663, title = {Global Efficiency of Direct Flow Vacuum Collectors in Autonomous Solar Desiccant Cooling: Simulation and Experimental Results}, booktitle = {Proc. Building Simulation 2007}, year = {2007}, month = {09/2007}, address = {Beijing, China}, author = {Paul Bourdoukan and Etienne Wurtz and Maurice Sp{\'e}randio and Patrice Joubert} } @proceedings {396, title = {Carbon Nanotube (CNT)-Centric Thermal Management of Future High Power Microprocessors}, year = {2006}, month = {03/2006}, address = {Atlanta, GA}, author = {Prajesh Bhattacharya and Wei, X. and Andrei G. Fedorov and Yogendra K. Joshi and Navdeep Bajwa and Anyuan Cao and Pulickel Ajayan} } @conference {12052, title = {Measured energy performance of a US-China demonstration energy-efficient commercial building}, booktitle = {2007 ASHRAE Winter Meeting, January 27-31, 2007}, year = {2006}, month = {01/2007}, address = {Dallas, TX}, abstract = {

In July 1998, the U.S. Department of Energy (USDOE) and China{\textquoteright}s Ministry of Science of Technology (MOST) signed a Statement of Work (SOW) to collaborate on the design and construction of an energyefficient demonstration office building and design center to be located in Beijing. The proposed 13,000 m2 (140,000 ft2) nine-story office building would use U.S. energy-efficient materials, space-conditioning systems, controls, and design principles that were judged to be widely replicable throughout China. The SOW stated that China would contribute the land and provide for the costs of the base building, while the U.S. would be responsible for the additional (or marginal) costs associated with the package of energy efficiency andrenewable energy improvements to the building. The project was finished and the building occupied in 2004.

Using DOE-2 to analyze the energy performance of the as-built building, the building obtained 44 out of 69 possible points according to the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating, including the full maximum of 10 points in the energy performance section. The building achieved a LEED Gold rating, the first such LEED-rated office building in China, and is 60\% more efficient than ASHRAE 90.1-1999. The utility data from the first year{\textquoteright}s operation match well the analysis results, providing that adjustments are made for unexpected changes in occupancy and operations. Compared with similarly equipped office buildings in Beijing, this demonstration building uses 60\% less energy per floor area. However, compared to conventional office buildings with less equipment and window air-conditioners, the building uses slightly more energy per floor area.

}, author = {Peng Xu and Yu Joe Huang and Ruidong Jin and Guoxiong Yang} } @article {259, title = {ANN Modeling and Self-tuning Control of the Oil Field Heating Furnace}, journal = {Computer Measurement and Control (Chinese)}, volume = {12}, year = {2004}, pages = {338-240}, author = {Yongcheng Jiang and Xiufeng Pang} } @article {278, title = {Heat transfer and natural ventilation from single-sided heated solar chimney for buildings}, journal = {Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering}, volume = {3}, year = {2004}, author = {Angui Li and Phillip Jones and Pingge Zhao and Liping Wang} } @article {260, title = {Computer Measurement and Automation System for Gas-fired Heating Furnace}, journal = {Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology (Chinese)}, volume = {35}, year = {2003}, pages = {374-378}, author = {Xiufeng Pang and Yongcheng Jiang and Yan-shu Miao and Jun Xiong} } @article {2586, title = {Research of ANN Internal Model Self-tuning Control Applied in Combustion Process Control of Heating Furnace in Oil Field}, journal = {Journal of Central South University, Technology}, volume = {34}, year = {2003}, pages = {108-112}, author = {Yongcheng Jiang and Xiufeng Pang and Fu,Shaobo} } @article {424, title = {Outdoor synthetic temperature for the calculation of space heating load}, journal = {Energy and Buildings}, volume = {28}, year = {1998}, month = {1998}, pages = {269-277}, type = {Research Article}, abstract = {

Methods to select the outdoor design temperature (ODT) for heating load calculation specified in current design codes in different countries are firstly discussed. Then a new method namely Stochastic Analysis is presented to determine the outdoor synthetic temperature (OST), which fully considers the randomness of weather and internal casual gains, and the thermal performance of buildings. The concept of OST enables the design of space heating system to be the trade-off between economics and risk. Finally, case studies of the influence of different building components on OST of a residential room in Beijing have been studied, which shows that OST depends upon building structures as well as weather conditions. It is recommended that OST rather than ODT should be employed in heating load calculation hence, sizing equipment for space heating systems.

}, keywords = {heating load calculation, outdoor design conditions, residential buildings, stochastic analysis, thermal performance of buildings}, doi = {10.1016/S0378-7788(98)00013-9}, author = {Tianzhen Hong and Yi Jiang} } @article {426, title = {IISABRE: An integrated building simulation environment}, journal = {Building and Environment}, volume = {32}, year = {1997}, month = {1997}, pages = {219-224}, type = {Research Article}, abstract = {

An integrated building simulation environment, IISABRE, is introduced. IISABRE consists of CABD, BTP and IISPAM. CABD is an AutoCAD-based building descriptor enabling users to draw a building and define information. Some design tools are built into CABD, and a STEP-based building database can be generated, which provides an open mechanism to share the building database with other programs. BTP is a program for the detailed dynamic simulation of building thermal performance. With a PC 486DX50 (8M RAM) running in MS-Windows 3.11, BTP needs about 40 minutes to calculate the annual hourly energy demand for a building with 20 zones. IISPAM is a knowledge-based system for translating the STEP-based building database into ASCII-based data files for BTP. IISABRE can be widely employed in the field of building environmental engineering in order to improve the energy efficiency of buildings and the thermal comfort of the indoor environment.

}, keywords = {btp, building simulation, dest, energy performance, gui}, doi = {10.1016/S0360-1323(96)00057-1}, author = {Tianzhen Hong and Yi Jiang} } @article {425, title = {A new multizone model for simulation of building thermal performance}, journal = {Building and Environment}, volume = {32}, year = {1997}, month = {1997}, pages = {123-128}, type = {Research Article}, abstract = {

A new multizone model which is an improvement on the state space model is presented, which is potentially more efficient in the simulation of large scale buildings than other methods such as finite difference, transfer functions, or finite volume. The modeling philosophy is firstly discussed. Then the principle and algorithm of the new model are described. Finally, a PC based program BTP developed based on state-of-the-art modeling strategy reveals its applicability with fast calculation speed and satisfactory accuracy in the modeling of building energy performance.

}, doi = {10.1016/S0360-1323(96)00045-5}, author = {Tianzhen Hong and Yi Jiang} } @proceedings {325, title = {Development and Testing of a Prototype Tool for HVAC Control System Commissioning}, volume = {102}, year = {1996}, edition = {1}, address = {Atlanta, GA}, abstract = {

Describes a set of automated tests for use in commissioning the controls associated with coils and mixing boxes in air-handling units. The test procedures were developed using a computer simulation of an office building air conditioning system and were verified by manual testing in real buildings. A prototype automated commissioning system was then evaluated in blind tests on a large air conditioning test rig. Concludes that automated commissioning has the potential to reduce the cost and increase the thoroughness of HVAC controls commissioning. A prototype commissioning tool is under development based on the described approach.

}, keywords = {air conditioning, automatic, commissioning, controls, prototypes, testing, year 1996}, author = {Philip Haves and Jorgensen, D.R. and Tim I. Salsbury and Arthur L. Dexter} } @article {2577, title = {Integrated building design system}, journal = {HV\&AC, in Chinese}, year = {1995}, month = {1995}, author = {Yi Jiang and Tianzhen Hong} } @conference {2627, title = {Prediction of building thermal performance under random conditions}, booktitle = {TSINGHUA-HVAC-{\textquoteright}95}, year = {1995}, month = {1995}, address = {Beijing, China}, author = {Tianzhen Hong and Yi Jiang} } @article {427, title = {Stochastic weather model for building HVAC systems}, journal = {Building and Environment}, volume = {30}, year = {1995}, month = {1995}, pages = {521-532}, type = {Research Article}, abstract = {

The weather is a multi-dimensional stochastic process; the traditional typical or standard meteorological year is not enough to describe the random behaviour of weather. The model presented in this paper is based on the vector auto-regressive (VAR) time series method. From the validation results, it can be seen that the stochastic weather model is essential to describe real climate behaviour, and the accuracy obtained is sufficient for the application of the stochastic weather model in the simulation and stochastic analysis of building HVAC systems.

}, doi = {10.1016/0360-1323(95)00007-S}, author = {Tianzhen Hong and Yi Jiang} } @proceedings {336, title = {Automatic Commissioning of HVAC Control Systems}, year = {1993}, month = {11/1993}, address = {London, England}, author = {Arthur L. Dexter and Philip Haves and Jorgensen, D.R.} } @proceedings {337, title = {Development of Techniques to Assist in the Commissioning of HVAC Control Systems}, year = {1993}, month = {05/1993}, address = {Manchester, UK}, author = {Arthur L. Dexter and Philip Haves and Jorgensen, D.R.} } @article {428, title = {Stochastic analysis of building thermal processes}, journal = {Building and Environment}, volume = {28}, year = {1993}, month = {1993}, pages = {209-218}, type = {Research Article}, abstract = {

A methodology is presented for investigating the uncertainty properties of the building thermal processes caused by the random behaviour of the meteorological processes and the casual gains. A detailed building thermal model is used with a stochastic weather model and a random casual gain model. The probability distribution of the zone temperature of the building is calculated directly from these models. The overheating risk has been analysed as an example. The probability distribution of the periods when the zone temperature is higher than the demand temperature is calculated. The result shows all the possible situations rather than only a sample as would be obtained by running a normal simulation using given weather data. The influence of different building components on the overheating risk has been studied. The result shows that the most likely component for overheating risk in a residential building in Beijing is the window size. The thermal mass of the internal walls and the placing of windows have little effect on overheating risk.

}, doi = {10.1016/0360-1323(93)90027-Z}, author = {Yi Jiang and Tianzhen Hong} } @conference {2628, title = {Stochastic analysis of overheating risk in buildings}, booktitle = {CLIMA 2000}, year = {1993}, month = {1993}, address = {London, UK}, author = {Yi Jiang and Tianzhen Hong} } @article {343, title = {Use of a Building Emulator to Develop Techniques for Improved Commissioning and Control of HVAC Systems}, journal = {ASHRAE Transactions}, volume = {97}, year = {1991}, keywords = {air conditioning, automatic, commissioning, computer programs, controls, energy management, heating, ventilation}, author = {Philip Haves and Arthur L. Dexter and Jorgensen, D.R. and Keck-Voon Ling and Geng, G.} } @proceedings {351, title = {The Use of Dynamic Simulation Models to Evaluate Algorithms for Building Energy Control: Experience with HVACSIM+}, volume = {8}, year = {1987}, month = {09/1987}, address = {Lausanne, Switzerland}, author = {Arthur L. Dexter and Mahroo M. Eftekhari and Philip Haves and F{\'a}bio Gon{\c c}alves Jota} }