@article {60966, title = {Updates to the China Design Standard for Energy Efficiency in Public Buildings}, journal = {Energy Policy}, volume = {87}, year = {2015}, month = {12/2015}, pages = {187-198}, abstract = {

The China Design Standard for Energy Efficiency in public buildings (GB 50189) debuted in 2005 when China completed the 10th Five-Year Plan. GB 50189-2005 played a crucial role in regulating the energy efficiency in Chinese commercial buildings. The standard was recently updated in 2014 to increase energy savings targets by 30\% compared with the 2005 standard. This paper reviews the major changes to the standard, including expansion of energy efficiency coverage and more stringent efficiency requirements. The paper also discusses the interrelationship of the design standard with China{\textquoteright}s other building energy standards. Furthermore, comparisons are made with ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 to provide contrasting differences in efficiency requirements. Finally recommendations are provided to guide the future standard revision, focusing on three areas: (1) increasing efficiency requirements of building envelope and HVAC systems, (2) adding a whole-building performance compliance pathway and implementing a ruleset based automatic code baseline model generation in an effort to reduce the discrepancies of baseline models created by different tools and users, and (3) adding inspection and commissioning requirements to ensure building equipment and systems are installed correctly and operate as designed.

}, keywords = {building design, building energy standard, China, energy efficiency, GB 50189, Public buildings}, doi = {10.1016/j.enpol.2015.09.013}, author = {Tianzhen Hong and Cheng Li and Da Yan} } @article {57517, title = {Uncertainties in energy consumption introduced by building operations and weather for a medium-size office building}, journal = {Energy and Buildings}, volume = {53}, year = {2012}, month = {10/2012}, pages = {152 - 158}, keywords = {Building Operations, energyplus, Monte Carlo Analysis, Uncertainties}, issn = {03787788}, doi = {10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.06.017}, author = {Liping Wang and Paul A. Mathew and Xiufeng Pang} } @article {377, title = {Unlocking Historical Data in Critical IT}, journal = {Data Center Dynamics Focus}, year = {2008}, month = {12/2008}, author = {Prajesh Bhattacharya} } @proceedings {62, title = {Using SPARK as a solver for Modelica}, journal = {Proc. of the 3rd SimBuild Conference}, year = {2008}, month = {08/2008}, address = {Berkeley, CA, USA}, abstract = {

Modelica is an object-oriented acausal modeling language that is well positioned to become a de-facto standard for expressing models of complex physical systems. To simulate a model expressed in Modelica, it needs to be translated into executable code. For generating run-time efficient code, such a translation needs to employ algebraic formula manipulations. As the SPARK solver has been shown to be competitive for generating such code but currently cannot be used with the Modelica language, we report in this paper how SPARK{\textquoteright}s symbolic and numerical algorithms can be implemented in OpenModelica, an open-source implementation of a Modelica modeling and simulation environment. We also report benchmark results that show that for our air flow network simulation benchmark, the SPARK solver is competitive with Dymola, which is believed to provide the best solver for Modelica.

}, url = {http://www.ibpsa.us/simbuild2008/technical_sessions/SB08-DOC-TS03-1-Wetter.pdf}, author = {Michael Wetter and Philip Haves and Michael A. Moshier and Edward F. Sowell} } @conference {3388, title = {Using SPARK as a Solver for Modelica}, booktitle = {SimBuild 2008}, year = {2008}, month = {07/2008}, address = {Berkeley, CA, USA}, author = {Michael Wetter and Philip Haves and Michael A. Moshier and Edward F. Sowell} } @conference {2639, title = {Utilisation of Whole Building Energy Simulation Output to Provide Optimum Decision Support for Building Managers}, booktitle = {SimBuild 2008}, year = {2008}, address = {Berkeley, CA}, author = {James O{\textquoteright}Donnell and Marcus Keane and Vladimir Bazjanac} } @conference {2658, title = {Use of Simulation Tools for Managing Buildings Energy Demand}, booktitle = {Proc. Building Simulation 2007}, year = {2007}, month = {09/2007}, address = {Beijing, China}, author = {Alberto Hernandez and Fl{\'a}vio Neto and Augusto Sanzovo Fiorelli} } @article {2584, title = {Using Indicators to Profile Energy Consumption and Inform Energy Policy in a University - A Case Study in Ireland}, journal = {Energy and Buildings}, volume = {39}, year = {2007}, month = {08/2007}, pages = {913-922}, chapter = {913}, abstract = {

The services sector has the least amount of energy end use data available, which poses significant challenges to companies within the sector attempting to benchmark their energy performance and inform energy management decisions. This paper explores through a case study analysis the use of simple performance indicators and how additional data and new metrics can greatly enhance the understanding of energy trends and in particular the assessment of building energy performance. The country chosen for the analysis is Ireland, where the services sector has experienced high energy demand growth since 1990 (4.1\% annually) compared with the EU-15 (1.5\% annually). Despite this growth, the available energy data is poor, in particular for the public service sub-sectors. The case study chosen is an institution within the education sub-sector, University College Cork. The paper presents some simple energy performance indicators that have been used to date to inform energy policy. The paper then introduces new approaches and tools for assessing energy performance in buildings and how these may be utilised to improve the energy policy decision making and energy management. It discusses how these approaches are been implemented for buildings with separate functions, presents some initial results and discusses future planned work.

}, keywords = {building energy performance, Energy in services sector, energy policy, University}, doi = {10.1016/j.enbuild.2006.11.005}, author = {Brian {\'O} Gallach{\'o}ir and Marcus Keane and Elmer Morrissey and James O{\textquoteright}Donnell} } @proceedings {3396, title = {Using EnergyPlus for California Title-24 Compliance Calculations}, journal = {SimBuild 2006}, year = {2006}, month = {08/2006}, address = {Cambridge, MA, USA}, author = {Yu Joe Huang and Norman Bourassa and Walter F. Buhl and Ender Erdem and Robert J. Hitchcock} } @conference {1945, title = {Using EnergyPlus for California Title-24 compliance calculations}, booktitle = {SimBuild 2006}, year = {2006}, month = {08/2006}, address = {Cambridge, MA}, abstract = {

For the past decade, the non-residential portion of California{\textquoteright}s Title-24 building energy standard has relied on DOE-2.1E as the reference computer simulation program for development as well as compliance. However, starting in 2004, the California Energy Commission has been evaluating the possible use of EnergyPlus as the reference program in future revisions of Title-24. As part of this evaluation, the authors converted the Alternate Compliance Method (ACM) certification test suite of 150 DOE-2 files to EnergyPlus, and made parallel DOE-2 and EnergyPlus runs for this extensive set of test cases. A customized version of DOE-2.1E named doe2ep was developed to automate the conversion process. This paper describes this conversion process, including the difficulties in establishing an apples-to-apples comparison between the two programs, and summarizes how the DOE-2 and EnergyPlus results compare for the ACM test cases.

}, author = {Yu Joe Huang and Norman Bourassa and Walter F. Buhl and Ender Erdem and Robert J. Hitchcock} } @conference {256, title = {Using a Fan Air Flow Station to Control Building Static Pressure in a VAV System}, booktitle = {the 2005 International Solar Energy Conference}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, address = {Orlando, FL}, author = {Zheng, B and Xiufeng Pang and Mingsheng Liu} } @article {215, title = {Updating traditional CRM system by terminal server}, journal = {Journal of Chongqing University (Natural Science Edition)}, volume = {27}, year = {2004}, pages = {94-95}, author = {Wangda Zuo and Tianyi Yang and Wenyan Zou} } @article {279, title = {Use of Simulation in the Design of a Large Naturally Ventilated Office Building}, journal = {Building Services Engineering Research \& Technology}, volume = {25}, year = {2004}, pages = {211-221}, abstract = {The design for the new Federal Building for San Francisco includes an office tower that is to be naturally ventilated. The EnergyPlus thermal simulation program was used to evaluate different ventilation strategies for space cooling and rationalize the design of the fa{\c c}ade. The strategies include ventilation driven by different combinations of wind, internal stack and external stack. The simulation results indicate that wind-driven ventilation can maintain adequate comfort even during hot periods. Computational fluid dynamics was used to study the airflow and temperature distribution in the occupied spaces arising from different combinations of window openings and outside conditions and thereby inform both the design of the windows and the control strategy.}, doi = {10.1191/0143624404bt102oa}, url = {http://bse.sagepub.com/content/25/3/211}, author = {Philip Haves and Paul F. Linden and Guilherme Carrilho da Gra{\c c}a} } @proceedings {293, title = {Use of Simulation in the Design of a Large Naturally Ventilated Commercial Office Building}, journal = {Building Simulation {\textquoteright}03}, year = {2003}, month = {08/2003}, address = {Eindhoven, Netherlands}, url = {http://www.inive.org/members_area/medias/pdf/Inive/IBPSA/UFSC912.pdf}, author = {Philip Haves and Guilherme Carrilho da Gra{\c c}a and Paul F. Linden} } @conference {392, title = {Understanding the Behavior of an F1-ATPase Biomolecular Motor Using Brownian Dynamics Simulation}, booktitle = {US-Japan Nanotherm Seminar: Nanoscale Thermal Science and Engineering}, year = {2002}, month = {06/2002}, address = {Berkeley, CA}, author = {Prajesh Bhattacharya and Patrick E. Phelan} } @proceedings {304, title = {Use of Whole Building Simulation in On-Line Performance Assessment: Modeling and Implementation Issues}, journal = {Building Simulation {\textquoteright}01}, year = {2001}, month = {08/2001}, address = {Rio de Janeiro}, abstract = {

The application of model-based performance assessment at the whole building level is explored. The information requirements for a simulation to predict the actual performance of a particular real building, as opposed to estimating the impact of design options, are addressed with particular attention to common sources of input error and important deficiencies in most simulation models. The role of calibrated simulations is discussed. The communication requirements for passive monitoring and active testing are identified and the possibilities for using control system communications protocols to link on-line simulation and energy management and control systems are discussed. The potential of simulation programs to act as "plug-and-play" components on building control networks is discussed.

}, author = {Philip Haves and Tim I. Salsbury and David Claridge and Mingsheng Liu} } @proceedings {311, title = {Use of an Information Monitoring and Diagnostic System for Commissioning and Ongoing Operations}, journal = {8th National Conference on Building Commissioning PECI}, year = {2000}, month = {05/2000}, abstract = {This paper discusses a demonstration of a technology to address the problem that buildings do not perform as well as anticipated during design. We partnered with an innovative building operator to evaluate a prototype Information Monitoring and Diagnostic System (IMDS). The IMDS consists of a set of high-quality sensors, data acquisition software and hardware, and data visualization software, including a web-based remote access system that can be used to identify control problems and equipment faults. The IMDS allowed the operators to make more effective use of the control system, freeing up time to take care of other tenant needs. The operators report observing significant improvements in building comfort, potentially improving tenant health and productivity. Reduction in hours to operate the building are worth about $20,000 per year, which alone could pay for the IMDS in about five years. A control system retrofit based on findings from the IMDS is expected to reduce energy use by 20 percent over the next year, worth over $30,000 per year in energy cost savings. The operators recommend that similar technology be adopted in other buildings. While the current IMDS is oriented toward manual, human-based diagnostic techniques, we also evaluated automated diagnostic techniques. Strategies for utilizing results from this demonstration to influence commercial building performance monitoring for commissioning and operations will be discussed. Background}, url = {http://imds.lbl.gov/pubs/paper383.pdf}, author = {Mary Ann Piette and Satkartar T. Khalsa and Philip Haves} } @article {343, title = {Use of a Building Emulator to Develop Techniques for Improved Commissioning and Control of HVAC Systems}, journal = {ASHRAE Transactions}, volume = {97}, year = {1991}, keywords = {air conditioning, automatic, commissioning, computer programs, controls, energy management, heating, ventilation}, author = {Philip Haves and Arthur L. Dexter and Jorgensen, D.R. and Keck-Voon Ling and Geng, G.} } @proceedings {342, title = {Use of a Building Emulator to Evaluate Control Strategies Implemented in Commercial BEMS}, journal = {Building Environmental Performance {\textquoteright}91}, year = {1991}, month = {04/1991}, address = {Cantebury, England}, author = {Philip Haves and Arthur L. Dexter} } @proceedings {341, title = {Use of Building Emulators to Evaluate the Performance of Building Energy Management Systems}, journal = {Building Simulation {\textquoteright}91}, year = {1991}, month = {08/1991}, pages = {209-213}, address = {Nice, France}, abstract = {

Three complementary approaches may be used in the evaluation of the performance of building control systems-simulation, emulation and field testing. In emulation a real-time simulation of the building and HVAC plant is connected to a real building energy management system (BEMS) via a hardware interface. Emulation has the advantage of allowing controlled, repeatable experiments whilst testing real devices that may contain proprietary algorithms. Building emulators have been developed by the authors in the context of lEA Annex 17, which is concerned with the use of simulation to evaluate the performance of BEMS. The paper discusses different approaches to the design of building emulators and describes the different architectures, hardware and software used by the authors. The problem of evaluating the overall performance of BEMS is discussed and results are presented that illustrate the use of emulators to investigate the influence of the tuning of local loop controls on building performance.

}, author = {Hossein Vaezi-Nejad and E. Hutter and Philip Haves and Arthur L. Dexter and George E. Kelly and Pierre Nusgens and Shengwei Wang} } @article {55645, title = {On Using Degree-days to Account for the Effects of Weather on Annual Energy Use in Office Buildings}, journal = {Energy and Buildings}, volume = {12}, year = {1988}, month = {09/1988}, chapter = {113}, abstract = {

To better quantify the effects of conservation measures, degree.day-based techniques are commonly used to isolate weather.induced changes in building energy use. In this paper, we use a building energy simulation model, which allows us to hold fixed all influences on energy use besides weather, to evaluate several degree-day-based techniques. The evaluation is applied to simulated electricity and natural gas consumption for two large office building prototypes located in five U.8. climates. We review the development of degree day- based, weather-normalization techniques to identify issues for applying the techniques to office buildings and then evaluate the accuracy of the techniques with the simulated data. We conclude that, for the two office building prototypes and five U.8. locations examined, most techniques perform reasonably well; accuracy, in predicting annual consumption, is generally better than 10\%. Our major finding is that accuracy among individual techniques is overwhelmed by circumstances outside the control of the analyst, namely, the choice of the initial year from which the normalization estimates are made.

}, doi = {10.1016/0378-7788(88)90073-4}, author = {Joseph H. Eto} } @proceedings {351, title = {The Use of Dynamic Simulation Models to Evaluate Algorithms for Building Energy Control: Experience with HVACSIM+}, journal = {International Congress on Building Energy Management}, volume = {8}, year = {1987}, month = {09/1987}, address = {Lausanne, Switzerland}, author = {Arthur L. Dexter and Mahroo M. Eftekhari and Philip Haves and F{\'a}bio Gon{\c c}alves Jota} }